【备课参考】八年级英语下册 Unit2 Travelling（第3课时）Grammar预习案 （新版）牛津版(1).doc

第3课时grammar预习目标1根据单词表，预习课本第2628页的单词，能根据音标正确拼读这些单词。2通过预习，了解have/has been和havehas gone的用法。3了解短暂性动词和延续性动词的不同用法以及它们之间的转换。4了解since和for的用法区别。5了解一般过去时和现在完成时的用法。预学热身通过预习，了解本课时的单词、短语和句型（英汉互译）。1_n沙；沙滩 2._ adv.结束3_ad死的 4在第一天_5寒假_ 6半小时_7. - millie and amy have been to south hill._8. kitty and her family have gone to hong kong._自主探究，请带着下面这些问题阅读教材。1have been表示什么意思？2have gone表示什么意思？3可以说“i have left nanjing for two days.”吗？4since和for在用法上有何区别？教材导读1millie and amy have been to south hill.米莉和埃米已去过南山。探究点：havehas been to后面可以接_。指点迷津havehas been to后面跟地点名词，表示某人曾经去过某个地方，现在人已经离开，不在那儿了，也可能已经回来了。是对过去经历的一种回忆，可以和表示次数的状语连用。i have been to beijing once.我去过一次北京。- have you ever been to the usa?你曾去过美国吗？- no，never.没有，从未去过。( )how many times_ you_ to london since last year?a. have; gone b. have; beenc. do; go d. did; went( ) (2013 .随州)- jack, i havent seen your uncle for a long time.- he_ shanghai on business for two months. a. went to b. has gone to c. has been in d. has been to2kitty and her family have gone to hong kong基蒂已经和她的家人一起去了香港：探究点：havehas gone to后面可以接_。指点迷津 havehas gone to后面跟地点名词，表示某人去了某地，可能正在去某地的途中，也可能已经在某地，强调某人不在这儿，还没有回来。当地点用副词表示时要省略介词to。- where is kate? 凯特在哪儿？- she has gone to the library.她去图书馆了。mr green isnt in the office. he has gone to the laboratory.格林先生不在办公室。他去实验室了。( ) - where is mr li? i have something important to tell him.- you_ find him. he_ japan. a. wont; has gone to b. may not; has been to c. may; has gone to d. cant; has been to3. he has left beijing for a week. ()he has been away from beijing for a week.()他离开北京已经两天了。探究点：表示_，叫作短暂性动词；表示_，叫作延续性动词。指点迷津 英语中的动词，根据所表示的动作是否能够延续，分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。表示持续的行为或状态的动词，叫作延续性动词，也叫持续性动词，如：be，keep，have，like，study，live等。表示短暂的、瞬间性动作的动词，叫作短暂性动词，又叫终止性动词或瞬间动词，如：die，join，leave，become，return，reach等。(1)短暂性动词构成的现在完成时，只表示动作发生的因果关系，不能表示动作的延续，所以不可以由表示一段时间的状语（如：since和for引导的短语）来修饰。第一句中的leave(has left)是短暂性动词，它所表示的动作短促，不可能延续两天；第二句中的be(has been)是延续性动词，所以可以和two days连用。(2)短暂性动词要转换为对应的延续性动词才可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。常见的短暂性动词及其对应的延续性动词（现在完成时）有：buyhavehas had borrowhave/has kept arrivehavehas been in/atleavehave,/has been away join-have/has been in/havehas been a member ofdiehave/has been dead get marriedhavehas been married come/gohavehas been in/atbegin/starthave/has been on stophave/has been over losehavehas been lostclosehave/has been closed openhave/has been open( )(2013衡阳)一look at these stamps. i_ them for five years.- wow, they are wonderful. a. kept b. have kept c. have bought( )(2013泸州)he_ luzhou for three months.ahas left bhas come to c. has gone to d. has been away from4he has had a car since 2007他自从2007年就买了一辆车。探究点：ago，since和for的用法有什么不同？指点迷津 (1) ago是副词，意为“以前”，放在表示一段时间的短语后面，表示从现在算起的一段时间以前，常用于一般过去时。he met her three days ago他三天前遇到过她。(2) since可作介词和连词用，意为“自从以来，自从以后”，用于现在完成时，主要有以下三种情况：since过去的时间点he has been ill since last monday.他上周一开始就已经病了。since时间段agoi have lived here since ten years ago.自从十年前我就住在这儿了。since从句（一般过去时）i have lived here since i moved here.自从我搬到这儿，我就一直住在这里。(3) for是介词，后面跟表示时间段的短语，可以用于现在完成时。we have learned english for about ten years.我们学英语大约有十年了。( )- you play the piano so well. how long have you learned it?-_ ten years.ain bby cfor dsince热身练习a用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. suzhou_ (change) a lot in the past years.2._ you ever_ (be) to hangzhou?3. i_ (have) my sisters letter for two days.4. his parents (get) married twenty years ago.5. lets_ (meet) at the school gate tomorrow morning.b单项选择。( )1. - how long have you_? - for three days. a. got a headache b. fallen ill c. caught a cold d. had a cough( )2. - tom, where is jack?-. he_ changzhou for a month. a. went to b. has gone to c. has been in d. has been to( )3. i met her just a moment_. a. ago b. before c. since d. now( )4. joe, my close friend, moved to beijing several years ago, and i_ him since then. a. dont see b. didnt see c. havent seen d. wont see( )5. several days has passed_ the air crash(空难) happened. a. since b. after c. as d. forc汉译英。1我知道他已经去了上海。i know he_ _ _ shanghai.2他们忍不住大笑了起来。they couldnt_ _.3他已经做老师二十年了。he_ _ _ _ for twenty years.参考答案预学热身1. sand 2.over 3.dead 4.on the first day 5the winter holiday 6half an hour 7米莉和埃米已经去过南山了。 8基蒂已经和她的家人一起去了香港。1have been表示“去过某地并已经回来了”。 2have gone表示“去了某地还没有回来”。 3不可以，