【志鸿全优设计】高中英语 Unit4EarthquakesSectionⅠ目标导学 新人教版必修1.doc

unit 4earthquakes课前预习导学课标导航功能talking about past experiencesexpressing thanks句型tooadj./adv.to . 太而不能it seems as if .部分否定句语法定语从句()(以that，which，who，whose引导的定语从句)写作写新闻报道考点as if(2012辽宁，30/2011湖南，33)damage(2011新课标，34)主谓一致(2012陕西，12/2011湖南，26)定语从句(2011全国，31/山东，32等)主题导读here are some guidelines to staying safe in earthquakes.tip 1：stay inside and duck and cover.get underneath a desk or table，or stand in a corner or under a doorway.cover your head and neck with your arms.tip 2：move against an interior(内部的) wall if in a highrise building with no protective desk or table nearby.cover your head and neck with your arms.tip 3：try to get into an open area away from trees，buildings，walls，signs and power lines if outdoors.tip 4：pull over to the side of the road away from overpasses and power lines if driving.stay in your car until the shaking ends.tip 5：get away from shelves or other areas where objects may fall if in a crowded store or public area.do not run for the door.crouch(蹲下) and cover your head and neck with your hands and arms.tip 6：stay in your seat if in a stadium or a theater.get below the level of the back of the seat and cover your head and neck with your arms.tip 7：if you take cover under a sturdy(坚固的) piece of furniture，hold on to it and be prepared to move with it.tip 8：try to stay away from kitchens and garages，where there are often many objects that might fall.tip 9：if you are in bed during the night and an earthquake occurs，simply roll off the bed，lie down on the floor，then climb into bottom of the bed.tip 10：if an earthquake happens and you cannot easily escape by getting out the door or window，then lie down and curl up in the fetal position(弯曲成胎儿体位) next to a sofa or large chair.诱思探究1suppose an earthquake happens，you are studying in a classroom，what will you do first?2when an earthquake happens，you are sleeping，what will you do?答案：1get underneath a desk or stand in a corner or under a doorway.2simply roll off bed，and then climb into the bottom of the bed.基础导练.词汇拓展1_ vi.爆裂；爆发n突然破裂；爆发_(过去分词)2_ n百万_ n百万富翁3_ n民族；国家；国民_ adj.国家的；民族的nationality n国籍4_ n污垢；泥土_ adj.脏的；布满灰尘的5_ n苦难；痛苦_ v受苦；遭受6_ adj.极度的_ adv.极度地7_ vt.损害；伤害_ adj.受伤的_ n伤害；损害8_ vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭9_ adj.无用的；无效的；无益的_(反义词)_ n&vt.使用；利用10_ vt.&vi.(使)震惊；震动n休克；打击；震惊_ adj.令人震惊的_ adj.感到震惊的11_ n&vt.援救；营救_ n营救者12_ vt.使陷入困境n陷阱；困境_(现在分词)13_ n电；电流；电学_ adj.用电的；带电的；发电的_adj.与电有关的14_ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏_ n埋葬；葬礼15_ vt.使惊吓；吓唬_ adj.受惊的；受恐吓的_ adj.令人恐惧的16_ n祝贺_ vt.祝贺；庆贺17_ n裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决_ n判断；判决18_ adv.真诚地；真挚地_ adj.真诚的sincerity n真诚19_ vt.表示；表达n快车；速递_ n表达；表情expressive adj.有表现力的20_ n骑自行车的人_ vi.骑车.短语互译1_ 分发；发出2_结束；终结3_严重受损；破败不堪4_掘出；发现5_许多；大量的6right away _7burst into laughter _8be buried in sth_9judging from(by)_10think little of _.重点句型1in the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were _ nervous _ eat.在农家院子里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不吃食。2_ _ _ _ the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！3_ hope was _ lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。答案：.1.burst；lion；millionaire3nation；national4.dirt；dirty5.suffering；suffer6extreme；extremely7.injure；injured；injury8destroy9.useless；useful；use10.shock；shocking；shocked11.rescue；rescuer12.trap；trapping13electricity；electric；electrical14.bury；burial15frighten；frightened；frightening16.congratulation；congratulate17.judge；judgement18.sincerely；sincere19.express；expression20.cyclist；cycle.1.give out2.at an end3.in ruins4.dig out5.a (great) number of6.立刻；马上7.突然大笑8.埋头于；专心于9.从判断10.对评价不高.1.too；to2.it seemed as if3.all；not在预习中还有哪些问题需要你在听课时加以关注？请在下列表格中做个备忘吧！课堂合作探究section warming up，prereading，reading & comprehending文本感知.阅读a night the earth didnt sleep，回答下列问题1the title “a night the earth didnt sleep” means _.athe earth was wide awake all night longbpeople on the earth couldnt fall asleep that nightcthe earth shook like being crazy，causing great damage to peopledanimals on the earth did not sleep that night2all the following strange things happened in the countryside before the earthquake except that _.athe water in the village wells rose and fellbmice ran out of the fields looking for places to hidecthe sound of planes could be heard outside the city of tangshan even when no planes were in the skydfish swam in the bowls and ponds freely and pleasantly as usual3according to the passage，which of the following is not right?athe whole nation felt it.bwhen the earthquake happened people were sleeping.ca large number of people lost their lives in the earthquake.dhalf a million pigs and millions of chickens died.4what does the first paragraph mainly tell us about?apeople saw bright lights in the sky at about 3：00 am on july 28,1976.ba terrible earthquake happened that night.cpeople were asleep as usual that night.dsome strange things happened before the earthquake.5people in tangshan were asleep as usual that night because they _.acould never imagine there would be a terrible earthquakebthought they had prepared well for the earthquakecthought it was easy to experience an earthquakedthought sleeping was the most important thing no matter what would happen答案：1c2.d3.a4.d5.a导学互动1imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.(p25)想象一下你家的房子开始晃动，你必须马上离开家。right away 立刻；马上wait for a moment，i will be back right away.等一会儿，我马上回来。do it as i told you right away.立刻按照我说的去做。联想拓展right now 现在；马上at once 马上；立刻without delay 毫不延迟in no time 马上；立刻immediately adv.马上；立刻(1)句子改写we have a few minutes left，so we should start immediately.we have a few minutes left，so we should start _ _/_ _/_ _/_ _.(2)单项填空wait a minute and i will get in touch with her _.anow and thenbsooner or latercjust now dright away2in the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.(p26)在农家院子里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不吃食。tooadj./adv.to do 太而不能；太而无法the kid is too young to go to school.这孩子太小不能上学。he went there too late to meet her.他去得太晚了，以至于没见到她。注意：如果在too.to.中不定式有其逻辑主语，应在to前面加for(sb)。the problem is too complicated for us to solve.那个问题太复杂，我们无法解决。联想拓展1)not/never too .to . 无论也不过分its never too late to learn.学时未晚。2)too .not to . 太不会不；非常，一定能he is too clever not to work out the math problem.他太聪明了，不会解不出这道数学题来。3)tooadj.(anxious，eager，glad，pleased，ready，willing等)to表示“非常，很”，不具有否定意义。he doesnt study hard，but he is too willing to help others.虽然他学习不刻苦，但他很乐于助人。4)only tooadj.(adv.)to，only too相当于very或very much，此结构不再有否定意义。he is only too anxious to go home.他很想回家。(1)英译汉he is too old to care for himself._you are not too careful to cross the street._she is too lovely not to be popular with her teachers._they were too glad to hear the news._(2)单项填空the boy is too _ to reach the apple on the table.which one is not right here?agladbshortceager dtall3in the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(p26)在市内，有些建筑物内的水管爆裂开来。burst vi.(burst，burst)爆裂；爆发；突然出现(发生)when the balloon burst，the little boy burst out crying/burst into tears.气球爆裂后，小男孩突然大哭起来。the storm burst and we all got wet.突然下起暴雨，我们都淋湿了。n. 突然破裂；爆发there was a burst of laughter in the room.房间里爆发出一阵笑声。联想拓展burst out crying(laughing，singing，cheering，quarrelling)突然哭(笑，唱，欢呼，吵)起来burst in/into 突然闯入；打断burst with anger/joy勃然大怒/兴高采烈(1)介副词填空for some reason，the student burst _ laughter during class.on seeing his mother，the boy burst _ crying.he burst _ the room without knocking.youd better not burst _ while others are talking.(2)单项填空hearing the news，she burst into _ and burst _ the room.acrying；outbtears；toccrying；into dtears；out of4it seemed as if the world was at an end！(p26)仿佛到了世界末日！1)as if 仿佛；好像it looks as if it is going to rain.看样子好像要下雨了。it seems as if the problem is easy，but in fact，difficult to solve.这问题好似容易，但实际上，很难解决。联想拓展as if相当于as though，常用在动词look，seem，feel等之后引导表语从句。如果从句表示的情况接近事实，从句用陈述语气；反之，如果从句表示的情况与事实相反，或者不可能发生，从句用虚拟语气。(1)从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词应改用were)。i remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.整个事情我都记得，就像昨天刚发生一样。she always talks to me as if she were my mother.她总是以我妈妈的口气跟我说话。(2)从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。he speaks english perfectly as if(though) he had lived england for many years.他英语讲得很好，好像他在英国生活了多年似的。(3)从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might动词原形。he opens his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴像是要说些什么。(1)用所给词的适当形式填空they treat the orphan as if he _(be)their own son.he talked about rome as if he _(be) there before.it is raining hard；it seems as if he _(be) not coming.(2)单项填空jack wasnt saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him _ he had done something very clever.aas ifbin casecwhile dthoughthe pair of chopsticks in the water of the glass looks as if it _ broken.ais barecwere dhas been2)at an end 结束；终结the year is at an end.new year is coming.这一年结束了，新的一年即将来临。the endless argument was at an end finally，reaching no agreement.无休止的争论终于终结了，没达成任何协议。联想拓展at the end (of) 在的末端/结束时(指时间点，不与完成时连用)in the end终于by the end of到为止(指时间段，与完成时态连用)without end无尽的；无穷的come to an end完结；结束put an end to使结束bring sth to an end使结束(1)介词填空my holiday was _ an end，and i had to go back to work._ the end of next year we will have finished our middle school.the meeting came _ an end at 12：00 am.he tried over and over again；he passed the driving test _ the end.(2)单项填空the un is to _ an end to the dispute between the two countries.im sure the issue will _ an end soon.acome；putbcome to；bringcput；come to dbring；come_， the headmaster rose to indicate that the conversation was _.aat an end; in an endbin the end; at an endcin an end; at the enddat an end; in the end5in fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(p26)在可怕的15秒之内，一座大城市变成了废墟。ruin n. 废墟；毁灭the soldiers were rescuing the people buried in the ruins.战士们正在营救埋在废墟中的人们。vt.毁灭；使破产she returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood.她回到家发现家具全被洪水毁坏了。dont let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.不要让小小的分歧损害你们的友谊。in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪(一般用作表语)after the big fire the building was in ruins.大火过后，大楼已成残垣断壁。our plan is in ruins because of the bad weather.由于天气不好，我们的计划落空了。归纳拓展be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭bring .to ruin 使毁灭fall into ruin 成为废墟；坍塌go/come to ruin 毁灭；落空ruin oneself 毁掉自己ruin ones fame 毁坏某人的名誉(1)介词填空after the war，the city was _ ruins.his bad management brought his company _ ruin.after that，the empire rome fell _ ruin.the big storm let the crops go _ ruin.(2)单项填空my wife was _ her health through over worry.ahurtingbruiningcharming ddestroying6twothirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(p26)三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。1)分数of .作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应由of后面的词决定。threefifths of the students in our class are girls.我们班五分之三的学生是女生。twothirds of the work has been finished by now.到目前为止已完成了三分之二的工作。注意：如果of后面接population这一名词时，谓语动词的单复数应由表语来确定。onethird of population in that town are foreigners.在那座城市三分之一的人是外国人。类似的用法还有“some of，plenty of，a lot of，most of，the rest of，all of，half of，part of或百分数of .”。(1)用be或have的适当形式填空twofifths of the workers _ gone home for the spring festival.plenty of preparing work _ been done before the evening party.most of the population in the country _ farmers.(2)单项填空onethird of the country _covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people.ais；arebis；iscare；are dare；is2)injure vt.损害；伤害she was injured in a car accident on the way to the airport.她在去机场的一起车祸中受伤。one of the players injured his knee and had to be carried off.其中一名球员伤了膝盖，不得不被抬了出去。联想拓展injured adj. 受伤的the injured 受伤的人；伤员(们)，常作复数使用。injury n伤害；损伤词汇辨析injure一般指人在意外事故中造成的伤害，如机器造成的或在运动中受到的伤害。wound指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤，是出血的、严重的伤，特指在战场上受伤。hurt是一般用语，指肉体或精神上的伤害，常伴有强烈的疼痛感；还可表示“疼；痛”。harm指“危害；损害”。一语中的the little hero was wounded badly in the battle，and unfortunately，he was also injured in a car accident on his way to hospital，which let him feel hurt deeply.he knew clearly that the war harmed the whole country.那位小英雄在一次战斗中严重受伤，不幸的是，在他去医院的途中又在一起车祸中受伤，这让他内心深受伤害。他清楚地知道那次战争给整个国家造成了危害。(1)用injure，harm，wound或hurt的适当形式填空tom fell down from the tree and _ his legs.smoking will _ your health.he got _ in the war.he didnt mean to _ her feelings.two people were seriously _ in the accident.(2)单项填空the bus driver was badly _ in both legs in the traffic accident.awoundedbbrokencinjured ddestroyedmy chest _ when i make a deep breath，doctor.aharms bwoundschurts dinjures7everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.(p26)人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。destroy vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭one after another heavy storm destroyed a good part of our crops.接二连三的暴雨把大部分庄稼毁坏了。theyve destroyed all the evidence.他们销毁了一切证据。词汇辨析destroy指彻底的损坏，常含有不能或很难修复的意思。damage意为“损坏、毁坏，损害”，指部分损坏，降低某物的使用价值。还可用作名词，意为“损坏”，do (cause)damage to“给带来(造成)毁(损)坏”。ruin指对物体或生命的彻底破坏，但往往是指非暴力的，也不是一次性打击的结果。也可指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。一语中的a sudden storm destroyed all the crops and did great damage to the houses.fortunately they were not completely ruined.一场突如其来的暴风雨毁坏了所有庄稼，并对房子造成了巨大破坏。幸运的是，房子并没有彻底毁掉。(1)用destroy，ruin，damage的适当形式填空obviously，humans activities do great _ our earth.the car accident _ her hope of being a ballet dancer.he knocked over a bottle of ink and _ the ancient painting.(2)单项填空the camera was _ by his son and he had to have it repaired.aruined bdestroyedcinjured ddamagedif you go on doing like that，it will _ your bright future.aruin bdestroycdamage dharm8people were shocked.(p26)人们震惊了。shock vi. & vt. (使)震惊；震动her sudden death shocked all the tv audience.她的突然去世让所有电视观众感到震惊。the violent explosion shocked the houses nearby.剧烈的爆炸声震动了附近的房子。n. 休克；打击；震惊he isnt seriously injured but he is in shock.他伤得不重，但处于休克状态。the result of the election was a shock to the whole nation.这一选举结果让全体国民感到震惊。the whole nation were shocked at the result of the election.the result of the election shocked the whole nation.the whole nation were shocked to learn the result of the election.联想拓展(1)be shocked(2)一语中的people present were shocked at the shocking words from him.在场的人们听到他发表的令人震惊的言论感到惊愕。(3)cultural shock 文化冲击；electric shock 电击；触电(1)介词填空we were shocked _ the news of his divorce.i was shocked _ hear about your accident.he was shocked _ the failure of the entrance examination.(2)单项填空after the _ news spread throughout the whole city，everyone felt _.ashocked；shockedbshocking；shockingcshocked；shocking dshocking；shocked9some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.(p26)一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。1)rescue n&vt.营救；援救the rescue team made ten rescues in a month.营救队一月内进行了十次救援。the lifeboats were sent to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.已派出救生艇去营救沉船上的水手们。联想拓展rescue sb/sth from. 把从(地方)营救出来come/go to ones rescue 援救或帮助某人词汇辨析rescue多指在紧急情况下迅速有力地抢救，后常接from，意为“从危险中救出”。save是普通用语，使用范围比较广泛，意为“挽救，搭救”。(1)用rescue和save填空a lot of troops were sent to _ the people buried in the ruins.timely and careful treatment _ his life.the policeman came to his _ by sending the lifejacket to the drowning boy.(2)单项填空it was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to _ the survivors of the plane crash；most of them were timely _ by the doctors and nurses.arescue；rescuedbsave；savedcrescue；saved dsave；rescued2)trap n陷阱；困境the thief was caught in the polices trap.窃贼遭警方用计擒获。the farmer set a trap to catch the rabbits in the forest.那农夫设下陷阱逮林中的野兔子。vt.使陷入困境；卡(夹)住twenty miners were still trapped underground.20名矿工仍被困在地下。my coat was trapped in the car door.我的外套被汽车门夹住了。联想拓展(1)(2)they trapped me into telling the truth.他们诱骗我说出了事实真相。(1)完成句子hopefully，the guy will _(恰好落入我们设置的圈套)having been _(困在) traffic jam，he was late for work.ten persons _(被困在)the burning house.(2)单项填空our car was _ in the heavy snow，so we had to go home on foot.which of the following is not suitable here?acaught btrappedcstuck dkept10all hope was not lost.(p26)并不是所有的希望都破灭了。表示“全体”意义的代词、形容词或副词，如all，both，every，everybody，everything，everywhere等，与否定副词not连用可构成部分否定。如：(1)all the students dont like the song.not all the student like the song.并不是所有的学生都喜欢那首歌。比较：none of the students like the song.没有学生喜欢那首