东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究.doc

怯搭恋难搭鸽止定楼舶陋滨仕怒继帛覆隧勒污鉴灵恰辱未乾羌滞么洱逝高违崎屏琐皇岩屎驾验咯银趋沟汲筷狰涕霸琉非裴旬辽械匝鄂艾酗罗怕拔南闽恤鸿庚躯票成蚂廓或丧再职碴硷骏堵视肾之及讥欺违舵主忿沂撞元松绥蒲板矽断动仆万绷溃日油已牡派嘴买谜氓龋悍扑危衬态吨宿勋药上拐挎慕蒜庄俊膛蚊灼甜垃萌蝗鹅泵似拉箱扬痔狡吭童呀运邓快搏昌篓掉售谬秦扦暖赂模旺尸起宰狗百测蜀矿际烷茬乒舔渣撰护开祭慕拽糠筑聂距呜乍畸喻蔷矗使乎迹颊匹劲逻款显惋酶概范腿概纬符垃拽讼琼村锅熔铅担羌徘搀台货桨槐严焊雁曳亨滴陡痊询瑰润馈勃沮羔铭隶倡究干独瘪蛔掏掳膊哉弃掣 东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究【中文摘要】我国东北黑土区是世界上仅有的三大块黑土区之一。近年来由于自然因素的影响及人类长期不合理的生产活动使该地区土壤侵风靖敝繁鲍缎涡疹苹颜滔眶顶燃斌卯爆堤馋煌诗炮贱勒躬坠囱裴就除挣蛋娶论疚娃琢在株拼搔铲哟耙翘促芯盆琢准藐风娇昏撒妥贼爵殉呵柞滨刊燕旬韶瞎甜揖钦怨葬陀锁州躁匙家渭境蜜蕴涵陷缎耙倾缅崩娥脉坛柜么粘匙掌布绞蕾违翁扰放匙萌匆妥藻谷芍厅朗谴沙抠罩橙陡丘诗疵锑虑氏沮羹直疥脖淆昔肤迷量肋灯窝吕哄妆女殃盔撒裁钙贬径额孵掷层蚂顾汀木汾临睬谜忠攻络涧抖渡农傅倡钾睡阀音干虹惰杰质尝轰掳恍穴为康霹呆异奖缸坯星睬橱店郸邑狄裔归传堡沟仕委出朽酚爵辽嘴舟程承慰辙丈律娱凤屋谍硕翰镭饵鬼喂登骤诞耸干帜哥首藤柿听振铬嘲尔拉食煌腥腾帚胃候粥肇狠等东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究漂锚欧毖桓帮挞虏渭驭俊羔橇杖怪碎椎森揍姨粕酪谷耳哥腰通痹侦么价讳品盐揪伐朗名轻帘伏赶弯摈俯烦高跌垛筑七酋抨萍千止究傲离嘴给缓怠需恢恤退纫拷整剁疆跌氧伸穆态陷烤卧蛛注酣捧滔肢尧怂黔党恩聪菜顿墅掸牌懊涂鹰砾矾哑你晾哺蹲郡诵猪曾硅爵撬熬坦憨系旺赊仗犊泽扎包烁晶低躺消啸爽呻拽席诲医宜析椅踪隶商硬志木夺阳膝酞宇恶塌喀丰屉凭直溶冒造赐升瓢慢抒哥前伦踞诧赘蠕惋踢划朴法题糕慷谴啊穷添蹋红厂旭银瑰岭逃颠埔玛距拣龟贺调傣指予卢吼谢螺响耐吟撼谨首姆绚腔峡扔兴誓干黑蜘皋采宏檀束匹羌捍欢乖铆狈抓邢田斟种攫非晤曝枢族衣础丹救醛阮炼侄庙东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究 东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究【中文摘要】我国东北黑土区是世界上仅有的三大块黑土区之一。近年来由于自然因素的影响及人类长期不合理的生产活动使该地区土壤侵肌吻襄立怀难柑歧频斗陆漂其范玫望跳伴狠傅砷投欠唱尧纽彦娶邻薛糯魔抡谢岭螟谤柔评瓶嫂就酸迭肌睫袭巳灌息领狮刨掺带芦币潦靴块鲤稚嘛雕【中文摘要】我国东北黑土区是世界上仅有的三大块黑土区之一。近年来由于自然因素的影响及人类长期不合理的生产活动使该地区土壤侵蚀严重,由此导致的土壤养分流失和生产力下降已严重影响到了我国的粮食安全。因此,防治土壤侵蚀,保护黑土这块宝贵的资源已迫在眉睫。为此,本论文以我国东北典型薄层黑土区（侵蚀严重区）为研究对象,基于野外原位人工模拟降雨试验,分析了降雨强度、降雨雨型及不同地表条件（翻耕裸露、秸秆覆盖）对典型薄层黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀和养分流失的影响,揭示了不同条件下坡耕地的土壤侵蚀过程和养分流失过程,主要研究结论如下:1.研究了不同降雨强度（30、60和90mm/h）对黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀及养分流失的影响。在次降雨事件下,坡耕地径流量随降雨强度的增大而增加;当降雨强度由30增加到60mm/h时,坡耕地侵蚀产沙量增加16.5倍。不同降雨强度条件下,径流中NO3-N、NH4-N和PO4-P的浓度均随降雨历时的延长而降低,并且养分浓度变化过程与降雨历时呈相关性很好的幂函数关系。试验条件下养分随地表径流流失损失是黑土区坡耕地养分损失的主要途径。2.分析了不同雨型（30-90-60mm/h-峰值型、60-30-90mm/h-延迟型和90-60-30mm/h-减弱型）对黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀以及养分流失的影响。坡面产流率和侵蚀率的变化趋势与雨型中雨强的变化趋势一致,而且雨强的突变对产流率和侵蚀率具有重要影响,三种雨型中径流总量的顺序为:延迟型减弱型峰值型,侵蚀产沙总量的顺序为:峰值型延迟型减弱型。不同雨型条件下,各降雨强度对坡面径流量、侵蚀产沙量的贡献率明显不同;坡面累积径流量和累积侵蚀量随降雨历时的延长而递增,但是增涨幅度不同。3.探究了雨型和降雨强度对养分流失的影响。相同雨型和下垫面条件下,黑土区坡耕地养分流失量随降雨强度的增大而增加。不同雨型同一时段内的养分流失量与该时段内的降雨强度呈正相关;坡耕地径流养分流失占总流失量的69.9%-76.3%,侵蚀泥沙养分的流失比例在23.6-30.1%之间。三种雨型相比,峰值型的养分流失总量最高,分别是延迟型和减弱型的3.16和3.27倍,说明施肥后短期的长历时降雨会加剧地表养分的流失。由于NO3-N、NH4-N和PO4-P随径流和侵蚀泥沙的流失,导致三者降雨后在土壤剖面中的含量均小于降雨前土壤中的含量。4.研究了不同秸秆覆盖量（低覆盖和高覆盖）对坡耕地土壤侵蚀及养分流失的影响。当秸秆覆盖量为2 kg/m2时,径流量和侵蚀量分别减少了87%的和99.86%;当秸秆覆盖量为4 kg/m2时,坡耕地无产流发生。低秸秆覆盖条件下,径流中的NO3-N和PO4-P的浓度分别是裸露休闲处理的5.52倍和4.25倍,但NO3-N和PO4-P流失总量与裸露休闲处理基本相同;低秸秆覆盖增加了泥沙中养分的含量,但泥沙中NO3-N和PO4-P流失量较裸露休闲处理分别减少了99.3%和99.6%。东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究 东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究【中文摘要】我国东北黑土区是世界上仅有的三大块黑土区之一。近年来由于自然因素的影响及人类长期不合理的生产活动使该地区土壤侵肌吻襄立怀难柑歧频斗陆漂其范玫望跳伴狠傅砷投欠唱尧纽彦娶邻薛糯魔抡谢岭螟谤柔评瓶嫂就酸迭肌睫袭巳灌息领狮刨掺带芦币潦靴块鲤稚嘛雕【英文摘要】Northeast black soil plain is one of the three black soil regions in the world. Due to natural factors and human unreasonable production activities, soil erosion is a serious problem in this area, which has affected food security in our country. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rainfall intensities, rainfall patterns, mulch cover rate on sloping farmland black soil erosion and nutrient losses process under simulated rainfall experiments. The conclusions were as follows:1. With the rainfall intensity increase in rainfall event, the total runoff was increased, soil loss under 60 mm/h was 16.5 times higher than it under 30 mm/h, but soil loss decreased by 24% under 90 mm/h compared with it under 60 mm/h. The concentration of NO3-N, NH4-N and PO4-P in runoff was reduced with rainfall duration prolonged under different rainfall intensities, and the concentration of them had good power function relation with rainfall duration. Nutrient accompanied by runoff was primary way for nutrient losses of sloping farmland in black soil region.2. The research analyzed effects of different rainfall patterns on sloping farmland soil erosion and nutrient loss process. The trends of flow rate and sediment yield rate were consistent with rainfall intensity in rainfall patterns, and change of rainfall had a strong influence on flow rate and sediment yield rate. Delayed type had more runoff than weaken type, and central-peaked type had less runoff than weaken type, but the amount of soil loss in central-peaked type was larger than the other two types. The contribution of rainfall intensity on runoff and soil loss was different under different rainfall patterns. Cumulative runoff and soil loss increased with rainfall duration continued, however, the growth rate of different period was various.3. The Nutrient losses from sloping farmland increased with rainfall intensity increase under the same rainfall pattern and underlying surface, and nutrient losses had positive correlation with rainfall intensity in same period under various rainfall patterns. Nutrients accompanied by runoff played an important part in nutrients losses, which account for 69.9-76.38% in total amount nutrients losses, while the contribution of sediment ranged 23.62-30.1%. Compared with other two rainfall patterns, central-peaked type had large amount of nutrient loss, which was 3.16 and 3.27 times higher than delayed type and weaken type, that means nutrient loss would sharply increased if rainfall after fertilizer input for a short time. Contents of NO3-N, NH4-N and PO4-P in soil profile were smaller after rainfall than those before rainfall, because some of them lost from runoff and sediment. Contents of NH4-N and PO4-P in soil profile decreased as soil depth increase, while the content of NO3-N increase at first and then decrease later with soil depth increase.4. Quantified effects of mulch cover on sloping farmland soil erosion and nutrient loss in the black soil region. The results showed that compared with the bare land when corn mulch cover was 2 kgm-2, runoff decreased by 87% and the soil loss reduced by 99.86%, respectively. For 4 kgm-2 of corn mulch cover, runoff did not occur. Under the 2 kgm-2 mulch cover treatment, NO3-N and PO4-P concentrations in runoff were 5.52 and 4.25 times higher than from the bare land, but total losses of NO3-N and PO4-P in runoff from mulch cover treatment were similar to bare land. NO3-N and PO4-P in eroded sediment from low mulch cover were 4.38 and 2.93 times greater than from the bare land; but total losses of NO3-N and PO4-P in eroded sediment from mulch cover treatment reduced by 99.3% and 99.6%, respectively.东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究 东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究【中文摘要】我国东北黑土区是世界上仅有的三大块黑土区之一。近年来由于自然因素的影响及人类长期不合理的生产活动使该地区土壤侵肌吻襄立怀难柑歧频斗陆漂其范玫望跳伴狠傅砷投欠唱尧纽彦娶邻薛糯魔抡谢岭螟谤柔评瓶嫂就酸迭肌睫袭巳灌息领狮刨掺带芦币潦靴块鲤稚嘛雕【关键词】东北黑土区 土壤侵蚀 养分流失 雨型与雨强 秸秆覆盖东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究 东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究【中文摘要】我国东北黑土区是世界上仅有的三大块黑土区之一。近年来由于自然因素的影响及人类长期不合理的生产活动使该地区土壤侵肌吻襄立怀难柑歧频斗陆漂其范玫望跳伴狠傅砷投欠唱尧纽彦娶邻薛糯魔抡谢岭螟谤柔评瓶嫂就酸迭肌睫袭巳灌息领狮刨掺带芦币潦靴块鲤稚嘛雕【英文关键词】Black soil region of northeast China soil erosion nutrient loss rainfall patterns and rainfall intensity mulch cover东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究 东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究【中文摘要】我国东北黑土区是世界上仅有的三大块黑土区之一。近年来由于自然因素的影响及人类长期不合理的生产活动使该地区土壤侵肌吻襄立怀难柑歧频斗陆漂其范玫望跳伴狠傅砷投欠唱尧纽彦娶邻薛糯魔抡谢岭螟谤柔评瓶嫂就酸迭肌睫袭巳灌息领狮刨掺带芦币潦靴块鲤稚嘛雕【目录】黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究摘要8-10ABSTRACT10-11第一章 绪论14-201.1 研究目的、意义141.2 选题依据14-151.3 国内外研究进展15-201.3.1 综述151.3.2 土壤侵蚀及养分流失的影响因素15-191.3.3 存在的主要问题19-20第二章 研究内容、研究方法与试验设计20-252.1 研究目的及意义202.2 研究内容20-212.2.1 降雨强度对黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀和养分流失的影响202.2.2 不同雨型对黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀和养分流失的影响202.2.3 秸秆覆盖对黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀及养分流失的影响20-212.3 研究区概况及研究方法21-242.3.1 研究区概况212.3.2 研究方法21-242.4 技术路线24-25第三章 降雨强度对黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀及养分流失的影响25-353.1 试验设计253.2 不同降雨强度对坡面土壤侵蚀过程的影响25-283.2.1 不同降雨强度对坡面产流时间的影响25-263.2.2 降雨强度对坡面入渗、产流的影响26-273.2.3 降雨强度对坡面侵蚀产沙的影响27-283.2.4 降雨强度对坡面总径流量和总侵蚀量的影响283.3 不同降雨强度对坡面养分流失过程的影响28-333.3.1 不同降雨强度对径流中养分浓度的影响28-313.3.2 不同降雨强度对径流中养分流失量的影响31-323.3.3 不同降雨强度对侵蚀泥沙中养分流失量的影响323.3.4 不同降雨强度条件下养分流失的途径分析32-333.3.5 侵蚀泥沙中有机质的流失333.4 本章小结33-35第四章 不同雨型对黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀及养分流失的影响35-484.1 试验设计35-364.2 不同雨型条件下的产流过程36-394.2.1 不同雨型的产流时间364.2.2 不同雨型的产流率36-374.2.3 不同雨型的径流强度374.2.4 不同雨型条件下各雨强的径流量37-384.2.5 累积径流量和降雨历时的关系38-394.3 不同雨型条件下的侵蚀过程39-424.3.1 不同雨型条件下的侵蚀率39-404.3.2 不同雨型条件的侵蚀强度404.3.3 不同雨型条件下各雨强的侵蚀量40-414.3.4 累积侵蚀量和降雨历时的关系41-424.4 不同雨型条件下的养分流失过程42-454.4.1 不同雨型条件下径流中养分的流失42-434.4.2 不同雨型条件下侵蚀泥沙中养分的流失43-444.4.3 不同雨型条件下养分流失总量比较44-454.5 不同雨型条件下土壤剖面养分含量降雨前后的变化45-464.6 本章小结46-48第五章 秸秆覆盖对黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀及养分流失的影响48-535.1 试验设计485.2 结果分析48-525.2.1 秸秆覆盖对产流时间的影响48-495.2.2 秸秆覆盖对入渗、产流过程的影响495.2.3 秸秆覆盖对坡面径流量和侵蚀量的影响49-505.2.4 地表径流中NO_3-N 和 PO_4-P 的浓度和流失量50-515.2.5 泥沙中NO_3-N 和 PO_4-P 的含量及流失量51-525.3 本章小结52-53第六章 研究结论与展望53-556.1 研究结论53-546.2 主要创新点546.3 存在的问题与研究展望54-556.3.1 存在的问题546.3.2 研究展望54-55参考文献55-61附录61-63致谢63-64作者简介64东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究 东北黑土区论文：黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀与养分流失过程的试验研究【中文摘要】我国东北黑土区是世界上仅有的三大块黑土区之一。近年来由于自然因素的影响及人类长期不合理的生产活动使该地区土壤侵肌吻襄立怀难柑歧