天津专版2018年高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练5说理议论.docx

第三节 题组训练 5 说理议论A(2017和平区一模)William WPurkey，a well-known professor of education，said，“Dance like no one is watching，love like youll never be hurt，sing like no one is listening，and live like its heaven on earth.” It seems like the perfect life philosophyand one Ive learned to apply to running over the year.But I didnt always feel this way.In my early days，when I weighed 240 pounds，I ran like everyone was watchingand judging.If I was on a run and saw a car approaching，Id stop and pretend I was looking for something Id lost.I bought the high-tech gear and clothes that I thought would make people believe I was a runner.And I didnt have a clue if the expensive shoes I was wearing were the right kind for meI just wanted to look like I fit in with this group.To be honest，I felt a certain satisfaction in believing that someone was watching.I really thought that other people cared about my performance.The best example of this was a combined，two-lap marathon in Florence，Italy.As I approached the finishing line，the crowd began to cheer.I was surprised.Here I was，thousands of miles from home，and the Italians were shouting for “IIPenguino”About 20 yards from the finishing，the truth set in when the winner of the full marathon went past me as I was finishing the half-marathon.No one was cheering for me.No one probably even noticed that I was finishing.I couldnt help but smile at my own illusion of self-importance.Thats when I realized I had been running for every reason except the right one.I ran to make other people happy，ran to live up to their expectations.But no one was watching，no one cared.So I decided I was going to run for mejust meand gained a new enjoyment from the sport I hadnt truly experienced yet.Ive learned to run like no one is watching.So if you see me at race，and I look like a 60-year-old guy waddling(蹒跚) along，dont worry.Im fine.The miracle isnt that I finished.The miracle is that I had the courage to start.语篇解读本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。1The writer presents the passage by .Atelling his running storyBexplaining a life philosophyClisting some life rulesDintroducing quotations答案D解析写作手法题。根据文章第一段第一句可知，本文开篇引用了一个名人的名言来呈现该话题，故选D。2It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that the writer .Aused sports clothes and shoes to attract attentionBwas concerned about what others thought of herCliked to be the focus of other runnersDstruggled to find the right shoes to fit her答案B解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容可知，作者很胖的时候，跑步时总觉得别人在注视她，当有车靠近时，她总会停下来假装在找东西，后来还买了运动衣服以让人们觉得她是一个专业的跑步者，由此可知，作者很在乎别人对她的看法，故选B。3When the writer was near the finishing line， .Ashe smiled at her own achievementBthe crowd cheered for her madlyCnobody really cared about her runningDshe realized the importance of confidence答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二、三句“No one was cheering for me.No one probably even noticed that I was finishing.”可知，当作者在跑步时，没有人为她喝彩，快要跑完全程时，似乎也没有人注意到，故选C。4Now the writer thought the reason for running is to .Alive up to others expectationsBcreate a miracle in her own lifeCenjoy the pleasure of runningDrun like no one is watching答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“So I decided I was going to run for mejust meand gained a new enjoyment from the sport I hadnt truly experienced yet.”可知，我决定我应该为自己而奔跑，去享受运动给我带来的快乐，故选C。5By telling her own story，the writer wanted to .Atell us to live a life of our ownBinspire more people to runCexpect us to improve our health by runningDstress the importance of determination答案A解析写作意图题。本文主要讲述了作者最初跑步时是为了让别人快乐，不辜负他们的期望。后来发现，跑步应该享受运动带来的快乐，该为自己而生活，不是愉悦他人。故选A。B(2017天津五校联考一模)In spite of sex discrimination of keeping women down，new research finds another aspect of womens characters：girls are more likely to talk about school successes than boys.Researchers from Hanover College and the University of Louisville came to this conclusion.After all，girls are usually taught to be modest，instead of bragging.Basically，girls share more because they believe that success in school is good and that theyll be socially rewarded for it.Girls think that talking about their academic successes will build friendships.Boys seem to share less，because on average，they think its uncool to be good at school，and would prefer to become the class clown or something even if they really are smart.Because the trend starts as early as mid-childhood，theres a long time for these differences to affect motivation and actual school performance.This trend continues all the way through college.Girls tend to be better at self-regulation than boys，which allows them to set academic goals，and achieve them.Girls find academic environments easier to control while boys higher energy levels and impulsiveness(易冲动)cause behavioral problems possibly contributing to the lower grades.Some aspects of the gender schooling gap are troubling.Especially as success depends more on educational attainment and qualifications and less on physical strength，boys who cant or wont do schoolwork put themselves at a disadvantage for life.On the other hand，there are new problems for adult females，though，and normal pride in girls turns into arrogance(傲慢) and bossy behavior in adult women.If women seem less proud of their accomplishments than they were as girls，it might just be a reasonable response to standards in the workplace.Women get worse performance reviews than men，like that youre “bossy” if youre over confident etc.I would suggest that you channel your inner schoolgirl.In the workplace you cant stop obvious sex discrimination on your own，but you can learn to be proud of your accomplishments in a mature way.Whether others respond properly to that or not，youll feel better about yourself at the end of the day.语篇解读研究表明女孩子比男孩子更容易谈论学业成就。6What does the underlined word “bragging” in the second paragraph refer to?ATalking too proudly.BSpeaking highly of.CPaying more attention.DExpressing dishonestly.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“.girls are more likely to talk about school successes than boys.”可知，女孩子比男孩子更有可能谈论在学校的种种成就，而且bragging与前面的modest意义相反，不谦虚即为过度骄傲。故选A。7What can we know about girls?AGirls dont like mentioning their academic successes.BGirls consider their successes are beneficial to their friendship.CGirls would like to act like a clown in class to be really cool.DGirls find it much harder to control themselves than boys.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Girls think that talking about their academic successes will build friendships.”可知，女孩子认为谈论学习上的成就可以建立友谊，故选B。8What can we learn from Paragraph 5?AMales success has no relation to their educational background.BMales success relies on physical strength and less on education.CFemales normal pride maybe has a bad effect on themselves.DFemales pride easily makes them get better performance reviews.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第五段中的“.normal pride in girls turns into arrogance(傲慢) and bossy behavior in adult women.”，即女孩子们正常的骄傲会转变为成年女性的傲慢，可知选C。9What is the authors suggestion to adult females?AListen to what other schoolgirls around them are saying.BKeep a normal attitude to their achievements in work.CBe proud of their achievements as they were young.DTry to feel better about themselves at any place.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段首句“I would suggest that you channel your inner schoolgirl.”可知，作者建议成年女性要有正确的心态，故选B。10What is the main idea of the passage?ASex discrimination is not good for women.BEducational attainment is not to boys advantage.CBoys like to act as a class clown leading to bad grades.DGirls pay more attention to academic successes than boys.答案D解析主旨大意题。根据第一段以及最后一段的内容可知，本文主要讲述了女孩子无论在学校还是在工作上都比男孩子更容易谈论成就，故选D。C(2016南开区一模)Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness，happiness，goodness，and self-respect？The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor” helps you create this life of good feelings.Heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item.If we keep silent，and profit from the clerks mistake，we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement.Later we might tell our family or friends about our good fortune.On the other hand，if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item，the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty.We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.Then，what is it to do with our sense of happiness?In the first case，where we dont tell the clerk，a couple of things would happen.Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief.In the process，we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect.We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted，since we advertise our dishonor by telling our family and friends.We damage our own reputations by telling others.In contrast，bringing the error to the clerks attention causes different things to happen.Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable.Upon leaving the store，we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased.Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions.Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions.Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence.And its easy to think and act honorably again when were happy.While the positive cycle can be difficult to start，once its started，its easy to continue.Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind，which is important for our happiness.语篇解读本文为议论文，题材为社会生活。本文的中心思想为“快乐源自我们自身的善举”。11According to the passage，the positive action in the example contributes to our .Aself-respect Bfinancial rewardsCadvertising ability Dfriendly relationship答案A解析细节理解题。第三段尾句“We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor.”和第五段倒数第二句“Upon leaving the store，we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased.”可知选A。12The author thinks that keeping silent about the uncharged item is equal to .Alying BstealingCcheating Dadvertising答案B解析细节理解题。由第五段第二句“Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief.”可知作者认为如果不说出实情，那就跟小偷没有区别。13The phrase “bringing the error to the clerks attention” (in Para.5) means “ ”Atelling the truth to the clerkBoffering advice to the clerkCasking the clerk to be more attentiveDreminding the clerk of the charged item答案A解析词义猜测题。由语境可知画线短语意为“提醒店员的失误”，故选A。14How will we feel if we let the clerk know her mistake?AWell be very excited.BWell feel unfortunate.CWell have a sense of honor.DWell feel sorry for the clerk.答案C解析细节理解题。由倒数第二段倒数第二、三句“Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable.Upon leaving the store，we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased.”可知答案选C。15Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?AHow to Live TruthfullyBImportance of PeacefulnessCWays of Gaining Self-respectDHappiness Through Honorable Actions答案D解析标题归纳题。正如文章所述：快乐源自我们自身的善举，故D为最佳标题。D(2017南开区三模)Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation(创新) that threatens the survival of companies everywhere.Its based on the assumption that old ideas will always work，so they shouldnt be challenged.While this may be a valid assumption in situations that dont change，its unlikely to hold true in a changing situation.In todays rapid changing global environment，old methods often dont work，and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems.Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security.If everyone else believes it，then it must be true.Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right，and being right is good.They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work.In 1977，Ken Olsen，co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)，stated “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home”Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry，DEC no longer exists.People seem to forget that since innovation is a change，there can be no innovation without change.Unfortunately，conventional wisdom prevents leaders，followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating.If companies dont innovate，but their competitors do，the future is likely to be problematic.Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries，so it has a powerful effect on business success.Ted Turner (founder of CNN) knew little，if anything，about the news business，but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour，as was common before CNN.Turners solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24 hours a day.The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time，and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day.However，it doesnt take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers dont have to watch the news all day for the CNN to work.Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information.Due to conventional thinking，the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted.They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future.Conventional wisdom prevents creativity，flexibility and risk-taking，so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it.To survive，thrive and maintain competitive advantage，companies must be flexible when reacting to change.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者主要论述了墨守成规是创新的主要障碍，它会威胁到一家企业的生存，同时指出勇于创新才是成功之道。16The auth