云南省陇川县第一中学高一英语《Unit4 Astronomy》教学设计（一）.doc

云南省陇川县第一中学高一英语unit4 astronomy教学设计（一）warming up, reading and comprehending一、teaching content1. talk about the problems with diet.2. talk about balanced diet and nutrition.二、important words and phrases1. theory n学说；理论theoretical adj.理论上的2. begin with 以.为起点；起源于.；开始做. start with 以.为开始；从.着手 end with 以.结束； end in 以.结尾3. violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴力violently adv.猛烈地4. unlike prep.不同；不像dislike vt.不喜欢 be unlike. = be different from unlike sth./sb. 位于句首，常用于表示对比。5harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的harm n&vt. 损伤；伤害harmless adj. 无害的harmlessness n. 无害be harmful to 对有害do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害do more harm than good 弊大于利there is (no) harm in (sb.s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有(无)害处。it does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事有(无)害处。mean no harm 没有恶意eg. (1)fruit juice can be harmful to childrens teeth.果汁可能损坏儿童的牙齿。(2)what he did _ harmed his reputation. 他所做的损害了他的名声。6. multiply v. 乘，增加，繁殖eg.(1) 2 multiplied by 4 makes 8. (2) 2 added to 1 is /makes 3. (3) 4 divided by 2 is 2.7. lay eggs 下蛋 lay down 放下；牺牲，铺设；制定 lay off 解雇；停止 lay aside 把.放在一边 =put aside8exist vi. 存在；生存；维持生活existent adj. 存在的，现存的existence n. 存在，生存there exists/existed.某地有，存在exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生 exist by 靠生存come into existence 开始存在；成立bring into existence 使发生，产生eg. (1)they exist on very little food. 他们靠极少的食物来生存。(2)that word doesnt _ exist in english. 英语中没有这个词。9. give birth to产生；分娩eg. what he said gave birth to a dispute.10puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂n. 难题；谜puzzling adj. 令人困惑的puzzled adj. 感到困惑的puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨puzzle sth. out 琢磨出的答案；开动脑筋be in a puzzle about sth. 对某事迷惑不解set a puzzle for sb.(set sb. a puzzle) 出个谜语叫某人猜be puzzled by 被迷惑eg. (1)its quite _a_ _ puzzle_ _to_ us why he did that.他为何做那样的事，我们完全搞不懂。(2)this sentence _ puzzles_ me. 这个句子令我困惑。11in ones turn轮到某人；接着in turn依次；轮流；转而；反过来by turns轮流；交替take ones turn轮到某人做了take turns依次；轮班，轮流eg.we kept watch _ by_ _ turns_.we _ took_ _ turns_ to keep watch. 我们轮流守望。12prevent.from 阻止；制止stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事protect sb. from.保护某人不受侵袭，挡住，防御keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事eg. (1)what can we do to _ prevent/stop/keep_ this disease _ from_ _spreading_？我们能做什么来防止这种疾病蔓延呢？(2)dont _ keep_ others _ waiting_ for long.不要让别人等太久。提示：(1)在被动句中 from 均不能省略。如：we were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我们无法外出。(2)protect.from.中 from后接能带来伤害或损害之事物。如：they huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他们挤在一起，免受风吹。三、sentence structures1. what it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. be to do.必将会.；命中注定.,用来表示不可避免将要发生的事时，通常用过去时。、eg. this discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease. be to do的常见用法：（1）表示“将”、“计划”、“安排”。(意思接近于be going to)如： their daughter is to get married soon. who is to question him？（2）表示“义务”、“应该” 。(意思接近于should， must， ought to， have to)如： no one is to leave the building.谁也不得离开这楼房。 you are not to smoke in this room.=you are not supposed to smoke in this room. you are to be back by 10 oclock.你必须十点以前回来。（3）表示可能性,相当于can, may如: such books are to be found in the library.这样的书在图书馆里就能找到。 not a single sound was to be heard.一点儿声音也听不到。 （4）用于“ifwere to do”，表示虚拟语气。如： if it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨,运动会就会延期。2. the earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.so.that “如此.以至于.”引导结果状语从句suchthat作“如此以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与sothat意思相同，但用法不同。如：sothat这一结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，而such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）。因此， suchthat的句型结构可分以下三种： 1) sucha(an)adj.单数可数名词thatclause he is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。 he was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher. 他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。 2)suchadj.复数可数名词thatclause they are such interesting novels that i want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。 3)suchadj.不可数名词thatclause4this produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就形成一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。本句中 it做形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式短语 for life to develop。it做形式宾语还可以代替动名词或从句。eg. he thinks it his duty to help others. 他认为帮助别人是他的职责。he made it a rule to get up at six every morning. 他把每天早晨6点起床作为一项规定。you may depend on it that were honest. 你可以相信我们是诚实的。拓展：it还可以做形式主语，代替真正的主语不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词(或动名词复合结构)或从句。(1)itsadj.for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是的。(2)itsadj.of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事(3)its/was/.who/that.是某人/某物做(4)it is/was the序数词timethat.主语have/had done. 这是某人第次做(5)it is (high) time that.主语did/should do. 是该做的时候了。(6)its said/reported/believed/announced that. 据说/据报道/据猜测/据称(7)its a pity/a shame/a wonder.that. 可惜/遗憾/奇怪的是(8)it happens/appears/seems that. 恰巧/看来/好像(9)it looks/seems as if. 看起来好像(10)its up to sb. to do. 该某人做了eg. (1)he didnt make _it_ clear when and where the meeting would be held.5but when i tried to step forward, i found i was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。倍数的表达方式有：(1)“a倍数形容词或副词的比较级thanb”，表示“a比b大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”。(2)“a倍数as形容词或副词的原级asb”，表示“a是b的多少倍”。(3)“a倍数the size/height/length/width, etc.ofb”，表示“a是b的多少倍”。(4)“a倍数what从句”，表示“a是的多少倍”。asia is four times as large as europe.the size of asia is four times that of europe.asia is four times the size of europe.asia is three times larger than europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(比欧洲大三倍)。6.walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习(1)句中 does need是一种强调句式。在一般句型中，do (does, did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，译为“真的”“的确”“确实”等。you do look nice today. 你今天看起来真的很漂亮。jack said he would come and he did come. 杰克说他要来，他果真来了。在祈使句中，do表示强烈的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使邀请对方的心意显得更加客气、热情、友好，而且亲切，此时的 do可译为“千万，务必”等。please do sit down. 务必请坐下。do be careful next time. 下次千万要小心。(2)now that 在句中引导原因状语从句，相当于 since，意为“既然，由于”，that 可省略。now that you have finished your work, youd better have a rest. 既然工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。辨析：now that/because/since/as/fornow that 说明已经成为事实的原因，常译为“既然”。because 语气最强，回答的是用 why提问的问句，表示直接的或为人所不知的原因。since与 as语气较 because 弱，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。since 侧重主句，as主从并重，语气比 since 弱。for是连词，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释，不一定是真正的原因，不能放在主句前面。why did you do this? 你为什么这么做？because it is good for you. 因为这对你有好处。since you have known it, i wont repeat it. 既然你已经知道了，我就不重复了。wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. 穿上结实的鞋子，因为我们要走不少路。it rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚下雨了，因为地面是湿的。四、readingstep 1 pre-reading1. show students a picture about solar system. let them match the names with the planets. each religion and culture has its own ideas about the origin of life on the earth. let students tell different stories that they know.2. predicting by looking and discussing(1) look at the pictures and title of the reading passage and discuss in pairs what the passage might be about.(2) two or three students will give their opinions.(3) let them read the passage quickly to see if they are right.step 2 while-reading1. give students 3 minutes, and ask them to skim the passage to get the general idea for each paragraph and the passage.2. allow students to read the passage carefully this time to get the important details, and then put the order of development of life into a timeline.(1) insects and amphibians appeared.(2) dinosaurs appeared.(3) the earth became a solid ball.(4) small plants grow on the water.(5) reptiles appeared.(6) plants begin to grow on dry land.(7) the earth was a cloud of dust.(8) water appeared on the earth.(9) shellfish and other fish appeared.(10) the universe began with a “big bang”.(11) clever animals with hands and feet appeared.(12) mammals appeared.3. give students 5 minutes to read the passage carefully, and then answer the following questions.1) what was there on the earth before life began?2) why do scientists think there has never been life on the moon?3) why did animals first appear in the sea?4) why do green plants help life to develop?5) why were mammals different from other animals?4. give students 4 minutes to read the passage a third time. encourage them to try to deal with the language points in the context. give them some explanations if nec