山东省日照市高考英语完形类和阅读类暑假选练（1）.doc

山东省日照市2016高考英语完形类和阅读类暑假选练（1）完型填空。阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从以下题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。every living thing in an ecosystem depends in some way upon other living and nonliving things in the ecosystem.the living things in an ecosystem are 1._ producers or consumers. producers dont eat other living things. producers make food. green plants are called primary producers. plants use nonliving nutrition，such as 2._ chemicals in soil and water to help them make food. they use energy in sunlight to make food. they also use carbon dioxide in air to make food.consumers are animals eating 3._ living things. animals 4._ _ only eat plants are called herbivores(食草动物)herbivores are primary consumers. rabbits，mice, 5._ planteating insects are primary consumers.animals eating other animals are called carnivores(食肉动物)carnivores 6._ bears and hawks are secondary consumers. ecosystems also have decomposers(分解者)decomposers break 7._dead plants，animals and animal wastes. they turn dead material and waste 8._ chemical nutrition. plants take in the nutrition with their roots. they use the nutrition to make more food.(六)【要点综述】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了生物圈里生物之间的依存关系。1either这里是eitheror的搭配。2thechemicals在这里表示特指，因为其被in soil and water修饰。3other消费者是吃其他的(other)生物的动物。4that/which引导定语从句，先行词为animals，指物用that或which。5andrabbit，mice和planteating insects之间是并列关系，所以要用and。6likelike是介词，作“如，像”讲。7downbreak down是固定短语，意为“分解”，通常指化学变化。8intoturninto把变成语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(原创)a boy lost in the wilderness was saved by a kangaroo. thats the story floating around after simon kruger, a 7-year-old boy, 1(rescue)from australias deep creek conservation park. according to australias 7 news, the story began2simon wandered off after the family ate a picnic lunch. apparently the boy3drifted away to pick flowers for his mom got hopelessly lostand without adequate warm clothing to stay out overnight in the forest. a police search, including helicopters, followed. 4simon wasnt found for 24 hourseven though he was5(ultimate)discovered only about half a kilometer6the familys campsite. his father etienne kruger thinks7son was disoriented(不辨方向的)when the rain and wind swept in after he got lost. the overnight weather was cold and wet, dropping to a low of around 438(degree)fahrenheit. so how did the lost boy survive the cold, wet night? the family said that simons flowers for his mom attracted9kangaroo. his dad explained: “a kangaroo came closer to him to eat the flowers from him, and fell asleep next to him. i think god sent a kangaroo10(keep)him warm. ”【文章大意】7岁男孩西蒙克鲁格在澳大利亚的深溪保护区公园走失, 因袋鼠帮助取暖而获救。1. 【解析】was rescued。考查语态。rescue和主语simon kruger之间是被动关系, 且是发生在过去的动作, 应用一般过去时的被动语态。2. 【解析】when。考查连词。句意: 根据澳大利亚7news的报道, 这个故事始于西蒙全家的一顿野餐, 野餐后西蒙一个人在丛林里闲逛。when引导时间状语从句。3. 【解析】who。考查关系代词。who引导的定语从句修饰the boy, 且在从句中作主语。4. 【解析】but。考查连词。由上下文可知, 此处表转折, 应用but连接。5. 【解析】ultimately。考查副词。修饰动词(was discovered), 应用副词。6. 【解析】from。考查介词。表示距离用from。7. 【解析】his。考查物主代词。代替主语etienne kruger, 用物主代词his。8. 【解析】degrees。考查名词。degree是可数名词, “华氏43度”应用复数形式。9. 【解析】a。考查冠词。此处泛指一只袋鼠, 应加不定冠词a。10. 【解析】to keep。考查不定式。send sb. to do sth. 派某人做某事, 不定式作宾语补足语。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。wad：hi, fred.where have you been?mike：ive been to the _1_ and borrowed some english books.whats wrong?wad：i thought youd been to the post office.did you notice _2_ money i left on the desk?mike：yes, $10 altogether.but i didnt know what it was for.wad：didnt you see the note i left you with the money?mike：note? what note? i didnt see any note.wad：_3_(real)? thats very strange.i left the money with a note _4_(say) i wanted you to go to the post office and get some envelopes and stamps for me.i also put the ink bottle on them _5_ they might not draw your attention.mike：i see now.why cant you go and get them _6_？the post office is only about 30 minutes walk from here.we often walk there after supper.wad：of course i know how far it is from school.i _7_ go there myself because im very busy _8_(do) some chemistry experiments in the lab.and _9_， i have to prepare for my english exam. you know i _10_(fail) the last one.if i cant pass this time, a hard time will be waiting for me.【参考答案】1.library2.the3.really4.saying5.in case/if6yourself7.cant8.doing9.whats more/besides 10failed【2015高考复习】阅读理解does stress cause gray hair？many people believe that tension and stress can cause your hair to lose its color.in fact，it is an_old_wives_tale that being upset all the time can result in premature graying.here is a closer look at this situation and why some believe that this old wives tale could be true.as one ages，the hairs on the head also age.in fact，just about everything on the human body begins to show signs of wear and tear after a while.the joints wear and become stiff and skin wears and becomes wrinkled.hairs on the head grow and eventually die.they are replaced，but in the process something else happens.when new hairs are replaced，the color or pigment (色素) is also added to them.however，as one ages，this pigment becomes less and less available.at first，hairs will have a limited amount of pigment and they will appear to be grayish in color.in time，they will lose all of their pigment and will be white.many things are known to cause graying，and genetics is a very powerful factor.if one of your parents turns gray at an early age，there is a good chance that you will too.some people begin the graying process in high school，while others may be over the age of forty.constant worry and tension can have many harmful effects on the human body.it is a known fact that stressful times can cause one to suffer hair loss.it would make sense that if it can cause these problems，perhaps it also may contribute to graying.however，there is no sound evidence to support this.on the other hand，many medical professionals believe that there may be a link between graying and a constant state of anxiety or tension.does stress cause gray hair？there is no scientific evidence to support the theory，but it is best to avoid stressful situations.【语篇解读】压力会导致头发变白吗？许多人相信情况是这样的。本文从年龄和基因两方面谈了头发变白的原因，持续的压力和忧虑对于身体是有害的，可导致脱发。但是，究竟压力和头发变白之间是否有联系，目前尚无定论。1the underlined phrase in the first paragraph most probably means_.aclever remarksbsilly remarkscexciting remarks ddisappointed remarks解析词义猜测题。画线短语前面提到“many people believe that tension and stress can cause your hair to lose its color”，即许多人相信紧张和压力导致头发褪色变白。短文接着谈到“in fact，it is.”，这是推测画线词意思的关键。因此an old wives tale意为“无稽之谈”。答案b2the second paragraph mainly tells us_.aevery part of body is replaced with agebhairs will grow weak but not diecskin becomes wrinkled with age devery part of body ages with age解析主旨大意题。第二段第一句话是该段的主题句。从中可以看出，人体的每一部分都会随着年龄的增长而衰老。答案d3what might play the most important role in the graying process?agenetics and the amount of sleeping time.bthe amount of food people eat and living environment.cthe amount of pigment and genetics.dgenetics and the amount of water people drink解析细节理解题。本文第三段提到“at first，hairs will have a limited amount of pigment and they will appear to be grayish in color.in time，they will lose all of their pigment and will be white.many things are known to cause graying，and genetics is a very powerful factor.”由此可以看出，色素和基因在头发变白的过程中起着重要的作用。答案c4according to the passage，continuous pressure may result in_.aa persons fatness ba persons fitnessca persons weight loss da persons hair loss解析细节理解题。本文倒数第二段提到“constant worry and tension can have many harmful effects on the human body.it is a known fact that stressful times can cause one to suffer hair loss”。由此可知，持续的压力会导致脱发。答案d5from the passage we can infer that_.astress causing gray hair is still in questionbgray hair has nothing to do with tensioncstressful situations can be of benefitdsound evidence has been found解析推理判断题。本文倒数第二段最后提到“however，there is no sound evidence to support this.”最后一段也提到“there is no scientific evidence to support the theory.”。由此可知，是否压力会引起头发变白仍无定论。答案a。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a.b.c和d项中，选出最佳选项。 chocolate soap is supposed to be good for the skin. but its not so good for the tongue. unfortunately for the us soldiers of world war ii, the chocolate bars the army gave them tasted like they were intended for use in the bath.in the armys defense, it wasnt trying to win any cooking awards. in fact, it specifically ordered that its chocolate bars not be too delicious, so soldiers wouldnt eat them too quickly. these bars were created for survival, not taste. “they were awful,” john otto, a former army captain in world war ii said. “they were big, thick things, and they werent any good. i tried em, but i had to be awful hungry after i tried them once.” as unappealing as the chocolate bars were to some, others liked them. samuel hinkle, the chemist who created the chocolate bars, pointed out that the number of bars made were far greater than the army needed. “it soon became obvious that the generous american soldiers were sharing their valued possessions with their foreign friends, whether soldiers of other countries or local citizens.”the bars turned many hungry europeans into friends of the united states. “people wanted them,” said otto. “youd give them to kids. in some places they were very hungry. and they sure helped relax people about american soldiers.” otto said he never saw a european turn his or her nose up at the chocolate. “it was food,” he said. “at that time, everyone was very hungry. i saw german kids standing outside the u.s. army kitchen. they werent begging, just standing there very politely. when we were done, the kids would eat the food out of the garbage. they were that hungry.”other europeans did not see chocolate until well after the war ended. “we didnt see any americans where i was,” said elizabeth radsma, who was 25 years old when the germans occupied her country, the netherlands. “even after the war, we saw only english. maybe the americans gave out some chocolate in the big cities, but we were only in a small town. before the british, we saw only german soldiers. but chocolate? dont make me laugh! maybe in my dreams!”a soldier in the field might have responded “be careful what you wish for” and then gratefully bit down on a chocolate bar, the only food available for miles.1. what was the american soldiers attitude towards the chocolate bars? a. they were delicious. b. they tasted awful. c. they were necessary for survival. d. too many of them were produced.2. which of the following is true according to the passage? a. the us soldiers used the chocolate bars as bath soap. b. the us soldiers did not have enough food during world war ii. c. the us army produced more chocolate bars than necessary for its soldiers. d. european people regretted eating chocolate bars from the us soldiers.3. the underlined expression “turn his or her nose up at” probably means _. a. reject b. demandc. received. smell4. why does the author mention the german kids story? a. to tell how friendly the american soldiers were. b. to describe the hunger in post-war germany. c. to prove german kids could be very polite. d. to show how much they were eager for chocolates.5. elizabeth radsma never saw chocolate during the war because _. a. the us soldiers handed out all of them to people in big cities b. the german soldiers kept them all for themselves c. the british soldiers didnt share them with the local people d. the us soldiers never showed up in the small town she lived in【参考答案】15、bcabd【天津市2014高考英语六校第三次联考试题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c、d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。as demand for power and fuel grows steadily in the coming decades, we must consider every possible energy source on hand if were to meet the worlds needs. and because clean natural gas is found in great plenty, there is little doubt that it will play a major role on the world energy stage in this century, much like oil did in the last. but, like oil, gas reserves are concentrated in just a few places in the world, usually far from where theyre needed most. and thats only part of the challenge. the world has had well over 100 years to search for oil and to build the necessary facilities to bring it to market; the natural gas facilities, particularly when it comes to liquefied（液化）natural gas（lng）, are not nearly as developed. so what needs to be done? on the supply side, producing nations need policies that allow for better development of their natural gas in an open, stable business environment, notonein which the rules of the game change without warning. the governments of consuming nations, on the other hand, must make policies for sustainable（可持续的）development to ensure theyll have enough supplies in the future. that means building the related facilities, including lng stations. this, in turn, will require coastal areas to allow these necessary, but not necessarily pretty, facilities to be built in their backyards. and energy companies have a responsibility to be good neighbors in those areas by operating these facilities responsibly and safely. they must also continue to put in the billions of dollars needed to bu