广东省深圳市学八年级英语下册 Chapter 14基础知识归纳与练习 牛津深圳版.doc

chapter1-4基础知识归纳与练习单词归纳与练习n.memory, article, mind, topic, death, president, vehicle, frame, repair, excuse, note, wallet, millionaire, history, success, line, church, chief, expression, storm, wave, environment, atmosphere, sunlight, warmth, heat, level, flood, countryside, result, choice, pop, director, protection, state, organization, trip, thought, exchange, host, aim, government, situation, scholarship, sightseeing, tour, information, detail, arrival, steam, view, passport, square, climate, geographyv.imagine, end, cost, show, absorb, act, create, reach, prefer, solve, move, improveadj.injured, strange, amazed, bad-tempered, pale, lifeless, educational, confident adv.exactly, together, instead, around, deeply【练一练】i根据句意及汉语提示填写单词，使句子完整、通顺。1. dont worry about the _ (结果) of this game.2. you can not _ (想象) how famous the person is.3. they both feel that they dont have the same _ (话题) to talk about.4. he can always find many _ (借口) when he is late for school.5. the living condition in the countryside has been _ (改善) a lot.6. they spent their winter holiday in a beautiful _ (乡村).7. thomas edison always asked some _ (奇怪的) questions at school.8. the _ (到来) of the spring makes mountains look lively.9. his mother goes to the _ (教堂) every sunday.10. mike was good at _ (地理) when he was in middle school.ii根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11. the memorial hall was built one year after his _ (die).12. all of the students were shocked by the _ (amaze) news.13. “will the charity show be a _ (succeed)?” i kept asking myself14. the scientist tried giving life to the _ (life) things.15. he was pleased by the _ (warm) of his welcome.16. you can make a _ (choose) among those programmes.17. the sixth grade saw an _ (education) film yesterday.18. he was _ (deep) moved by the story.19. poetry is a beautiful way to express _ (think) and feelings.20. unfortunately, both of his legs were _ (injure) seriously in a car accident.根句首字母提示填写单词，使句子完整、通顺。21. bob has a bad m _. he can never recite a text completely.22. i think nothing can make andy change his m _.23. tom has just finished writing a nine-hundred-word a _.24. beijing, the capital of china, has a long h _.25. changes in the climate are due to me pollution of the a _.26. water is changed into steam by h _ and into ice by cold.27. im leaving for canada on a study t _ next week.28. barack hussein obama is the 56th & 57th p _ of the usa.29. mary is c _ about getting high marks in the final exam.30. you will be happy if you stay with a h _ family when you study in the usa.词组归纳与练习1. go wrong 出现问题；发生故障2. for example 例如3. pay attention to 注意4. a number of 一些5. break down 抛锚6. be in trouble with 与之间有麻烦7. in total 一共8. getinto trouble 使陷入麻烦中9. come to life 变得更有趣；变得活跃10. keep a diary 记日记11. mountains of 许多；大量12. in the form of 以的形式13. all the way 一路上；自始至终14. take action 采取行动15. keep in touch 保持练习16. in case 万一；如果17. look forward to 期待18. the same as 和一样19. be in danger 在危险中20. play a trick on (someone) 捉弄（某人）【练一练】i从以上所归纳的词组中选择合适的词组填空，注意用其适当形式。1. things started _ after they moved to live in the city centre.2. marys skirt is _ her sisters. 3. many countries, _, china and america, have a lot of beautiful views.4. we _ with each other by email.5. we were very good _.6. this movie is two hours _.7. their car _ on the way to the park yesterday.8. it is a good habit to _ every day.9. one day he tried _ his brother.ii根据汉语意思及英文提示补全句子，使句子完整、通顺。10. 我们要做的工作堆积如山。 we have _ work to do.11. 她以故事的形式把她的过去讲给我们听。 she told her past to us _ story.12. 把电话号码写下来以免忘了。 write the telephone number down _ you forget.13. 她和她哥哥之间总是有麻烦。 she is always _ her brother.14. 学生们应该在课堂上注意听老师讲课。 students should _ their teachers during the class.15我期盼着再见到他。 i _ him again.16. 自从和爷爷生活在一起，这个安静的女孩变得活泼起来。 the quiet girl has _ since she lived with her grandpa.17. 许多孩子同意这个看法。 _ children agreed with this idea.18你一定不能告诉别人这件事，不然我们会有麻烦。 you mustnt tell others about this, or we will _.19. 现在是采取行动的时候了。 now it is time to _.句型归纳与练习1. be good at sth 擅长做某事2. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事3. keepstopprevent it sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事4. in order that 为了5. focus ones attention on sth 集中注意力在某事上6. be full of. 充满7. try to do sth 尝试做某事8. it is easydifficult/ fun/ strange to do sth 做某事很容易/困难/有趣/奇怪9. make sb do sth 让某人做某事10. be different from 与不同11. (not)asas 和（不）一样12. preferto 宁愿也不愿13. be harmful to 对有害14. be grateful to sb 对某人表示感激15. be afraid of doing sth 害怕【练一练】根据中文意思补全句子。1她害怕晚上出门。 she _ at night.2他们很难在这么短的时间内找出新的办法。 _ a new way in such a short time. 3这张照片和那张照片不一样。 this picture _ that one.4说的清楚点，让所有人都能理解。 speak clearly _ everybody can understand you.5迈克和约翰一样高。 mike is _ john。6激昂的音乐让我很想跳舞。 stirring music _ to dance.7我父母不允许我在工作日看电视。 my parents dont _ on weekdays.8喝太多饮料对你的身体不好。 drinking too much alcohol _ your health.9她喜欢这本书胜过那本。 she _ this book _ that one. 10. 那不会阻止我们拯救地球。that should never _ our earth.语法归纳与练习语法一： if的用法 if表示“如果；假如”，用来表示假设。下面我们先通过做题了解一下所掌握的知识点。【练习导航】( ) 1. studying in groups is necessary _ you want to do well in school. a. if b. until c. unless d. though【答案与解析】答案为a。考查if的用法。句意：如果想在学校里学习好，必须和同学一起学习。( ) 2. _ you need money, i can give you some. a. unless b. although c. why d. if【答案与解析】答案是d。考查if的用法。在if句子里，如果if从句放在主句前边，if从句后边要有逗号。句意：如果你需要钱，我可以给你一些。( ) 3. my little brother gets sad _ i dont take him out to play with my friends. a. until b. if c. and d. but【答案与解析】答案是b。考查if的用法。在if句子中，如果if表示的结果是确定的，则if从句和主句的时态一致。句意：如果我不带我弟弟出去跟我朋友们玩，他就不高兴。( ) 4. _ you ask him, he will help you. a. though b. unless c. if d. even【答案与解析】答案是c。句意：如果你问他，他就会帮助你。在if句子中，如果if表示的结果是可能发生的或还未发生的，则if从句和主句的时态不一致。【指点迷津】if引导条件状语从句，如果if从句放在句首，那么if从句后边要加上逗号。 eg. if you study hard, you can get good results in your exam. 如果你努力学习，你就能在考试中取得好成绩。if句子中主句和从句的时态可能一致，也可能不一致。如果if引导的结果是肯定的，则前后的时态一致，if从句用一般现在时，主句也用一般现在时。eg. a baby cries if he or she feels hungry. 如果婴儿饿了，他（她）会哭。 如果if引导的结果是可能发生的或还没有发生的，则主句和从句的时态不一致，if从句用一般现在时，主句则用一般将来时。 eg. if it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the park. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去公园了。 可以用unless代替ifnot，表示“除非”。 eg. im not happy unless you go there with me. 除非你和我一起去，否则我就不开心。【练一练】i选择最佳答案。( ) 1. if bob _ away from the junk food, he will be in good health. a. stay b. will stay c. stays d. staying( ) 2. you will never succeed _ you work hard. a. unless b. if c. although d. though( ) 3. we will stay at home _ the weather is bad. a. though b. unless c. if d. that( ) 4. if you buy a present for your mothers birthday next week, she _ very happy. a. is b. was c. are d. will be( ) 5. you will not understand your teacher _ you _ pay attention to her during the class. a. if; / b. if; dont c. until; d. unless; dont语法二： 比较事物常用句型 比较事物有很多种句型，除了比较级，用原级表示的句型中主要包括like，the same as，different from，(not) asas等，下面我们先通过做题了解一下需要掌握的知识点。【练习导航】( ) 1. his shirt is _ his brothers. a. like b. as c. same d. different【答案与解析】答案是a。考查like的用法。句意是：他的衬衫和他哥哥的很像。( ) 2. america is a country _ china. a. the same as b. the like c. different from d. as【答案与解析】答案是c。考查different from的用法。“a is different from b”的意思是a和b不一样，美国当然和中国不一样，故选c。( ) 3. he looks _ before. a. different b. different as c. the same asd. the same【答案与解析】答案是c。考查the same as的用法。句意：他看起来和以前一样。( ) 4. mary is _ clever _ rose. a. like; as b. as; like c. like; like d. as; as【答案与解析】答案是d。考查asas的用法。句意：玛丽和罗斯一样聪明。【指点迷津】当我们要表达a和b一样时，用“a is the same as b”表示；当我们要表达a和b很相像时，用“a is like b”表示；当我们要表达a和b不一样时，用“a is different from b表示。 eg. her skirt is the same as yours. lucys eyes are like her mothers. this story is different from that one.原级常用的比较句型有“a+be+as+形容词原级副词原级+as+b”表示“a和b程度相同”。 eg. tom is as tall as jerry. he does his work as quickly as you.用“a+be+(not)+as+形容词原级副词原级+as+b”表示“a和b程度不一样”。 eg. i am not as bright as my sister.this girl does not walk as fast as that boy.【练一练】 i选择最佳答案。( ) 6. look! she is wearing a sweater _ as yours. a. different b. the same c. 1ike d. same( ) 7. this girl really looks _ her father. a. like b. as c. different d. the like( ) 8. this telephone is really _ that one. a. the same b. as like c. likes d. different from( ) 9. do you think that you can speak english _ quickly _ your teacher?a. as; like b. like; as c. as; as d. like; like( ) 10. the wind today is _ strong _ yesterday. a. not as; as b. not as; like c. not like; as d. not as; not as( ) 11. - what do you think of the film you saw yesterday? - oh, it is _ the one we saw together last month. a. as interesting like b. as interesting as c. not interesting as d. not interesting like语法三： 形容词后跟动词不定式的结构 在“it+be.+形容词+to do sth”的句式里，不定式是真止的主语，意为：做某事太（很）下面我们先通过做题了解一下需要掌握的知识点。【练习导航】 ( ) 1. i always think that it is nice _ in the countryside. a. for live b. to live c. to live d. of live【答案与解析】答案是b。考查形容词后跟动词不定式的结构。it is nice后边要接动词的不定式。句意：我总是认为住在乡下很好。 ( ) 2. it is _ him change his mind. a. not easy to make b. easy not to make c. not easy to making d. easy not to making【答案与解析】答案是a。查形容词后跟动词不定式的结构。“it + be + not+形容词+to do的句式意为：做某事太（很）不其中形容词要放在not的后边。句意：让他改变主意很困难。( ) 3. it is so kind _ you _ help so many old people. a. of; for b. for; for c. of; to d. for; to【答案与解析】答案是c。考查形容词后跟动词不定式的结构。“it+be+形容词+of sb+to do sth”意为：某人做某事太（很）此句句意：你帮助这么多老年人，真的很善良。( ) 4. this book is _. a. easy to read b. easily to reading c. easy to reading d. easily to reading【答案解析】答案是a。考查形容词后跟动词不定式的结构。“sth+be+形容词+to do”意为：某事起来太（很）句意：这本书读起来很容易。【指点迷津】“it+be+形容词+to do sth”表示“做某事太（很）”此句中不定式为真正主语，否定时not要放在be和形容词之间。 eg. it is hard to climb such a high mountain. 爬这样高的山很困难。 it is not difficult to answer this question. 回答这个问题并不困难。可以用“it+be+形容词+offor sb to do sth”表示“某人做某事太（很）” 如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish 等，用of sb. eg. it is careless of him to make such a foolish mistake. 他犯这样的错误太粗心了。如果形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for sb，这类形容词有difficult, easy，hard，important，dangerous, possible等。 eg. it is impossible for this little girl to wash clothes by herself. 这么小的女孩不可能自己洗衣服。“sth+be+形容词+to do”意为：某事起来太（很）sth有时可以用they等代替，表示某事的性质。 eg. trees are easy to draw. 树木画起来很容易。【练一练】i根据汉语意思及英文提示补全句子，使句子完整、通顺。12. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。 it is _ _ _ to finish the work.13. 你那样说很有礼貌。 it is _ _ _ to say like that.14. 这道题做起来很难。 this question _ _ _ do.15. 找到那本已经丢失的书是不可能的。 it is _ _ _ that lost book.16. 每天练习英语是很重要的。 it is very _ _ _ english every day.语法四： 目的状语从句和结果状语从句的用法 由连词so. that，in order that引导的句子叫做目的状语从句。由sosuchthat引导的句子叫做结果状语从句。我们先通过做题来了解一下所掌握的知识点。【练习导航】( ) 1. the movie was _ boring _ he fell asleep before it ended. a. too; to b. enough; to c. so; that d. such; that【答案与解析】答案为c。考查sothat引导的结果状语从句的用法。句意：电影太无聊了，他没看完就睡着了。( ) 2. today is _ beautiful day that we should go out for a walk. a. so a b. such a c. so d. such【答案与解析】答案为b。考查suchthat引导的结果状语从句的用法。句意：今天天气太好了，我们应该出去散步。( ) 3. he studies hard in order to get high marks in the final exam. (同义句转换) he studies hard _ _ _ he can get high marks in the final exam.【答案与解析】答案为in order that。考查in order that引导的目的状语从句的用法。句意：他努力学习，为了在期末考试中取得好成绩。( ) 4. jenny chose a black blouse in order that she can look slimmer. (同义句转换) jenny chose a black blouse _ _ she can look slimmer.【答案与解析】答案为so that。考查so that引导的目的状语从句的用法。so that=in order that。句意：珍妮挑了一件黑色的衬衫为了能看起来瘦一点。【指点迷津】so that /in order that+句子，表示“为了，以便”。 eg. he is running so fast so thatin order that he can catch that bus. 他飞快地跑为了能赶上那辆公车。“in order to+动词原形”表示“为了，以便”，相当于“so as to+动词原形”。 eg. he is running so fast in order toso as to catch that bus.“so+adj.adv.+(aan)+名词+that=such + (a /an+adj.+名词+that”，表示“如此以至于，如“so clever a boy：such a clever boy”。 eg. it is so cold a day that you should wear warm clothes. it is such a cold day that you should wear warm cloths.【练一练】i根据汉语意思及英文提示补全句子，使句子完整、通顺。17昨天天气太好了，所以我们决定在海滩上玩游戏。 it was _ lovely weather yesterday _ we decided to play games on the beach.18. 我们到的早，所以得到了好座位。 we arrived _ early _ we got good seats.19他这个人太懒，他从不想去工作。 he is _ _ lazy man _ he never wants to go to work.20这个小女孩太可爱了，她的家人都深深地爱着她。 this girl is _ lovely _ all her family love h