【步步高】（四川专用）高考英语二轮复习 专题知识与增分策略 第三部分 书面表达 问题与对策(1).DOC

专题知识与增分策略 第三部分 书面表达 问题与对策考纲解读普通高中英语课程标准对语言技能目标(八级)“写”的要求如下：(1)能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；(2)能根据文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；(3)能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；(4)能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。从要求来看，书面表达是综合性很强的题目，目的是考查学生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。因此，考生应做到：(1)主题明确；(2)内容充实；(3)结构合理；(4)逻辑性强；(5)语言准确得体。考情分析通过对近三年的高考英语书面表达试题的分析，可以看出高考书面表达有如下特点：1命题理念就题材而言，高考书面表达题贴近学生的生活实际，情景真实，有利于真情实感的表达，使考生有话可说。“源于生活，高于生活”是英语书面表达题近几年来始终保持的主旋律。如：2013年高考书面表达题四川卷讨论学习习惯问题，2012年四川卷介绍自己的英语学习情况，2011年四川卷是关于鼓励同学们积极参加课外活动，都是学生熟悉的话题，符合学生的认知水平和日常生活经历。2命题方式与体裁四川的书面表达多以文字提纲的方式呈现写作要点，以记叙文和应用文居多。试题突出了对考生的英语交际能力、分析和解决问题能力的考查，内容有创新。一、13类常见失分点1主谓不一致(1)three years have passed before we knew it.误three years has passed before we knew it.正(2)every man and every woman like surfing the internet here.误every man and every woman likes surfing the internet here.正(3)many a student have chatted online.误many a student has chatted online.正2时态不一致(1)they talked and talked and soon the bus comes.误they talked and talked and soon the bus came.正(2)he said that he will come to see me soon.误he said that he would come to see me soon.正(3)if you had come earlier，you would see the actress yesterday.误if you had come earlier，you would have seen the actress yesterday.正3词类不一致(1)she seated herself in the sofa and went sleep.误she seated herself in the sofa and went asleep.正(2)after the work，we went home，tiredly and hungry.误after the work，we went home，tired and hungry.正(3)her kind and generosity made me feel at home.误 her kindness and generosity made me feel at home.正4逻辑不一致(1)im eager to show you around some places of interest，but some culture centers.误im eager to show you around some places of interest，or some culture centers.正(2)he went to her and gave her the present he had bought，and she refused to take it and went away.误he went to her and gave her the present he had bought，but she refused to take it and went away.正(3)next time you look at a person，see if his or her face is red and pale.误next time you look at a person，see if his or her face is red or pale.正5代词替代不一致(1)there are so many flowers in the flowershop that i dont know what to buy.误there are so many flowers in the flowershop that i dont know which to buy.正(2)it is us that are to blame for the result because we are too careless.误it is we that are to blame for the result because we are too careless.正(3)she took many photos during her stay in beijing and showed it to me.误she took many photos during her stay in beijing and showed them to me.正6介词多余(1)work hard，and you will make it at some time.误work hard，and you will make it some time.正(2)at the first time she came to see me，i was doing some reading.误the first time she came to see me，i was doing some reading.正(3)considering about everything，the plan is quite practical.误considering everything，the plan is quite practical.正7连词多余(1)she sent me an email，asking whether how i was getting along with my classmates.误she sent me an email，asking how i was getting along with my classmates.正(2)if one more minute，and we can do it easily.误one more minute，and we can do it easily.正(3)because you gave us timely help，so we finished it on time.误because you gave us timely help，we finished it on time.正8冠词多余(1)as we know，the sunday is the first day of a week.误as we know，sunday is the first day of a week.正(2)i prefer this kind of a fruit.误i prefer this kind of fruit.正(3)our teacher usually tells us to behave well in the public places.误our teacher usually tells us to behave well in public places.正9句子成分短缺(1)we all strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.误we are all strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.正(2)what puzzles you actually a puzzle for many parents in china.误what puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in china.正10及物与不及物动词误用(1)all flights this morning have put off because of the thick fog.误all flights this morning have been put off because of the thick fog.正(2)the teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didnt punish for it.误the teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didnt punish me for it.正(3)it is known that everything depends the sunlight for growth.误it is known that everything depends on the sunlight for growth.正11非谓语动词误用(1)he admitted to make a mistake.误he admitted making a mistake.正(2)she objects to be treated like a child.误she objects to being treated like a child.正(3)i regret saying that i cant help you for i have many things to do.误i regret to say that i cant help you for i have many things to do.正(4)the desk needs to repair.误the desk needs repairing./the desk needs to be repaired.正(5)my parents expect me to study science and becoming a scientist.误my parents expect me to study science and become a scientist.正(6)they were made work hard all day long.误they were made to work hard all day long.正(7)i find it easy to be done.误i find it easy to do.正(8)comparing with you，i still have a long way to go.误compared with you，i still have a long way to go.正(9)everything taking into consideration，it is a good plan.误everything taken into consideration，it is a good plan.正12搭配错误(1)as time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.误with time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.正(2)the bridge is in construction.误the bridge is under construction.正(3)so far as i am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.误as far as i am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.正(4)the thief ran to the direction of the hill.误the thief ran in the direction of the hill.正(5)it is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.误there is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.正(6)it wasnt long when we got to the cinema.误it wasnt long before we got to the cinema.正13汉语式表达(1)this is my first time visit to beijing.误this is my first visit to beijing.正(2)i like taiji and it is my most favorite sport.误i like taiji and it is my favorite sport.正(3)our school is two miles far away from here，so youd better take a taxi.误our school is two miles away from here，so youd better take a taxi.正(4)after he returned back，he began to work at once.误after he returned，he began to work at once.正(5)of the two objects，i prefer the blue one better.误of the two objects，i prefer the blue one.正二、高分技巧1恰当使用连词、连接副词等连接句子，可使文章逻辑性强，结构紧凑，层次清晰，意义贯通。last sunday，when my parents went out shopping，i suddenly got an idea: why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning？firstly i collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.then i wiped the dust off all the furniture.after that，i swept and mopped the floors.2恰当选用“贴切、地道的高级词汇”。从书面表达的评分标准可知，运用高级词汇对提高书面表达的“档次”和得分至关重要。通过构词法变化来的新词、使用同(近)义词或反义词来代替常见的词语是选用恰当词汇的有效途径。如下表所列近义词，用左边一栏的词或短语代替右边一栏的词语，会取得比较好的效果。come up with，occur to，have an ideathink ofaccount forexplainappreciatethankthe majority ofmostbe supposed toshouldattend tolook afterbe of n.beadj.the minority ofleastbe crazy about，be absorbed in，be addicted to，be fond oflikeon condition thatas long asvarious，a variety ofdifferentbe worn outtiredbe engaged inbusyin the course ofduringinform sb.of，inform sb.thattelloccasionally，once in a whilesometimes3.适当使用含有“较为丰富的语法结构”的高级句式。感叹句、独立主格结构、特殊句式、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等都属于较复杂的“语法结构”。这些结构的正确、交替使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反应作者的语言运用能力。此外，正确使用一些谚语也能给文章增色不少。(1)感叹句what a wonderful time!(2)独立主格结构with the beautiful moon up in the sky，we sit together and eat moon cakes and fruit，sharing our stories.(3)特殊句式not only will i keep from littering and spitting anywhere，i will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.not until then did i realize words could be powerful in both positive and negative ways.(4)名词性从句it shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.no one can deny the fact that we can have our vision broadened in the process.with another try，they may gain what they dream of.i hope what i will do will make a great difference to them.(5)定语从句in a word，being able to win their friendship in a very short time is the thing that i am proud of most in my life.im sorry i couldnt reply to your email which you sent me a week ago immediately.(6) 状语从句as a con