江苏省南通市启东中学高中英语 Unit 1 The world of our senses素材1 牛津译林版必修3.doc

江苏省南通市启东中学高中英语 unit 1 the world of our senses素材1 牛津译林版必修3i.词语辨析：1. glance / glare / stare / look：均可以解释为“看”，但有区别： glance：vi. / vt. 一瞥，看一眼，扫视，把眼睛投向，后用介词：at, round, over, through. e.g. the teacher glanced round the class and found one boy sleeping. he glanced through the newspaper. she glanced down the list of names but didnt find the one she wanted. glance ones eyes + at / through / over / round ：匆匆看 e.g. i glanced my eyes over the ads to find a suitable job. glance off：一檫而过（没有打中） e.g. the ball glanced off my face and fell into the bushes. glance：n. 瞥视、略视，与at, into, through, over连用。 e.g. a glance at his face and you can tell he is telling a lie. take / give a glance at / over sth. 瞄一眼 e.g. i took a glance at the tv programmes. glare：vi. 瞪着、怒视，与at, on 连用。 e.g. she rose, glaring at the rude waiter. the boy glared at the man, ready to fight. vi. 耀眼、炫目 e.g. the sun glared down on us through the clouds. glare hate / hatred：带着仇恨的目光瞧着 e.g. they glared hate / hatred at each other. stare：vi./ vt.：盯着看，目不转睛地看，凝视，与at连用。 e.g. its rude to stare (at other people) she was staring absently across the water. i stared at the boy for a minute and he calmed down. stare sb. into ：瞪视某人使其 e.g. she stared the children into silence. stare sb. in the face：对直凝视 e.g. he stared me in the face to see whether i was telling the truth. stare sb. up and down：上下打量某人2. beat / hit/ / strike：击、打 beat：反复地击打、击拍，可以指：心跳、鸟拍翅膀、海浪拍岸、雨滴击拍门/窗等。 e.g. every morning, the teacher would beat the desk with his stick and ordered silence. when i heard the astonishing news, my heart beat faster. the rain beat the window and he could hardly slept over the night. hit：打中、击中，强调“中”。 e.g. he hit the boy hard on the head and the boy fell down. the ball nearly hit the car and rolled into the pit. strike：重击，重重地打击。 e.g. he fell down from the tree, struck the ground heavily and fainted. the clock struck five and people in the city knew it was time to go home.3. be linked to / be related to / be connected with ：和有关、与有联系。 be linked (to )：和联系起来、和有联系e.g. if two things are linked, they are related in some waypolice think the murders are linked. some birth defects are linked to smoking during pregnancy. the story of harmon is linked to that of the hexams by the river thames.*be closely/directly/strongly linked e.g. our economy is closely linked with the surrounding countries. be related to ：和有关、有联系、有亲戚关系 e.g. are you related to the rich lady? the young girl is said to be related to the fire last night. the blacks are related to the smiths by marriage. related：相关的、有关系的 e.g. he showed us some writings related to the murder case. he asked me some more questions related to the problem.be connected with ：和有关、有联系。e.g. he was also connected with the government. im no longer connected with the company. the visit of the police was not connected with the lost boy.be connected to：接通电话、电源。e.g. i was again connected to the wrong person.4. still / quiet / silent still：修饰环境时，指完全没有声音；修饰人时，指一动不动；还可以修饰物，强调物体位置未发生转移。 e.g. after that, all was still. stand still while im taking your picture. quiet：修饰环境时，指没有吵闹干扰；修饰人时，指性情温和、安静，有时也指人闲散、不活动。 e.g. it was a warm, quiet and drowsy afternoon. she is a quiet girl at school and we all like her. silent：寂静的、无声的，沉默的、不发音的。 e.g. it was silent in the classroom. cats walk on silent feet. her cough broke the silence and everyone else looked in her direction.5. pay back / pay off / pay for / pay up pay back：偿还 e.g. when will you pay my money back? he is now out of work and could not pay back the loan.pay off：全部还清、得到报偿:e.g. i paid off all the money last week. i feel all my work has paid off. pay for：付的款，常用句型： pay (sb.) money for (doing) sth. e.g. have you paid (money) for the book? i paid him 50 yuan for helping me with my work.pay up：付清、缴清e.g. you can pay up my money in three months.ii.重点词语和句型1. sense：n. 感觉、知觉，意义：common sense：常识；a / the sense of ：感/觉 e.g. the five senses are sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. dogs have a keen sense of smell. it is believed that some people have a sixth sense. in a sense：在某种意义上、多少有点 e.g. in a sense, he is brave; in another sense, he is a coward. make sense：有意义、讲得通 e.g. what he said didnt make any sense. there is (no) sense in / of (doing) sth.：做某事（没）有意义。 e.g. there is no sense in punishing him. vt. 感觉到、意识到，相当于feel。 e.g. in the dark room, he sensed someone had smoked a minute ago. the dog sensed danger and barked. senseless：不省人事的、失去知觉的。fall senseless：晕倒2. observe：vt. / vi. 观察、专心致志地看、注意到 e.g. we observed attentively and soon we could do it ourselves. the old lady observed the children playing with interest. his neighbours observed a stranger go(ing) into his house. i observed that three students were asleep during the class.3. rest：n. 1) 休息 have a good rest：好好休息 2) 其余的人或物，后接of短语。 e.g. he showed me the rest of the article. where are the rest of the students?the rest：其余的、余下的，可代替可数名词和不可数名词。e.g. some students are here, the rest are on the playground. most water has been polluted, the rest is fit to drink. i have read part of the book, the rest is to be finished in a week. vt. / vi. 休息 e.g. he rested a good rest in bed. the boy rested his head on the desk and soon fell asleep.4. nowhere：无处、到处都没有=not anywhere e.g. she went nowhere yesterday but stayed home sleeping. the keys were nowhere to be found. nowhere else on the earth can you see so beautiful a view.5. deserted：adj. 1)无人居住的、无人通行的：a deserted house, a deserted island e.g. the streets were deserted. the old mine now stands completely deserted .2) 被遗弃/抛弃的：deserted wife / husband / child etce.g. he felt guilty at deserting his wife who is mentally ill.he married the beautiful lady in poverty, but deserted her when he made fortune.6. sight：n. (see的名词形式）1）视力、目光 e.g. have good / poor sight：视力好/ 差near / short sight：近视；in sight：在视野里lose sight of：不再看见lose ones sight：失明 e.g. after the illness, he lost his sight.catch sight of ：看见、发现 e.g. she caught sight of her mother in the crowd. 2) 风景、景致、景色 = scenee.g. rainbow in the sky is a beautiful sight.7. rough：粗糙的、表面不平的、（毛发）蓬乱的、粗暴的、波涛汹涌的 e.g. rough paper, rough hand/skin, rough weather, the car was going slowly along the rough road.he used many rough words when talking to others. most passengers will be seasick when the sea is rough.8. brush：n. 刷子、毛刷、毛笔、画笔 e.g. a hair brush, a toothbrush, a paint brush, vt. 用刷子刷、拂、擦、刮 e.g. he brushed the coat with this brush. do you brush your teeth every day? gentle winds brushed our faces.9. fear：n. 恐惧(u)、不安(c)、敬畏(u) e.g. he showed no fear when facing danger / in face of danger. i have no fear of water and dare to swim in a sea. have a fear of：对害怕 e.g. dogs have a great fear of fire. there is no fear of earthquakes here. have fears that ：担心一事。 e.g. we have fears that we may lose the game if not well prepared. for fear of / that：以免、唯恐、以防 e.g. close all the windows for fear of catching a cold. she stored quantities of water for fear that the pipes would be frozen. in fear of：忧虑 e.g. in fear of ones life vt. / vi：害怕、担心 e.g. the young man feared nothing, so he said what he wanted to say. we fear that she may miss her train and cant get here on time. i do not fear for his health, but for his safety. i fear that = im afraid e.g. i fear that / im afraid that he will fail the driving test. it may rain in the afternoon, i fear / im afraid.10. wish for：盼望、企盼、希求 e.g. every girl wishes for eternal beauty. what else do you wish for when you have such a happy family? we should wish for the best while prepare for the worst. how i wish：若是该多好呀！ e.g. how i wish i could have a daughter like yours!11. reach：vt. 有多种意思： 1）到达、得到、使明白 e.g. after two hours drive, we reached the village. your letter reached me yesterday afternoon. one day she suddenly reached my understanding. 2) 伸手够着 e.g. can you reach the top of the door? vi. 有多种搭配1) reach out：伸出 e.g. the poor man reached out his hand to take the money. he reached out his leg suddenly to make the passing girl fall down. 2) reach for伸手去取 （与连用） e.g. all the children reached for the candies. 3)（势力、范围等）扩展、延伸 e.g. the river reaches eastwards to the sea. the park reaches as far as the river bank. reach：n.“伸手够得到的地方”，常用短语： within ones reach：在某人伸手够得着的地方； out of ones reach：在（某人的）手所不能及的地方； beyond ones reach：意思同 out of ones reach： e.g. the medicine is beyond my reach. next time please put it within my reach.12. watch out (for)：留意、留心、密切注意 e.g. watch out! the man has a knife. watch out for cars while crossing the road. watch out for a tall man in black.*look out (for)：当心、注意、提防、用心找 e.g. when you walk through the trees, youd watch out for snakes. “look out for the train,” the sign at the railway crossing warns im looking out for mistakes in the article. 两个短语可互用。13. rare：adj. 稀有的、珍贵的、罕见的 e.g. a rare book： a rare insect in rare cases snow is quite rare in this place. it is rare for sb. to do sth.：某人做某事是很难得的/少见的/奇怪的。 e.g. its rare for him to be scolded by the manager. its rare for you to be late for school. what happened to you? rare and：非常、很=very= good and e.g. i was rare and hungry. he is good and tired.14. freeze：vi./vt. 冻、冻结、将冷冻 e.g. water freezes at 0. i froze while waiting for the bus. please freeze the meat and fish in the fridge. the cold has frozen the road hard some old men were frozen dead last winter. freezing：很冷的、冰点 e.g. the weather can be freezing cold in harbin in winter. some animals will go to sleep when temperature is below freezing point. be frozen with / at / by：因/被而呆住 e.g. we were frozen with terror when we heard the news. the children were frozen at the sight of the snake.15. personally：1) 亲自地、由本人= in person e.g. if you want to get the job, you should apply for it personally. our president personally answered the letter. 2) 就自己而言、就人而论e.g. personally, ill agree to your plan. he is a good teacher, but he is not liked personally. 3) 私下地 = secretly e.g. she told me about her plan personallyhe gave some money to his mother personally every time he went home alone.16. reduce：减少、降低 reduce sth. increase sth.：增加 e.g. the factory brought in new technology to reduce cost. she is taking exercise to reduce her weight. reduced by：减少了 e.g. she reduced her weight by 5 kg in just a month. reduced to：1)减少到 2) 使成为，迫使人（陷入不佳状态） e.g. our daily cost is now reduced to 500 yuan a month. the war reduced the city to ruins. she was reduced to a thief. hunger reduced him to begging / a beggar17. sniff：vt. 1)（低声地）用鼻子嗅、闻出 e.g. he sniffed the medicine and his cough stopped instantly. please sniff this lovely perfume. youll like and even buy it. the thieves sniffed dander and stopped their action. 2) 傲气又埋怨地说 e.g. “i expected something rather better”, the lady sniffed. sniff at：嗅、闻 e.g. the dog sniffed suspiciously at the stranger.18. add：加、增加 add a to b：把a加入b e.g. he added some salt to the soup to make it more delicious. add an article to the sentence and it will be correct. add to：增添 e.g. his coming to help add to our confidence. her being ill added to their difficulty. add sth. up：把加起来。 e.g. if you add these numbers up, you will know the result. i have added up my debts and they came to 5000 yuan in all. add up to：总计达 e.g. his exam results added up to 719 fen. the money in his pockets added up to no more than 30 dollars. add还可解释为：又说、补充说。 e.g. after a minutes he added, “no, i wont agree to you plan.” the visitors expressed their satisfaction, adding they would come to visit again.iii. 语法点拨：名词性从句（一）名词性从句分为：1、主语从句 2、宾语从句 3、表语从句 4、同位语从句。引导词：连接代词what，who，whom，whose，which，wh- ever；连接副词when，where，why，how，that，if，whether。 what，who，whom，whose，which，when，where，why，how，if，whether等引导的从句往往含有质疑或疑问；而that引导的从句表示一种事实或陈述的内容。注意点：1）无论什么从句，必须用陈述句顺序； 2）从句的时态与主句的时态要保持一致。1、主语从句：在主语位置上的句子叫主语从句。在主语从句中，引导词that不能省略。 主语从句不能用if引导。为了避免由于主语从句过长而引起的头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句移到句子末尾。e.g. what he said is against the truth. where he bought the book is still a secret. who will come to teach us english is a question. that we will have an english test tomorrow is a story made up by him. it is still not known whether we will have the meeting or not.2、宾语从句：在宾语位置上的句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句分：动词宾语、介词宾语动词宾语从句注意点： 1）从句的引导词that一般可省略，但当有多个that引导宾语从句时，that不能省略。 e.g. he told me that he was from the north, that he came here for a visit and that he would stay for two weeks. 2) 表示“是否”时，可用if 或whether, 但当与or not连用时，只用 whether, 不用if。 e.g. he asked me if / whether i could help him with his study. we wonder whether he would come for the meeting or not. 介词宾语从句注意点： 1）从句的引导词不能省，连that也不能省。 e.g. the problem is in that the accident may turn into a disaster if not well dealt with. 2) 表示“是否”时，只用 whether, 不用if。 e.g. we are talking about whether we will have the meeti