导学教程高三英语二轮复习 第一部分 高考题型攻略篇 高考题型之二 阅读理解 专题四 阅读理解之观点态度和文章结构题课件.ppt

专题四阅读理解之观点态度和文章结构题 高考24话题之 四 饮食 foodanddrink 近年来 人们普遍存在体重超标的现象 患肥胖症 obesity 的人越来越多 这对人们的身体健康极为不利 请结合右面的漫画 分析人们肥胖的原因 并提出可行的减肥方法和健康建议 写作话题 somepeopleevensuffer obesity canleadtoheartdisorder highbloodpressureandotherhealthproblems thereareseveralreasons it itisimportant remember thatthebodyneedspropercareinordertobe health 语法填空 from which for toremember healthy alltheseisrichinfatandsugar whichcaneasilymakepeoplefat itrequireswell balanceddietandproperexercise sooneshouldeatrightfood getenoughsleep andexerciseregular 答案 is改为are well balanced前面加a regular改为regularly 语法改错 itseemsthatmanypeopletodayareoverweight somepeopleevensufferfromobesity whichcanleadtoheartdisorder highbloodpressureandotherhealthproblems 范文背诵 thereareseveralreasonsforit somepeoplecouldn tresistthetemptationofallkindsofdeliciousfood suchhamburger friedchicken beerandsugarycola allthesearerichinfatandsugar whichcaneasilymakepeoplefat oncewebecomeoverweight itisnotaneasyjobtoloseweight itrequiresawell balanceddietandproperexercise onecan ttakegoodhealthforgranted itisimportanttorememberthatthebodyneedspropercareinordertobehealthy sooneshouldeatrightfood getenoughsleep andexerciseregularly 根据范文画线部分仿写下面情景 青少年不要把吃早餐不当回事 孩子们抵制不玩网络游戏的诱惑 答案 teenagersshouldn ttakehavingbreakfastforgranted childrencan tresistthetemptationofplayingonlinegames 自主空间 a 2016 北京 thecollegeyearsaresupposedtobeatimeforimportantgrowthinautonomy 自主性 andthedevelopmentofadultidentity however nowtheyarebecominganextendedperiodofadolescence duringwhichmanyoftoday sstudentsarenotshoulderedwithadultresponsibilities 限时15分钟 forpreviousgenerations collegewasdecisivebreakfromparentalcontrol guidanceandsupportneededhelpfrompeopleofthesameageandfromwithin inthepasttwodecades however continuedconnectionwithanddependenceonfamily thankstocellphones emailandsocialmedia haveincreasedsignificantly someparentsgosofarastohelpwithcoursework insteadof promotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsi bility universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome toprepareforincreasedautonomyandresponsibility collegeneedstobeatimeofexplorationandexperimentation thisprocessinvolves tryingon newwaysofthinkingaboutoneselfbothintellectually 在思维方面 andpersonally whileweshouldprovide safespaces withincolleges wemustalsomakeitsafetoexpressopinionsandchallengemajorityviews intellectualgrowthandflexibilityarefosteredondebateandquestioning learningtodealwiththesocialworldisequallyimportant becauseacollegecommunity 群体 differsfromthefamily manystudentswillstruggletofindasenseofbelonging ifstudentsrelyonadministratorstoregulatetheirsocialbehaviorandthinkingpattern theyarenotfacingthechallengeoffindinganidentitywithinalargerandcomplexcommunity moreover thetendencyforuniversitiestomonitorandshapestudentbehaviorrunsupagainstanothercharacteristicofyoungadults theresponsetobeingcontrolledbytheirelders ifacceptablesocialbehavioristoostrictlydefined 规定 andcontrolled theinsensitiveoraggressivebehaviorthatadministratorsareseekingtominimizemayactuallybeencouraged itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout particularlywhentherearereasonstodoso ourgenerationoncejoinedhandsandstoodfirmattimesofnationalemergency whatislackingtodayistheconflictbetweenadolescent sdesireforautonomyandtheirunderstandingofanunsafeworld therefore thereisthedesirefortheirdormstobereplacementhomesandnotplacestoexperienceintellectualgrowth everycollegediscussionaboutcommunityvalues socialclimateandbehaviorshouldincluderecognitionofthedevelopmentalimportanceofstudentautonomyandself regulation ofthenecessarytensionbetweensafetyandself discovery 语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文 大学并不是温暖的家 大学时期应该是培养自主性和自我同一性的重要时期 也是孩子脱离父母控制的决定性时期 因此 学校不应该成为像家庭一样让孩子依赖的地方 1 what stheauthor sattitudetowardcontinuedparentalguidancetocollegestudents a sympathetic b disapproving c supportive d neutral 解析观点态度推断题 作者在第一段介绍了大学生缺乏自主性和责任感的现象 第二个分析了两个方面的原因 一是由于现代通讯设备的发展使得大学生可以随时联系父母 父母也可以随时帮助他们 这样大学生仍然是依靠父母 二是大学也变得像家庭一样了 让大学生感觉到了安全 但也失去了自主性 作者的观点是主张大学生要培养自主性和责任感 所以他对于父母的这种作法是持否定态度的 答案b 2 theunderlinedword passage inparagraph2means a changeb choicec textd extension 解析猜测词义题 根据 insteadofpromotingtheideaofcollegeasapassagefromtheshelterofthefamilytoautonomyandadultresponsibility universitieshavegivenintotheideathattheyshouldprovidethesameenvironmentasthatofthehome 中passage后面的from to 可以推知 passage在此句中的意思是 转变 即从家庭的庇护中转变到自主性和成年责任感 答案a 3 accordingtotheauthor whatroleshouldcollegeplay a todevelopasharedidentityamongstudents b todefineandregulatestudents socialbehavior c toprovideasafeworldwithouttensionforstudents d tofosterstudents intellectualandpersonaldevelopment 解析推理判断题 根据第三段和第四段内容可知 大学应该注重大学生在思维和个人方面的发展 答案d 4 whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage i introductionp pointsp sub point 次要点 c conclusion解析文章结构推断题 第一段是引入段 第二段分析导致这种现象的原因 作为p1 第三段开始 作者就如何培养大学生自主性和责任感提出自己的观点 作为p2 一是大学应该是一个探索和尝试的时代 作为sp1 二是大学生要学会如何应对社会 作为sp2 最后一段对作者的观点进行归纳和总结 答案c b 2016 四川 inthedepthsofthefrenchguianeserainforest therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous 土著的 people surprisingly thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms andyet peopleinthisareaareinfactfrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony 殖民地 ofthefrenchrepublicsince1946 intheory theyshouldlivebythefrenchlaw however theirremotelocationsmeanthatthefrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof lawlessness intheworld thelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofafrenchmanfrompariscalledgin ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea whichsitsontheedgeoftheamazon rainforest withhalfitspopulationofonly250 000livinginitscapital cayenne ihaveaspecialloveforthefrenchguianesepeople ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears saysgin i vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem thusihavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment idon tseeitasalawlessland butratheriseeitasanareaoffreedom iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife continuesgin iprefertoworkinblackandwhite whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly hisblack and whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernfrenchrepublic whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare butalsoalcoholism betrayalandevensuicide 语篇解读 本文通过一个名叫gin的摄影记者向人们展示了法国圭亚那人的生活 以及现代法国的生活风格给他们带来的影响 5 whydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinfrenchguiana a theyseldomfollowthefrenchlaw b theyoftenignoretheguianeselaw c theyareseparatedfromthemodernworld d theyarebothguianeseandfrenchcitizens 解析细节理解题 根据第一段第二句 surprisingly thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms 以及最后一句中的 theirremotelocationsmeanthatthefrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown 可知选a项 答案a 6 ginintroducedthespecialworldoftheindigenousguianeseas a atourguideb ageographerc afilmdirectord aphotographer解析推理判断题 根据第四段中的 iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife 可知 他想展示给观众一个摄影记录 由此可以推断 他是一个摄影记者 答案d 7 whatisgin sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousguianese a cautious b doubtful c uninterested d appreciative 解析观点态度题 根据第三段中的 ihaveaspecialloveforthefrenchguianesepeople ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears 可知 他对法国圭亚那人心存感激 故选d项 答案d 8 whatdoestheunderlinedword it inthelastparagraphreferto a themodernfrenchlifestyle b theself supportinghunting c theuncivilizedworld d thefrenchrepublic 解析猜测词义题 根据最后一段最后一句中的 thelifestyleofferedbythemodernfrenchrepublic 可知 后面的定语从句中的it指现代法国的生活风格 故选a项 答案a 作者在文章中不仅客观地进行叙述和说明 往往还持有某种态度 如对某一观点或赞同或反对 或肯定或批评 因此这类题主要考查学生对作者的观点 感情 态度的理解能力 一 观点态度题 设题角度 1 whatistheopinionofthewriterinthispassage 2 what stheauthor sattitudetowards 3 wecaninferthattheauthorofthetextis 4 accordingtothepassage theauthorholdstheviewthat 5 whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheattitudeoftheauthortowards 6 howdidthewriterfeelwhenhesaw 7 whatistheauthor sopinionabout 作者态度观点题考查目标比较明确 题干一般都含有accordingtothewriter attitude opinion believe consider regard等词或短语 常见的选项有 optimistic 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的 approve 赞成 disapprove 不赞成 approval 赞成的 disapproval 不赞成的 objective 客观的 subjective 主观的 positive 积极的 肯定的 negative 消极的 否定的 critical 批判的 挑剔的 doubtful 怀疑的 uncertain 不确定的 hopeful 有希望的 解题策略 作者观点态度题的解题方法 作者的态度和立场一般分为三大类 支持 赞同 乐观 客观 中立 反对 批评 怀疑 悲观 所以 我们在阅读中 要利用词汇情感色彩 推断作者情感态度 每一篇文章都肯定包含作者的某种观点和态度 只不过有的直截了当 有的含而不露 有的通过所用词语的褒贬来体现 此类题可细分为作者态度题 表明作者的好恶 和作者观点题 表明作者对某事物的观点 准确把握作者的情感和态度 需要注意以下几点 1 作者对某一事物的看法 要么支持 要么反对 带中立色彩的词最不可能是正确答案 2 漠不关心类词语一定不对 既然写文章就不会不关心 3 不要把自己的态度揉入其中 也要区分开作者的态度和作者引用的别人的态度 4 当作者的态度没有明确提出时 要学会根据作者使用词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度 5 作者观点一般与文章主旨相关联 6 一般带有绝对化或过于强烈的选项必错 如 strong complete entire enthusiastic等 7 持有保留态度的比较客观 常常是正确选项 典例1 well ihadnothingagainstfeelinggreatandifalexcouldjogeveryday anyonecould soitookupjoggingseriouslyandgaveitagoodtwomonthsofmylife andnotadaymore basedonmyexperience joggingisthemostovervaluedformofexercisearound andjudgingfromthenumberofthepeoplewholeftourneighborhoodjoggingarmy i mnotaloneinmyopinion whatwasthewriter sattitudetowardsjogginginthebeginning a hefeltitwasworthatry b hewasveryfondofit c hewasstronglyagainstit d hethoughtitmustbepainful 解析 本段讲述了作者通过亲自参加jogging 慢跑 锻炼 体会到jogging并不像人们想象中的那么好 他认为自己的锻炼方式也可以达到健身的目的 题目问作者起初对慢跑的看法如何 a 他认为值得一试 b 他非常喜欢这项运动 c 他极力反对这项运动 d 他认为这项运动非常痛苦 从 ihadnothingagainstfeelinggreatandifalexcouldjogeveryday anyonecould 和 soitookupjoggingseriouslyandgaveitagoodtwomonthsofmylife andnotadaymore 两句 我们可以看出作者起初对慢跑并无排斥心理 而且认为值得一试 a项较符合作者的态度 典例2 itwasinatree too thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend bythensomeofushadreachedseventhgradeandhadbeguntheroughrideofadolescence 青春期 inmarch themonthwhenweusuallytooktothewoodsagainafterwinter twofriendsandisetouttogoexploring weclimbedatree andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofusatthesametimethatwereallywereratherbigtobeupinatree soontherewouldbethespringdancesonfridayeveningsinthehighschoolcafeteria howdoestheauthorfeelabouthischildhood a happybutshort b lonelybutmemorable c boringandmeaningless d longandunforgettable 解析 题目问作者如何评价自己的童年 a 快乐却短暂 b 孤单却值得回忆 c 乏味 无趣 d 漫长而又难忘 根据 itwasinatree too thatourdaysoffoolingaroundinthewoodscametoanend 和下句 inmarch 以及下句 andallofasuddenitoccurredtoallthreeofus highschoolcafeteria 可以看出作者是在慨叹童年时光快乐却短暂 答案选a 1 文章结构题 是指那些针对文章的整体篇章结构或某一段落的发展层次所设置的问题 这类题主要考查同学们在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展顺序 所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测 归纳和总结的能力 与主旨大意题和细节理解题考查学生对篇章内容理解能力不同的是 文章结构题主要考查学生对阅读材料的篇章结构和发展脉络的宏观把握 在高考题中 这是一种较为新颖的考查方式 二 文章结构体裁题 设题角度 1 whatistherightorderofthestepsindoing 2 thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby 3 howisthepassagemainlydeveloped 4 theauthoranswersthequestionraisedinthefirstparagraphwith 5 whichofthefollowingpictureshowsthestructureofthepassage 6 inthenextpart theauthorwouldmostprobablydiscusswithyou 7 thispassageisorganizedinthepatternof 8 thepassageisorganizedinorderof 常见的选项有 byclassification bycomparison byexample byprocess byfollowingtheorderoftime byfollowingtheorderofimportance analyzingcauses makingcomparisons examiningdifferencesfollowingthetimeorder timeandevents comparisonandcontrast causeandeffect definitionandclassification etc 2 文章体裁题考查考生对文章的体裁以及文章的出处进行合理判断的能力 设题角度 1 thispassagecanbeclassifiedas 2 thetextismostprobablya 3 wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom 4 w