【步步高】高考英语 话题五 第一节 话题阅读 学习 教育拓展训练 外研版(1).DOCVIP

第一节话题阅读学习教育5年真题拓展训练(1)【原题体验】(2011新课标全国完形填空)in our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life，a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory _36_ course about 20 years ago.the professor _37_ the lecture hall，placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans (豆)，and invited the students to _38_ how many beans the jar contained.after _39_ shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin，dry smile，announced the _40_ answer，and went on saying，“you have just _41_ an important lesson about science.that is：never _42_ your own senses.”twenty years later，the _43_ could guess what the professor had in mind.he _44_ himself，perhaps，as inviting his students to start an exciting _45_ into an unknown world invisible (无形的) to the _46_，which can be discovered only through scientific _47_.but the seventeenyearold girl could not accept or even _48_ the invitation.she was just _49_ to understand the world.and she _50_ that her firsthand experience could be the _51_.the professor，however，said that it was _52_.he was taking away her only _53_ for knowing and was providing her with no substitute.“i remember feeling small and _54_，” the woman says，“and i did the only thing i could do.i _55_ the course that afternoon，and i havent gone near science since.”36a.art bhistorycscience dmath答案c解析由第二段倒数第二句中的“you have just _ an important lesson about science.”可知应选c项。37a.searched for blooked atcgot through dmarched into答案d解析句意为：教授走进演讲厅，把一个装满干豆子的大罐子放在讲桌上既然要演讲，当然要先进演讲厅，故选d项 。search for寻找；look at看；get through穿过，通过，完成，接通电话；march into走进，进入。38a.count bguesscreport dwatch答案b解析count数，计算； guess猜测；report报道；watch观看，注视。由第二段第二句中的“after _39_ shouts of wildly wrong guesses.”可知b项正确。39a.warning bgivingcturning away dlistening to答案d解析学生们大喊大叫地都猜错了答案，这是教授听到(listen to)的，所以才有后文的教授略微笑了一下并宣布了正确答案。warn警告；give给予；turn away把打发走，拒绝；listen to听。40a.ready bpossibleccorrect ddifficult答案c解析前面提到学生都猜错了答案，故这里应说教授给出了正确(correct)答案。ready准备好的；possible可能的；correct正确的；difficult困难的。41a.learned bpreparedctaught dtaken答案a解析教授知道学生们是在主观猜测，故说道：“在科学方面你们刚刚吸取教训，那就是：永远不要相信自己的感觉。”learn a lesson吸取一个教训，符合语境。prepare a lesson准备一堂课；teach (sb.) a lesson给(某人)一个教训；take a lesson(学生)上课。42a.lose btrustcsharpen dshow答案b解析lose丢失，失去；trust相信，信任；sharpen使锋利；show展示，表明，给看。结合第41小题的解析可知b项正确。43a.lecturer bscientistcspeaker dwoman答案d解析由下文描述可知：20年后，那位女士(woman)能猜出教授心里想的是什么。44a.described brespectedcsaw dserved答案c解析句意为：也许教授认为自己是让学生开始了一次通向一个肉眼看不见的未知世界的令人兴奋的旅程，而这一未知世界只有通过科学手段才能被发现。see.as.认为是，符合语境。describe.as.把描述为；respect.as.尊重为；serve.as.作为为服务，均不符合语境。45a.voyage bmovementcchange drush答案a解析此处voyage指抽象的探索科学真理的过程。movement活动，运动；change变化；rush冲，匆忙，都表达不出科学探索之路的艰辛。46a.professor beyecknowledge dlight答案b解析an unknown world invisible to the eye肉眼看不见的未知世界。professor教授；knowledge知识；light光线，均不符合题意。47a.model bsensescspirit dmethods答案d解析肉眼看不见的未知世界只有通过科学手段(method)去发现。model模型，样式，模范，模特；sense感官，感觉，意义；spirit精神，实质；method手段，方法。48a.hear bmakecpresent drefuse答案a解析但是当时17岁的女孩无法接受甚至听不明白教授的启发。根据句意可知a项正确。hear听明白，听清楚；make使，让；present赠予，提交；refuse拒绝。49a.suggesting bbeginningcpretending dwaiting答案b解析(17岁的)她刚刚开始理解这个世界。根据句意可知b项正确。suggest建议，后面不接动词不定式，可排除；pretend假装；wait等待，等候。50a.believed bdoubtedcproved dexplained答案a解析并且她相信她的亲身经历可能就是真理。根据句意可知a项正确。believe相信；doubt怀疑；prove证明，证实；explain解释。51a.growth bstrengthcfaith dtruth答案d解析growth生长，成长；strength力气，优点；faith忠诚，忠实；truth事实，真理。根据句意应选d项。52a.firm binterestingcwrong dacceptable答案c解析由上文可知，教授说那是错误的，故说“.it was wrong.”。firm坚定的，牢固的；interesting有趣的；wrong错误的；acceptable可接受的。53a.task btoolcsuccess dconnection答案b解析他(教授)只说那是错误的，而没告诉她其他去了解世界的方法，也就是说教授把她唯一了解世界的方法(tool，即firsthand experience)给否定了，却未提供给她了解世界的其他方法。tool除有“工具”含义外，还有“方法”之意，故选b项。task任务；success成功；connection联系。54a.cruel bproudcfrightened dbrave答案c解析由上文可知，女孩应感到渺小、(由于迷茫而)害怕(frightened)。cruel残酷的；proud自豪的；frightened惊吓的，害怕的；brave勇敢的。55a.dropped bstartedcpassed dmissed答案a解析当时女孩做了唯一能做的事：当天下午就放弃(drop)了科学课，从此再也没有走近科学。drop放弃，终止；start开始；pass通过，推移，消磨，打发；miss错过，想念。【原题拓展训练】.完成这篇文章的文脉构架图.信息句与长难句分析1the professor marched into the lecture hall，placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆)，and invited the students to guess how many beans the jar contained.分析： marched，placed，invited为三个并列谓语；过去分词短语filled with dried beans作后置定语，修饰a large jar；how many beans the jar contained是动词guess的宾语从句。翻译：教授大步走进教室，把装满了干豆子的一个大罐子放在桌上，邀请学生猜猜里面有多少豆子。2he saw himself，perhaps，as inviting his students to start an exciting voyage into an unknown world invisible(无形的) to the eye，which can be discovered only through scientific methods.分析： 此句中副词perhaps位于宾语和宾补之间，使句型结构看起来复杂：see.as.把看作；名词an unknown world后有形容词短语invisible to the eye作后置定语，which引导定语从句can be discovered only through scientific methods，修饰先行词an_unknown_world。翻译：也许他认为自己在引导学生们开始一次令人兴奋的航程， 这次航行将驶入一个未知的、肉眼看不到的世界，而这个世界只能通过科学的手段才能被发现。【真题精选对应训练】(2013浙江完形填空)last spring，i was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program.in my application letter，i was careful to _21_ how much i wanted to see france；evidently，my excitement really came through in my words.once i _22_ that i was going，all i could think about was the fun of foreign travel and making all sorts of new and _23_ friends.while traveling was inspiring and meeting people was _24_，nothing about my term in france was what i _25_.the moment i arrived in paris，i was _26_ by a nice french couple who would become my host parents.my entire experience was joyous and exciting _27_ i received some shocking news from my program coordinator(协调人)：there had been a death in my host parents extended family.they had to travel outside france for several weeks.that afternoon，i had to _28_ out of one familys house and into another.the exchange coordinator told me id have a _29_ this time and asked whether i could share a bedroom with an english speaker.to avoid the temptation(诱惑) to _30_ my native language，i asked not to be _31_ with an englishspeaking roommate.when i got to my new room，i _32_ myself to my new roommate paolo，a brazilian(巴西人)，the same age as i，whom i was surprised to find playing one of my favorite cds！in just a few hours，we knew wed be good friends for the rest of the _33_. i left france with many _34_，so when people ask me what my favorite part of the trip was，they are always _35_ to hear me talk about my brazilian friend paolo and the scores of weekdays in class，weeknights on the town，and weekends _36_ france we enjoyed together.i love how people _37_ seem so different，but end up being so _38_.the most valuable lesson i gained from studying in france wasnt just to respect the french people _39_ to respect all people，for your next best friend could be just a continent away.i would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign cultures and gain meaningful _40_.21a.discuss bexpresscannounce dargue答案b解析根据本句话的句意，作者在申请信里当然应该“表述”自己有多么想去法国。而a、c、d三个选项分别表示“讨论”、“宣布”、“争执”，均不符合逻辑。22a.approved bknewcwarned ddenied答案b解析句意为：知道自己要去法国了，现在满脑子都是要去国外旅行的快乐，还有要结交各类令人感兴趣的朋友。a、c、d三个选项则分别表示：“同意；承认”、“警告”、“否认”，不合语境。23a.stubborn banxiouscuniversal dinteresting答案d解析a、b、c三项分别表示“固执的”、“焦虑的”、“全世界的；普遍的”。找朋友一般是找那些兴趣相同的、有趣味的人。24a.boring bupsettingcexciting dpromising答案c解析根据本句中连词and连接的并列结构可知句意为：旅游是令人鼓舞的，接触新朋友是令人激动的。而a、b、d三项则分别表示“令人厌倦的”、“令人不安的”、“有前途的”，均不合逻辑。25a.expected blikedcdoubted dfeared答案a解析根据下文可知作者要表达“我在法国的一学期的经历和自己料想的不一样”。expect 表示“预料；期盼”之意，符合句意。26a.sponsored bwitnessedcgreeted dsupported答案c解析句意为：我一到巴黎，就有一对友好的夫妇来迎接我。greet迎接，符合语境。sponsor资助；witness见证；support支持。27a.until bwhencsince dwhile答案a解析作者描写自己心情的变化。自从进入法国，自己一直是快乐和激动的，直到自己得知接待自己的家庭中有亲人病故(这种心情才改变)。故选a项。28a.move btravel cwalk drush答案a解析因故要搬家，move正合文章逻辑。29a.housekeeper bleadercroommate dcolleague答案c解析根据下文所讲的一个“巴西人”的情况，可知此处应为“室友”最合适。30a.learn bappreciatecspeak dmaster答案c解析去国外交流的学生一般不愿再找本国人或说本国母语的人同住。因为一旦同住，往往不自然地就又说起母语来，“交流生”的意义何在，又怎能学到他国的语言、文化？这里需要注意，作者的母语是英语，所以不想找说英语的室友。31a.combined bfittedcinvolved dplaced答案d解析place在此处意为“安排；安置”。作者不想被安排和说英语的室友同住一处。a、b、c三项分别表示“结合；混合”、“安装”、“涉及；卷入”，均不符合题意。32a.added bintroducedcdevoted dadapted答案b解析见了新室友，当然要自我介绍了。33a.term bweek cmonth dvacation答案a解析根据第一段最后一句话提示可知，此处应为term“学期”。34a.presents bsuitcasescstories ddreams答案c解析根据下文作者给别人讲述自己在法国的经历可知，此处应该是“自己在离开法国时，已经经历了很多的事情或有很多可讲的记忆、故事”。而不应该是在没有上下文的情况下突然说“礼物”、“箱子”、“梦想”等事情。35a.surprised bdisturbedcembarrassed dconcerned答案a解析作者讲述自己和巴西朋友的故事，大家对此感到吃惊。36a.analyzing bexploringcdescribing dinvestigating答案b解析explore本身是“探索与发现”的意思，现在常被我们用于“旅游或探秘自然”。只要是我们没去过的地方，也可能有惊险或不为我们所知的东西，我们都可以到那里探索或探秘(explore)。37a.need bshall cmust dcan答案d解析句意为：人们有时候看起来完全的不同，但后来(经过了解)又发现是如此相似。can此时表示“有时会”，指常有的行为或情形。其他选项不符合句子意义。38a.generous bindependentcsimilar ddistant答案c解析参考上题解析。39a.and bbut cor dso答案b解析本句子为典型的“not.but.”结构。40a.instructions bfriendshipscfacts ddata答案b解析根据对全文的整体理解，作者本人就从某个方面讲述了自己获得了跨国的“友谊”。因此作者要给那些愿意体验异域文化和想获得这种有意义的友谊的人们推荐交流生项目。故答案为b项。5年真题拓展训练(2)【原题体验】(2012新课标全国阅读理解d)grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.a man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.he can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.he can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.a mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “twinkle，twinkle，little star” or remember the story of cinderella or goldilocks and the three bears.one explanation is the law of overlearning，which can be stated as follows：once we have learned something，additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it.in childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming，bicycle riding，and playing baseball long after we have learned them.we continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “twinkle，twinkle，little star” and childhood tales such as cinderella and goldilocks.we not only learn but overlearn.the multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.the law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习) for an examination，though it may result in a passing grade，is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.by cramming，a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination，but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.a little overlearning，on the other hand，is really necessary for ones future development.67what is the main idea of paragraph 1?apeople remember well what they learned in childhood.bchildren have a better memory than grownups.cpoem reading is a good way to learn words.dstories for children are easy to remember.答案a解析段落大意题。第一段的第一句就是该段的主题句。成年人常常感到很吃惊，孩提时记住的东西，以后从来没有练习过却能记得那么好。故选a项。68the author explains the law of overlearning by_.apresenting research findingsbsetting down general rulescmaking a comparisondusing examples答案d解析细节理解题。文章用了很多的例子来支持所陈述的观点。比如第一段在陈述了观点之后列举了儿时学游泳、骑自行车、接球和击球、记住诗歌和童话故事等多个例子。69according to the author，being able to use multiplication tables is_.aa result of overlearningba special case of crammingca skill to deal with math problemsda basic step towards advanced studies答案a解析推理判断题。文章的中心就是阐述overlearning“过度学习”。倒数第二段的乘法口诀表是作者列举的例子，举例是为了支持自己的论点，是论据，结合这一解题技巧可以帮助我们选择正确答案。当然根据本段的.because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.也能判断出答案。70what is the authors opinion on cramming?ait leads to failure in college exams.bits helpful only in a limited way.cits possible to result in poor memory.dit increases studentslearning interest.答案b解析观点态度题。作者在文章最后一段提到了cramming(突击学习)，陈述了对突击学习应付考试的看法。突击学习可能能应付考试但却不足以应付大学课程的学习，因为容易忘记，即它的作用是有限的。【原题拓展训练】.完成这篇文章的文脉构架图.信息句与长难句分析1(67题信息句)grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.分析：how引导介词by的宾语从句；they learned是一个定语从句，省略了关系代词that，在从句中作learned的宾语。翻译：成年人往往惊诧于为什么对于小时候学过的事情记得那么清楚，尽管之后再也没有进行任何的练习。2(69题信息句)the multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school，because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.分析：the general rule后的that从句是一个同位语从句，that不作成分，仅起连接作用；而the things后面的that从句是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the_things，that在从句中作learn的宾语。翻译：对于我们在学校学到的东西很快就会忘记这个普遍的规律来说，乘法口诀表是一个例外，因为它们是我们在童年时期过度学习的又一个结果。3(70题信息句)the law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习) for an examination，though it may result in a passing grade，is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course.分析：why引导谓语explain的宾语从句，在从句中又含有一个though引导的让步状语从句。宾语从句完整的主干为：why cramming for an examination is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course。翻译：过度学习的法则解释了为什么突击学习能让你在考试中及格，尽管这样，但对于学习大学课程又不是一个令人满意的方法。4a man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.分析：who has not had a chance to go swimming for years是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a man，who在从句中作主语；when he gets back in the water是一个时间状语从句；该句的主干是：a_man_can_still_swim_as_well_as_ever.。翻译：一个长时间都没有机会游泳的人在任何时候回到水里面时，仍然会游得很好。【真题精选对应训练】(2013浙江阅读理解d)in 1974，after filling out fifty applications，going through four interviews，and winning one offer，i took what i could geta teaching job at what i considered a distant wild area：western new jersey.my characteristic optimism was alive only when i reminded myself that i would be doing what i had wanted to do since i was fourteenteaching english.school started，but i felt more and more as if i were in a foreign country.was this rural area really new jersey？my students took a week off when hunting season began.i was told they were also frequently absent in late october to help their fathers make hay on the farms.i was a young woman from new york city，who thought that “make hay while the sun shines” just meant to have a good time.but，still，i was teaching english.i worked hard，taking time off only to eat and sleep.and then there was my sixthgrade classseventeen boys and five girls who were only six years younger than me.i had a problem long before i knew it.i was struggling in my work as a young idealistic teacher.i wanted to make literature come alive and to promote a love of the written word.the students wanted to throw spitballs and whisper dirty words in the back of the room.in college i had been taught that a successful educator should ignore bad behavior.so i did，confident that，as the textbook had said，the bad behavior would disappear as i gave my students positive attention.it sounds reasonable，but the text evidently ignored the fact that humans，particularly teenagers，rarely seem reasonable.by the time my boss，who was also my taskmaster，known to be the strictest，most demanding，most quick to fire inexperienced teachers，came into the classroom to observe me，the students exhibited very little good behavior to praise.my boss sat in the back of the room.the boys in the class were making animal noises，hitting each other while the girls filed their nails or read magazines.i just pretended it all wasnt happening，and went on lecturing and tried to ask some inspiring questions.my boss，sitting in the back of the room，seemed to be growing bigger and bigger.after twenty minutes he left，silently.visions of unemployment marched before my eyes.i felt mildly victorious that i got through the rest of the class without crying，but at my next free period i had to face him.i wondered if he would let me finish out the day.i walked to his office，took a deep breath，and opened the door.he was sitting in his chair，and he looked at me long and hard.i said nothing.all i could think of was that i was not an english teacher；i had been lying to myself，pretending that everything was fine.when he spoke，he said simply，without accusation，“you had nothing to say to them.”“you had nothing to say to them，” he repeated.“no wonder theyre bored.why not get to the meat of the literature and stop talking about symbolism.talk with them，not at them.and more important，why do you ignore their bad behavior？” we talked.he named my problems and offered solutions.we roleplayed.he was the bad student，and i was the forceful，yet，warm，teacher.as the year progressed，we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations.he helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths.in short，he made a teacher of me by teaching the reality of emersons words：“the secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”fifteen years later i still drive that same winding road to the same school.thanks to the help i received that difficult first year，the school is my home now.55it can be inferred from the story that in 1974 _.athe writer became an optimistic personbthe writer was very happy about her new jobcit was rather difficult to get a job in the u