黑龙江省肇源县中考英语 现在完成时态课件.ppt

现在完成时 thepresentperfecttense 一构成 have has 动词过去分词 pp 肯定主语 have has pp否定主语 have hasnot pp疑问have has 主语 pp 其他 yes 主 have has no 主 haven t hasn t ihavefinishedmyhomework ihavenotfinishedmyhomework haveyoufinishedyourhomework yes ihave no ihaven t shehasbeentoeurope shehasn tbeentoeurope hasshebeentoeurope yes shehas no shehasn t 1 规则动词 与过去时变化相同 1 一般 edwork worked worked 2 以 e 结尾 d live lived lived 3 辅音字母 y 结尾 y变i ed cry cried cried 4 重读闭音节结尾 辅元辅 双写后 ed drop dropped dropped2 不规则动词 见不规则表 p120 动词过去分词 pp 变化规则 二含义及用法 1表示过去发生的动作或事情 对现在的影响和产生的结果 常用的关键词 yet 否 疑 already已经ever never曾经 从来不just刚刚before以前recently lately最近inthepast last5years过去五年bynow sofar uptonow tillnow迄今once twice 一次 all inone slife某人一生 1 already 肯定句 己经 一般疑问句 句末 表示惊讶的语气 难道 haveyouhadbreakfastalready 表示强调 i vealreadyhadbreakfast 更常见 i vehadbreakfastalready 注 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时 判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词 eg she salreadyeightyyearsold itwasalreadyverylate 2 yet 否定句 句末 还 没 疑问句 句末 己经 haveyouhadbreakfastyet ihaven thadbreakfastyet 注意 当在肯定句中含already或just 变否定时 在句末加yet ihaven tseenthefilmyet motherhasjustcleanedthehouse motherhasn tcleanedthehouseyet ihavealreadyseenthefilm 3 ever 肯定句 疑问句 句中 曾经 i veeverbeentobeijing haveyoueverbeentobeijing 4 never 否定句 句中 从来没有 i veneverbeentobeijing 注 带ever的肯定句变否定句时 将ever变never hehasevermademeal havetheyevertravelledbytrain no never hehasnevermademeal 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用 no never 5 just 用于句中 表示 刚刚 i vejusthadbreakfast whathavetheyjustdone 6 before 用于句末 表示 以前 i veseenitbefore hassheriddenabikebefore before与ago just与justnow before表示现在看来的 以前 常单独用于现在完成时中 一般不与表示一段时间的词语连用 而ago表示在过去某时间的 以前 常用 一段时间 ago 的形式 与过去时连用 just常与现在完成时连用 多用于句中助动词之后修饰谓语动词 justnow多与一般过去时连用 一般用于句末 如 haveyoumethimbefore 你以前见过他吗 mybrothermetherinthestreettwodaysago 我哥哥两天前在街上遇到了她 ihavejusthadbreakfast 我刚吃过早餐 shehadbreakfastjustnow 她刚吃了早餐 a yourbrother anewwatch buy b notyet keywords hasbought yet a youever tothepark be b yes ihave keywords havebeen yet ever i never ofanythinglikethat hear keywords haveheard yet ever never tom inthefactorysinceheleftschooltenyearsago work keywords hasworked yet ever never since a howlong you inthisschool teach b for6years keywords havetaught yet ever never since for i just thedesk youcantakeittoyourclassroom mend keywords havemended yet ever never since for just you theforbiddencity 紫禁城 before visit keywords havevisited yet ever never since for just before he already ajob find keywords hasfound yet ever never since for just before already we only thefirstfivequestionssofar discuss keywords havediscussed yet ever never since for just before already sofar they over20 000fruittreesuptonow plant keywords haveplanted yet ever never since for just before already sofar uptonow greatchanges inbeijinginthepast10years takeplace keywords havetakenplace yet ever never since for just before already sofar uptonow inthepast10years he alotofgoodthingsinhislife do keywords hasdone yet ever never since for just before already sofar uptonow inthepast10years inhislife i herlately notsee keywords haven tseen yet ever never since for just before already sofar uptonow inthepast10years inhislife lately i himrecently nothearfrom keywords haven theardfrom yet ever never since for just before already sofar uptonow inthepast10years inhislife lately recently he inthiscityeversincethen live keywords haslived yet ever never since for just before already sofar uptonow inthepast10years inhislife lately recently eversincethen he inthishighschooltillnow teach keywords hastaught yet ever never since for just before already sofar uptonow inthepast10years inhislife lately recently eversincethen tillnow 2 表示一个从过去开始 一直持续到现在的动作或状态 通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用 注意 动词延续性 1 for ihavebeenherefor5weeks he sstudiedenglishfor3years shehasworkedfor10hours 一段时间 2 since 过去的 时间点 ihavebeenheresince2000 hehasworkedasalawyersince5yearsago they velivedincqsincetheymarriedin2000 注1 since也可单独使用 表示 自那时起 另外since前也可加上ever 以加强语气 ihavebeenhere ever sincethen 注2 对for或since引导的时间状语提问用howlong ihavelivedherefor10years howlonghaveyoulivedhere shehasstoodheresince2hourago howlonghasshestoodhere 注3 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用 也不能用于howlong问句中 误 ihaveleftfor5years 正 ihavebeenawayfor5years 短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换 短暂性 短动词 动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用 但是他可以转换成相应的延续性 长动词 动词 leave come go to arrive at in get to reach buy borrow finish join start begin die close open return marry become beaway from be in at be in at be in at be in at have keep beover bein bea an beon bedead beclosed beopen beback bemarried be pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect shehasboughtthecomputerfortwoyears had pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect howlonghaveyoucometotheunitedstates beenin pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect annhasgonetochinasincethreemonthsago beenin pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect ihavegottoparisforoneweek beenin pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect mybrotherhasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears beenin beenasoldier pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect ihaveleftshanghaifor3days beenawayfor3days pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect ihaveborrowedthedictionarysince3daysago kept pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect thefilmhasbegunfor10minutes beenon pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect theconcerthasfinishedforhalfanhour beenover pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect hisdoghasdiedfortwoyears beendead pleasepointoutanymistakesandcorrect shehasmarriedforsixyears beenmarried eg a hehasborrowedmyenglishbookfortwodays false b hehaskeptmyenglishbookfortwodays true a ihaveboughtthenewdresssincelastmonth false b ihavehadthenewdresssincelastmonth true a theyhaveleftforhalfanhour youshouldcomeearlier false b theyhavebeenawayforhalfanhour youshouldcomeearlier true a howlonghasthefilmbegin false b howlonghasthefilmbeenon true a heisanunluckyboy hismotherhasdiedforseveralyears false b heisanunluckyboy hismotherhasbeendeadforseveralyears true a hehasjoinedtheleaguesincehecametotheschool false b hehasbeenaleaguemembersincehecametotheschool true 注 非延续性动词用于现在完成时 表示动作已经完成 它不能跟段时间 但它的否定式可以跟段时间状语连用 tomhasleftbeijing hehasborrowedapenfromme tomhasn tleftbeijingsincehecametothiscityin2004 theyhaven tboughtanynewhousesincetheymovedtoshanghai shehasn tboughtanynewclothesforayear 三 have hasgoneto 已经去了或在途中 还没有返回 去了未回来 have hasbeento 曾今去过某地 现在已经回来了 后面可接表示 次数 的状语 去了已回来 have hasbeenin 表示某人 已在某地停留了一段时间 现仍在那里 其后常带表示一段时间的状语 状态 曾经在 现在还在那里 exercises tom在哪儿 他去书店买书了 我在北京待了5年了 jack去过上海两次了 whereistom hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks ihavebeeninbeijingfor5years jackhasbeentoshanghaitwice canyoudistinguish hasgoneto havegoneto havebeento beento beenin hasbeen 四特殊句型1 itis hasbeen 一段时间 since 句子 一般过去时 一段时间 haspassed since 句子 一般过去时 e g itisfiveyearssinceijoinedthearmy fiveyearshaspassedsinceijoinedthearmy 这本书我借了一个月了 iborrowedthisbookamonthago 一般过去时 itis hasbeenamonthsinceiborrowedthebook 句型1it s been 时间since 一般过去 ihavekeptthebookforamonth sinceamonthago 现在完成时 amonthhaspassedsinceiborrowedthebook 句型2时间 passedsince 一般过去时 2 被形容词最高级所修饰的名词后的定语从句 that引导 中 一般用现在完成时态 thisisthemostdeliciousfood that i veevereaten 这是我所吃过的最美味的食物 sheisthemostbeautifulgirl that i veeverseen 她是我见过的最美丽的姑娘 3 itisthefirst secondtime 现在完成时thisis the最高级 名词 that 现在完成时 thisisthefirsttime that i veheardhimsing 这是我第一次听他唱歌 itisthefirsttimethatihaveseensuchabeautifulgirlitwasthethirdtimethattheboyhasbeenlate thisisthebestfilmthati ve ever seen 这是我看过的最好的电影 典型例题 1 doyouknowourtownatall no thisisthefirsttimei here a wasb havebeenc camed amcoming 2 haveyou beentoourtownbefore no it sthefirsttimei here a even comeb even havecomec ever comed ever havecome correcting 1 ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months 2 mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18 3 jackandtomhavelivedheresince5years 4 thefilmhasbeenonsinceihavecome