GMAT数学词汇精选.doc

GMAT数学词汇精选A算术1.整数integer整数even偶数odd奇数divisor除数real number实数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive integer连续的整数quotient商multiple倍数remainder余数prime number质数，素数prime factor质因子，质因数composite number合数2.分数common factor公因子reciprocal/inverse倒数mixed number带分数improper fraction假分数proper fraction真分数vulgar fraction/common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数3.小数decimal system十进制digit位units digit个位数tens digit十位数tenths unit十分位3-digit number三位数decimal point小数点decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数4.实数absolute value绝对值nonzero number非零数natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数nonnegative非负的rational有理数irrational(number)无理数5.比例common ratio公比direct proportion正比percent百分比6.幂和根product乘积base/power底数/指数square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数radical sign/root sign根号cardinal基数ordinal序数7.集合subset子集union合集，并集intersection交集proper subset真子集solution set解集8.描述统计学average平均数median中数mode众数（在一系列数中出现最多的数）arithmetic mean算术平均数weighted average加权平均数geometric mean几何平均数maximum最大值minimum最小值range值域（一系列数中最大值减最小值）dispersion差量，离差standard deviation标准方差distribution（频数或频率）分布frequency distribution频数分布normal distribution正态分布9.计算方法factorial notation阶乘permutations排列combination组合10.数学运算add/plus加subtract/minus减multiply/times乘divide除difference差sum和total1总数（用在加法中，相当于+）；2总计（用于减法中，相当于-）division1除；2部分divisible可被整除的divided evenly被整除dividend被除数B代数式、方程及不等式coefficient系数numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数term项constant term常数项quadratic二次方程equivalent equation同解方程，等价方程linear equation线性方程solution（方程的）解inequality不等式expression表达式linear一次的，线性的factorization因数分解function函数trigonometric function三角函数inverse function反函数complementary function余函数variable变量domain域sequence数列arithmetic progression等差数列geometric progression等比数列C几何1.直线和垂线a line segment线段endpoint端点midpoint中点a right angle直角perpendicular垂线perpendicular lines垂直线perpendicular bisector垂直平分线parallel lines平行线bisect平分2.相交线和角vertical angle对顶角a straight line直线acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角vertex angle顶角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角alternate angle内错角interior angle内角central angle圆心角exterior angle外角supplementary angle补角complementary angle余角adjacent angle邻角angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线intersect相交3.四边形和多边形quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形multilateral多边的parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形square正方形rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形congruent全等的4.三角形isosceles triangle等腰三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形hypotenuse斜边leg直角边included side夹边arm直角三角形的股median of a triangle三角形的中线opposite直角三角形中的对边altitude（三角形的）高vertex顶点base底5.圆circle圆形semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆cross section横截面center of a circle圆心chord弦diameter直径radius半径circumference圆周长arc弧surface area表面积radian弧度（弧长/半径）segment of a circle弧形point of tangency切点tangent正切inscribe内切，内接circumscribe外切，外接6.长方体和圆柱体edge边vertex顶点cube立方体rectangular solid长方体length长width宽altitude高depth深度regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体pyramid角锥volume体积dimension维数7.坐标几何coordinate plane坐标平面abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴coordinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系x-axisX轴origin原点quadrant象限slope斜率intercept截距a unique solution惟一解no solution无解parabola抛物线E.句型The ratio of A to B is A比B(A/B)A is a divisor of BA是B的除数（约数）(B/A)A divided by BA/BA divided into BB/ATwice as many A as BA是B的两倍A is 20% more than B(