高考英语语法——定语从句讲解及练习.doc

高考英语语法专题定语从句1. 定语从句的几个基本概念： 1) 先行词：即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词，通常位于定从的前面。2) 先行词在从句中担当成份：根据不同成份，用相应的关系代词或关系副词。3) 关系代词：即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。 作主语：指物，则用that, which引导，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引导，不省略。 作宾语：即及物动词宾语和介词宾语： 指物，用that, which引导，可省略；指人，用that, who, whom引导，可省略。 注意：如将介词提到了定从之首，先行词指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用which。 作表语：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省略。 作定语：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。4) 关系副词：即先行词在定从中作状语，指时间用when, 地点用where, 原因用why，亦可用介词+which替代。所谓作状语：即先行词不能直接放入从句中，需要有一个介词连接，而从句中却没有这个介词。5) 非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。(1) which: 用于指代先行词（物），或整个主句，不能省略。 (2) who / whom: 用于指代先行词（人），不能省略。(3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行词的部分。(4) as为关系代词， “正如、就像”的意思, 引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。注意：在非限制性定从中，不能用that。2. 一些特殊用法：1) 一般只用that引导从句的情况：(1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the only, the very等修饰时； (2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等时；(3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时； (4) 先行词既有人又有物时；(5) 当句中已有who时，为避免重复。2) 一般只用which引导从句的情况：(1) 引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时； (2) 引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时； (3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which；着眼于各个成员，用who； (4) 替代某些固定短语中的指示代词，如this, that等, 引导定从。3) 由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况： (1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which则没有此意； (2）当先行词前有the same，such修饰时，或在 “so / asas”结构中，表示“那样以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句； (3) 在suchas结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在suchthat结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。4) 当way作先行词时，可用that, in which或省略引导定从5) 当先行词为situation, case, point, job, condition等时，常用where引导定从。6) 当先行词为one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用复数动词； 当先行词为the (only)one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用单数动词；定语从句1. Robert went to Shanghai in his twenties _ several years later, he became a company director. A. when B. where C. which D. who2. The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the boy _ parents had been killed in an accident. A. whose B. who C. with whom D. his3. Last week our school put on an English play _ Jim acted an important part. A. which B. when C. where D. what4. The boss, _company Ma King worked ten years ago, looked down upon women. A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose5. Hangzhou, _ we paid a visit last spring, is one of the most beautiful cities in China. A. which B. where C. to there D. from which6. Many people like to chat online, _, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely. A. which B. there C. that D. where7. This is an important subject _ we might argue for a long time. A. about it B. with which C. about which D. with it8. These old pictures bring to their mind the college days _ they spent together, _ life was hard but happy. A. which; when B. when; which C. which; which D. when; when9. The reason _ he gave for his second visit to the city was simply _ he admired the sights here so much. A. why; that B. why; why C. which; that D. which; why10. A new type of car is on sale on the market, _ makes it attractive to young people. A. its low price B. what low price C. the low price of which D. the low price of it11. It is in the factory _ youre going to pay a visit to _ this kind of computer is made. A. /; that B. where; that C. /; where D. that; which12. We are in a difficult situation _ we dont develop new products, we will end up closing our doors. A. if B. where C. if where D. where if13. Mr. Wilson has been to many cities in China, _he thinks, Shanghai has impressed him most. A. with which B. in which C. of which D. on which14. You can hardly imagine the rate _ his car has been running on the freeway. A. with which B. to which C. at which D. for which15. Sometimes our success depends on _ we are lucky or not and sometimes it depends on the manner _we conduct our life.A. whether; of which B. whether; in which C. that; by which D. that; for which16. Its dangerous for you to use a kind of medicine _. A. that you are allergic to B. that is allergic to you C. which is allergic for you D. which you are allergic for17. Such people _ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the soup he specially made for them, _ made him upset. A. who; that B. as; that C. who; which D. as; which18. I often think of the hours _ I stayed with you, _ have a great effect on my life. A. /; which B. which; who C. which; that D. when; which19. I shall never forget those days _ I lived in the city with the workers, _ has had a great effect on my life. A. which; that B. which; which C. when; which D. when; who20. This is one of the most exciting football games _ I have ever seen. A. where B. that C. what D. which21. We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools _ we had visited there. A. which B. whom C. who D. that22. The girl _ we met yesterday is a film star, _ played the leading role in the film _we saw last time. A. when; who; which B. that; that; / C. /; who; / D. that; that; that23. It is the second school _ I used to work at, many teachers of _ still have a good relation with me. A. which; that B. where; that C. that; that D. that; which24. _ was known to them, the manager had broken his promise _ he would give them a rise. A. As; what B. It; that C. It; what D. As; that25. When you visit his family, you may chat for an hour or so, _ not even a cup of coffee or a glass of water is offered. A. by this time B. by which time C. during this time D. during which time26. There are some cases _ students obviously know the school rules but dont obey them. A. why B. where C. as D. which27. The expert offered us another piece of advice, _ of great help to our program. A. I think it is B. I think which is C. which I think it is D. which I think is28. He hid in a nearby palm tree, _ he could see the patrols searching for him. A. from where B. from which C. there D. which29. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”A. that B. which C. where D. what30. They lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that night began to fall.A. it B. which C. that D. what31. _ medicine works in a human body is a question _ not everyone can understand fully. A. How; that B. That; which C. That; which D. What; that32. All the neighbors admire this family, _the parents are treating their child like a friend. （2008年高考安徽卷） A. why B. where C. which D. that33. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. （2008年高考福建卷） A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which34. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example. （2008年高考四川卷） A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which35. We went through a period _communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008年高考上海卷)A. which B.whose C. in which D. with which36. The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. （2008年高考陕西卷） A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. the hands of which37. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. （2008年高考山东卷）A. who B. which C. why D. when38. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. 2008年高考江苏卷A. whichB. whatC. that D. where39. In China, the number of cities is increasing _ development is recognized across the world. (2010年高考重庆卷)A. whereB. whichC. whose D. that40. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010年高考浙江卷)A. whom B. which C. them D. those41. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. (2010年高考全国卷)A. which B. where C. what D. that42. - Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?-You should try the barbers I go. Its only 15. (2010年高考天津卷)A. as B. which C. where D. that43. After graduating from college，I took some time off to go traveling, _ turned out to be a wise decision(2010年高考四川卷)w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o mA. that B. which C. when D. where44. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. (2010年高考上海卷)A. on which B. by which C. to which D. from which45. The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. (2010年高考陕西卷)A. where B. which C. its D. whose46. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. (2010年高考山东卷)A. that B. which C. whose D. What47. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. (2010年高考全国卷)A. who B. that C. as D. what48. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. (2010年高考江西卷)A. where B. who C. which D. what49. The newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010年高考江苏卷)A. that B. it C. what D. which 50. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually. (2010年高考福建卷)A. that B. where C. which D. whose51. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010年高考湖南卷) A. who B. where C. when D. which52. Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (2010年高考北京卷)A. what B. whose C. which D. that53. My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. (2009年高考全国卷II)A. which B. that C. where D. it54. -What do you think of teaching, Bob?-I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. (2009年高考北京卷)A. where B. which C. when D. that 55. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. (2009年高考天津卷)A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever56. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. (2009年高考天津卷)A. as B. which C. when D. though57. Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. (2009年高考四川卷)A. that B. which C. where D. when 58. All the neighbors admire this family, _the parents are treating their child like a friend. (2008年高考安徽卷) A. why B. where C. which D. that59. Many children, _ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village. (2009年高考安徽卷)A. their B. whose C. of them D. with whom60. Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009年高考山东卷) A. who B. which C. when D. that 61.Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. (2009年高考陕西卷)A. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 62. The house I grew up _ has been taken down and replaced by an office building. (2009年高考江西卷)A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 63. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.(2009年高考江苏卷)A. if B. when C. which D. since64. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind. (2009年高考湖南卷)A. which B. of which C. that D. whose65. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. (2009年高考福建卷)A. that B. when C. which D. where 66. Theyve won their last three matches，_I find a bit surprising. (2009年高考辽宁卷) A. that B. when C. what D. which 67. I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (2009年高考浙江卷) A. which B. where C. how D. why68. Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed The Magic Flute are both museums now. (2009年高考上海卷)A. where B. when C. there D. which69. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. (2009年高考全国卷) A. them B. who C. whom D. these定语从句解析1. 【解析】答案为B。where引导的是定语从句，修饰的是Shanghai。句意：Robert二十几岁时去了上海，在那里几年后，他成了一个公司主管。2. 【解析】答案为A。whose 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the boy。句意：那对好心的夫妇决定收养那个父母在事故中死亡的孩子。3. 【解析】答案为C。本题考查定语从句。act a part in a play在戏剧中扮演角色。该句中play为先行词，介词in后需用which来引导定语从句，而in which相当于where.4. 【解析】答案为C。whose company Ms. King worked in是一个定语从句，修饰boss。本句中介词in提到关系代词前。5. 【解析】答案为B。pay a visit to . 参观 / 游览（某地），where we paid a visit last spring是非限制性定语从句，补充说明Hangzhou的情况，其中，where相当于to which。6. 【解析】答案为D。where引导定语从句，修饰先行词online；where在从句中作地点状语，意思是“在网络上”。as most of them think作插入语。7. 【解析】答案为C。argue (with sb.) about / over sth. 关于某事与某人争吵。本句为包含定语从句的主从复合句，介词about提到了关系代词前。8. 【解析】答案为A。which引导定语从句修饰days，因为从句中spent是及物动词，所以选which作宾语。when也引导定语从句，修饰days，因为句子结构完整，所以when在句中作时间状语。9. 【解析】答案为C。which在定语从句中作gave的宾语; 第二空的that引导表语从句。10. 【解析】答案为C。 该句是由which引导的非限定性定语从句，which代替先行词a new type of car，C选项相当于whose low price。11. 【解析】答案为A。第一空考查定语从句的引导词， 先行词是物，可用that或which,因为在从句作to 的宾语，that和which可省略；第二空为强调句的引导词，只能用that。12. 【解析】答案为D。定语从句的先行词为situation，表示抽象地点，所以从句要用关系副词where来引导；定语从句中又包含有一个状语从句，因此选D。13. 【解析】答案为C。根据句子结构可看出是对定语从句的考查，which指代先行词cities，of which表示范围，“在去过的城市中”。14. 【解析】答案为C。“介词 + 关系代词”引导定语从句，at which中的which指代前面的rate，它前面一般加介词at表示“以速度”。15. 【解析】答案为B。第一空构成whether . or not 结构，表示“是否”；第二空缺定语从句的引导词，该定语从句的先行词是表示方式的manner，而表示“以某种方式”用in a manner，所以第二空应用in which。16. 【解析】答案为A。be allergic to sth. (某人)对过敏,medicine为先行词,关系代词可用that或which。17. 【解析】答案为D。此题考查such (.) as结构，这里as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句。18. 【解析】答案为D。_ I stayed with you是定语从句，修饰先行词the hours，关系代词在定语从句中作时间状语，因此用when。由于第二空引导的是非限制性定语从句，所以用which，指代前面整个主句。19. 【解析】答案为C。第一空用when引导定语从句，在句中作状语，先行词为those days；第二空用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代those days when I lived . workers。20. 【解析】答案为B。当先行词有最高级修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that，不能用which。21. 【解析】答案为D。the teachers and the schools是先行词,包含人和物，用that引导。22. 【解析】答案为C。考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能用that；关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。23. 【解析】答案为D。第一空填that，是因为先行词用序数词修饰；第二空填which，考查“介词 + which”引导定语从句的用法。24. 【解析】答案为D。本句话的意思为：正如大家所知道的，经理违背了他说要给他们加工资的诺言。第一空填as，用来引导非限制性定语从句，as用来代替后一句话的意思；第二个空后的句子用来说明promise的具体内容，起补充说明的作用，是同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故选that。25. 【解析】答案为D。先行词为an hour or so。本句中during which time引导非限制性定语从句，意为“在此一小时左右的时间内”。26. 【解析】答案为 B。situation, case和point作先行词，后跟定语从句时，若这几个词在从句中作状语，则定语从句常用where引导。27. 【解析】答案为D。I think在从句中作插入语， which是定语从句的主语。28. 【解析】答案为 A。本题考查from where引导的定语从句，此处from where相当于from in a nearby palm tree。句意为：他藏在附近的一颗棕榈树里，从那里可以看到搜查他的巡逻队。29. C。句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？30. D。what made matters worse 是主语从句(注意其后有谓语动词was)，相当于 the thing that made matters worse。31. A。how 引导主语从句，that 引导同位语从句。32. 【解析】答案为B。该空中需用关系副词，在从句中作地点状语从句修饰先行词this family，；选项A. why作关系副词只能修饰先行词the reason；选项C和D是关系代词，不合题意。33. 【解析】答案为D。考查非限制性定语从句中介词的搭配。一道罕见的彩虹出现在Mount Qomolangma的上方。appeared a rare rainbow为倒装形式。34. 【解析】答案为C 非限制性定语从句，从句还原后成为 “New York is an example of many cities”，所以选择介词of。35. 【解析】答案为C。Period后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语，要用when, 而此题中没有when,所以要选择in which相当于in the period,表示时间，作句中的状语。36. 【解析】答案为D。从四个选项的设置不难看出是考察介词加关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。再从先行词watch可看出是指物，可排除A和B。C项中关系代词应放在介词之后，如改为of which the hands 也是可以的。选D，意为“钟的指针是用小钻石做成的。37. 【解析】答案为D。本句为分隔性定语从句，即先行词与其后面的从句分开，occasions为先行词，表示“时间，时机”，所以后面要用when引导定语从句。38. 【解析】答案为A。 题意：最近，在英国的一次旅行中，我们访问的那家科学博物馆是英国的游览胜地之一。这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Museum，是地点名词，是主句的主语又充当从句的宾语。39.【解析】答案C。考查定语从句。development与先行词cities之间是所属关系，所以选whose。句意是：在中国，城市的数量在增加，城市的发展是全世界都认识到的。40.【解析】答案A。本题考查定语从句引导词。由many之前的逗号和选项特征，此处是主从句关系，排除C、D项。由于先行词是“1,000 people”，表示人，故用whom。句意为：这里居住着将近1000人，他们中的许多人都背井离乡去城市追求更好的生活。41.【解析】答案A。考查定语从句。”先行词为“a village school”， which在此引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语。句意为：“童年时杰克在一个乡村学校里上学，这个学校是以他祖父的名字命名的。42.【解析】答案C。考查定语从句。句中the barbers 是先行词，从句中go 是不及物动词，所选关系代词在从句中作状语，所以要用where。句意是：-你能相信我理一次发得花30美元吗？-你应该到我去的那家理发店试试，只需要15美元。43.【解析】答案B。考查定语从句。此处应为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前边整个句子。句意为：大学毕业后，我们休假一段时间去旅游，这结果证明是一个明智的决定。44.【解析】答案C。考查介词加疑问词引导的定语从句。这里是介词+which的用法。= Wind power is an ancient source of energy which that we may return to in the near future。句意为：风能是古时候使用的一种能源，我们也许在不远的将来还要使用这种能源。45.【解析】答案D。考查定语从句。 Whose后面的roof和主语the old temple是所属关系。句意为：这座在暴风雨中毁坏的古庙的顶现正在修缮。46.【解析】答案C。考查定语从句的引导词。空格处引导定语从句并且在从句中作定语使用，所以使用whose。句意为: 那就是那台零部件小得几乎看不见的新机器。47.【解析】答案B。考查定语从句。不定代词something作主语，用that引导。句意为：我拒绝接受由于其他人的过错所带来的责备。48.【解析】答案A。考查定语从句。 先行词为centre, she would stay for an hour 不缺宾语或主语, 故要填状语, 表地点用where。句意为：这个女孩打算在训练中心和她姐姐一起学钢琴，在那里她要呆一小时。49.【解析】答案D。考查定语