初一上学期英语知识点梳理.doc

2008-2009初一上学期英语知识点梳理 冠词*要点提示：单数可数名词不可单独使用，要在词前加冠词a, an, the或者物主代词(my等)。 请试着从下列例句中找出冠词的使用规律1. _Can I have _ apple?2. _She is _ English teacher.3. _ car over there is fast.4. _ teacher is very good, isnt he?5. _6. _-Look at _ picture on the wall. Is it nice?-Yes, its _ nice picture7. _8. _I live in _ house. _ house is quite old and has four bedrooms.9. _10. _I ate in _ Chinese restaurant. _ restaurant was very good.11. _I like _ Russian tea.12. _She likes reading _ books.13. _He has _ breakfast at home.14. _I go to _ university.15. _He comes to work by _ taxi.16. _He enjoys playing _ football and _ piano.17. _The movie theater is on _ right, opposite _ clothing store.18. _We have sports meeting in _ October every year. 19. _Teachers Day is on _ September 10. 可数名词复数形式1. 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 读音变化：结尾是清辅音读s，结尾是浊辅音或元音读z。 例：friendfriends; catcats; stylestyles; sportsports; piecepieces 2. 凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读音变化：统一加读iz。 例：busbuses; boxboxes; matchmatches; peachpatches 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读z。 例：strawberrystrawberries; babybabies; familyfamilies; ladyladies; storystories4. 以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 读音变化：加读z。 例：tomatotomatoes; potatopotatoes; 反例：kilokilos; pianopianos（外来词）; photophotos; 5. 以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音f改读vz。 例：knifeknives; lifelives; leafleaves; scarfscarves 反例：roofroofs (屋顶)6. 部分单词的复数形式不变。 读音变化：保持原音。 例：fishfish; sheepsheep; cattlecattle; deerdeer; 7. 没有任何规律。 读音变化：没有规律。 例：manmen; womanwomen; childchildren; personpeople; footfeet; goosegeese; toothteeth 8. 另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多 例： clothes; pants; shorts; trousers; sales；scissors剪刀9. 复合名词compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示 例：daughter-in-lawdaughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-lawfathers-in-law岳父 son-in-lawsons-in-law 10. 除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters liter, liters kilogram, kilograms kilos, a pound, a few pounds不可数名词 例： water; coffee; tea; soda; juice; milk; cooking oil; soup; ketchup; ice cream; flour; sugar; salt; rice; meat; chicken; cheese; soap; butter; salad; furniture家具; news; traffic交通; bread; garlic; money; food; drink; fruit; vegetable;若表达具体数目，要借助1. 数量词(具体的数量)和2. 限定词（笼统的数量） n.(可数)n.(不可数)很多（肯定句）A lot of, lots of一些Some, any,具体数目one, two, three, a dozen, two dozen具体数量A cup/bowl/bag/bottle/ glass/loaf/bar/piece/stick/ kilogram/pound/literof一点A little, a bit, 有几个A few, several没有多少,很少Little没有几个，很少few很多（否定句）many很多much名词与限定词重点1. _2. _3. _ We dont have much (很多)meat(肉), Can you help to buy a piece of (一块) pork?4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _ 9. _ He takes little (很少) exercise(锻炼), but he has 3 bowls of (三碗) beef rice(米饭) and a bar of (一块) chocolate (巧克力)everyday.10. _11. _ Can you speak Italian(意大利语)? Yes, but only a little (一点).12. _13. _ Would you like a bit of (一点儿) salt(盐)? Yes, please. 14. _15. _ How many eggs (鸡蛋)do you want? 2 dozen (2打).16. _17. _18. _ Theres plenty of (足够的) spring water(矿泉水). So we dont need to buy any (任何) 19. _20. _ He gets 3 bags of (袋) French fries (薯条)for the family.21. _22. _23. _ I would like 5 cups of (杯) black tea(红茶), 6 boxes of (6盒) chicken (鸡肉)nuggets. 24. _25. _ Ill also take 4 bottles of (4瓶) orange juice(橘子汁).26. _27. _ I love cookies(饼干). I have lots of (很多) them everyday. 28. _29. _ We need 4 loaves of (4块) bread (面包)for the party. 30. _31. _ Where can I find a bank(银行)? I need some (一些) money (钱). 32. _33. _ He has lots of (很多) friends(朋友), but he has little (很少) money(钱). 34. _35. _ He has lots of (很多) money(钱), but he has few (很少) friends(朋友).句型转换就划线部分提问：1. 谁？ Who?Who is your favorite singer?2. 谁的？ Whose?Whose skateboard is this?3. 什么？What?Whats near your house?/What do you need to play baseball?4. 什么颜色？ What color?What color is your skateboard?5. 什么种类？ What kind/typeWhat kind of movies/food do you like?6. 星期 What day?What day is today?7. 日期 WhatWhat is the date today?8. 什么运动？What sport?What sport can you play?9. 做什么？ What do?What can you do on the ice rink?10. 天气怎么样？What be like?Whats the weather like?/Whats the mall like?11. 哪里？Where?Where can you skate?12. 情况怎么样/如何？HowHow are you?/How can I get to the hotel?13. 多大？How old?How old are you?14. 多少个？How many?How many chairs are there in the classroom?15. 多少？How much?How much milk is there in the refrigerator? 16. 多少钱？How much?How much is the rice? How much are the shoes?17. 对印象如何? What do you think of?/How do you like?How do you like skiing?What do you think of documentaries?1. The boy over there is Jim.2. I am fine.3. We are in the same class. (?)4. He has an e-mail address. (?)5. Jenny is British.6. I am from France.7. Zheng Zhi is a football player.8. My brother is 12 years old.9. Yao Ming is an NBA basketball player.10. She is a teacher.11. She is my sister.12. They are actors.13. Shes a writer.14. Your father is a policeman.15. That is a photo of my family.16. She likes to play volleyball.17. Mary has two brothers.18. There are five people in my family.19. My wife has a dog.20. Helen has some uncles.21. She has three children.22. You can sit down.23. I am in Grade 2.24. My aunt likes running and swimming.25. Does your uncle like comedies? (X )26. His name is Tony.27. They are Chinese.28. Bill Gates is from the USA.29. She is 11 years old.30. I need a student ID.31. Her first name is Gina.32. He lives on 45 Pine Road.33. My father is 37 years old.34. I am from Canada.35. She prefers watching TV.36. He likes dancing. He doesnt like singing.(but)37. Lucy prefers reading books. (?)38. Jenny prefers playing computer games. (X)39. The cat is under the table.40. The post office is next to the bank.41. The oranges are two dollars a kilogram.42. We need two dozen eggs. 43. The cheese is three dollars a stick.44. The potatoes cost 1.5 dollars a kilogram. 45. I want to order some French fries.46. Ill have a hot dog. 47. Id like to have a cup of coffee.48. He can throw the shot put.49. Skateboarding is my favorite sport. 50. I play tennis on the tennis court. 51. I need a racket to play badminton.52. We can play baseball with a bat.53. I really enjoy doing sports.54. I want to meet my friend Mike this weekend.55. I cant play baseball. I cant do the high jump. (or)56. You can exercise or play table tennis there.动词名词之间的转化workworkerkeepkeeperteachteacherswimswimmersingsingerplayplayerdancedancerlearnlearnerdrivedrivervisitvisitorrunrunneractActor/actress动词形式归纳Swimming is my favorite sport. My favorite sport is swimming. Be good at Be interested inWithout doing sth. Instead of doing sth. What about/How aboutprefer doing sth. to doing sth.enjoy doing sth.practice doing sth.finish doing sth.stop doing sth. Stop to do sth.love/like to do sth.love/like doing sth.look forward to doing sth.Learn to do sth.Learn doing sth. Forget to do sth.Forget doing sth.Remember to do sth. Remember doing sth. What about doing sth.?How about doing sth.?be happy / sorry / pleased . to do sth.Do we need to do sth.Would you like to do sth.?Why not do sth.?Why dont you do sth.?Please do sth. Let sb. Do sth.Make sb do sth. 介词归纳in the room close to my houseon the table between the bedin front of the house on and the dresserbehind the door beside the riverunder the chair across from itopposite the school next to the doorabove the bed at the doorbe in charge ofat the rink / the center / the door/ the bus stop.on real ice / the rink / the bank.on the map / the cover / the paper.in the (other) corner of the roomat the corner of the streetin the book / the picture / the newspaperat the back of the classroomon Mason Streetin Chinese / English / French.反义词归纳big smallLeftrightRightwrongSamedifferentOldyoung Coldhot Fullhungry LongshortHighlow Manyfew Easyhard BlackwhiteFirstlast Messytidy Updown in front ofbehindstand upsit downComegoLoveHateRememberForget动词短语归纳1. take lessons43. play cards2. take care44. play bridge3. take care of45. play chess4. take the first turning46. play the computer 5. take exercise47. play ball games6. take ones order48. play volleyball7. get up49. play basketball8. get ready for50. go ahead9. get sth. ready for51. go to bed10. get to the station52. go to school11. write to53. go to college12. listen to 54. go swimming13. come to Jims55. go fishing14. come back here56. go skateboarding15. come from57. go shopping16. stand up58. go running17. sit down59. go jogging18. turn right, left60. go home19. stay with us61. go across20. use the Internet62. go straight 21. meet my friends63. have an English class22. practice drawing64. have a look23. make a name list65. have sports24. watch cartoons66. have some exercise25. see movies67. have sth. to eat 26. order some soup68. have a drink27. run the 400-meter race69. do the long jump28. check your answers70. do the high jump29. ask him for money71. do a cartwheel30. climb a rope72. do pushups31. look fresh73. do sit-ups32. welcome to Beijing74. do sports33. buy sth. for sb./buy sb. Sth75. do ones homework34. tell sb. about sth.76. do eye exercises35. talk about sth.77. do morning exercises36. need to buy sth.78. do a somersault37. prefer doing to doing79. want to do sth.38. play baseball80. want sth.40. play football81. would like