高中英语语法虚拟语气课件.ppt

SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气 非高考考点 1 英语动词有三种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 课本P86 2 定义 用来表示说的话不是事实 或者是不可能发生的情况 而是一种愿望 建议 假设的语气叫虚拟语气 一 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 条件从句 If从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 现在 过去 未来 did were haddone would could should might V 原 would could should might have p p 1 did were2 shoulddo3 weretodo would could should might V 原 1 IfIhadmoney Iwouldbuildaschoolforthesepoorchildren 2 IfIwereyou Iwouldforgivehim 3 IfIhadtakenyouradvice Iwouldn thavemadethismistake 4 Ifhehadbeenthere hewouldhavemadethingsworse 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 5 Ifitshouldraintomorrow theywouldn tgoshopping 6 Ithinkwecouldfinishthework ifweplanneditproperly 7 Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife 与未来事实相反 假设条件虚拟倒装 条件从句中可以把if省略 并将这三个词提至句首进行倒装 IfIwereyou Iwouldgiveitup WereIyou Iwouldgiveitup Ifitwerenotforyouradvice wecouldn thavegotoverthedifficulties Wereitnotforyouradvice wecouldn thavegotoverthedifficulties 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点 IfIhadhadtime Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain HadIhadtime Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain Ifthereshouldbeaflood whatshouldwedo Shouldtherebeaflood whatshouldwedo 6 without和butfor otherwise构成含蓄虚拟 butfor要不是 Withoutsunlight people slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday Butforyourhelp Iwouldn thavefinishedthework Withoutyourhelp Iwouldhavefailed Butforwater itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert We llgoearlier otherwisewemightnotgetaseat 错综时间条件句 即假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致 主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自的时间而定 近几年各类考试中常见的试题类型 IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955 thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry soserious A wouldn tbeB willnothavebeenC wouldn thavebeenD wouldhavenotbeen A 如果你采纳了我的建议 你现在就会好得多 Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice youwouldbebetternow 如果你之前努力学习了 你现在就是一名大学生 四年后就会大学毕业了 Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore youwouldbeacollegestudentnow andyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryears time 二 虚拟语气特殊句型 wish 宾语从句 现在 过去 未来 过去时 did were 过去完成时 haddone would could might V should IwishIwereabird 现在 IwishIhadn tmadesuchamistake 过去 Wewishourparentswouldn tpunishus 未来 2 表示要求 命令 建议的虚拟语气 宾语从句 常见动词 一个坚持 insist 坚持主张 认为 坚持说 两个命令 order command三个建议 advise suggest 建议 暗示 表明 propose四个要求 demand require request desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法 即从句中的动词使用should 动词原形 或者将should省略 我们建议Tom去休息一下 他坚持决要求我到场 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作 WesuggestedthatTom should havearest HeinsistedthatI should bepresent Thekingorderedthattheprisoners should bekilledthenextday Theyrequestedthatwe should sendthemtoworkthere 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句 包括主语从句 表语从句和同位语 也要使用虚拟语气 从句中的动词形式一样 order advice suggestion proposal demand request desire It ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown 3 wouldratherthat 现在 过去 未来 Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow 现在 Iwouldratheryouhadgone too 过去 Don tcome Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow 未来 过去时 过去时 过去完成时 4 asif though 从句 现在 过去 过去时 过去完成时 Helooksasifheweredrunk Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson Itseemsasifitwerespring Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday 5 Ifonly 要是 就好了 IfonlyIknewhisname Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice IfonlyIcouldseehimagain 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了 要是我没错过火车就好了 Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus IfonlyIhadn tmissedthetrain 同wish 现在 过去式 过去 had 过去分词 6 It s about high time that should V 过去时 你该走了 我们该睡觉了 It shightimethatyouwent It shightimethatyouweregoing It shightimethatyoushouldgo It stimethatwewenttobed It stimethatweshouldgotobed 7 It snecessary strange natural important that 从句中的动词要用虚拟 即 should 动词原形 Itisimportantthatwe should masteraforeignlanguage Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty It snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard 8 Wouldyoumindif if从句中使用过去式 表示请求许可eg WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow WouldyoumindifIsmokedintheofficenextdoor 10 表示祝愿的句子中的虚拟语气 1 用原形Godblessyou 2 may 动词原形Mayyouhavealongandhappylife 9情态动词 havedone couldhavedone本来可以 mighthavedone本来可能 should oughttohavedone本来应该做 shouldn t oughtnottohavedone本不该做 needn thavedone本不必做 比较 didn tneedtodo没必要做也没有做 wouldhavedone本来会去做 1 应该 1 你本不应该告诉她真相 You herthetruth 2 我没必要擦窗户 我兄弟做了 I cleanthewindows Mybrotherdidit 3 我没有足够的钱 否则我会买那本书的 Ididn thaveenoughmoney otherwiseI thatbook shouldn thavetold oughtnottohavetold didn tneedto wouldhavebought Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbrokenHetalkedasifhe foryears A islivingthereB waslivingthereC haslivedthereD hadlivedthere Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood English mucheasier A willbeB wouldbeC couldhavebeenD wouldhavebeen Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor you allrightnow A areB wereC wouldbeD wouldhavebeen today hewouldgettherebyFriday A WouldheleaveB WasheleavingC WerehetoleaveD Ifheleave Hetreatedmeasthough hisownson A IamB IwouldbeC IwasD Iwere 6 Ibefreetomorrow Icouldgowithyou A CouldB ShouldC MightD Must Shoulditrain thecrops A wouldbesavedB wouldhavebeensavedC willbesavedD hadbeensaved 7 8 HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing No butIwishI A haveB willC doD had IwishI therethen A wasB wereC hadbeenD wouldbe 9 10 Shewassoupsetthatsheburstintotears I dratheryou herallaboutit A didn ttellB hadn ttoldC don ttellD won ttell 11 1 我希望自己是一只鸟儿 wish IwishIwereabird 2 如果我有钱 我会为这些贫困的孩子们建一所学校 IfIhadmoney Iwouldbuildaschoolforthesepoorchildren 3 我宁愿你现在呆在家里 wouldrather Iwouldratheryoustayedhomenow 4 如果你听了医生的话 你现在就全好了 Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor youwouldbeallrightnow 5 现在仿佛是春天了 asif Itseemsasifitwerespring Withoutelectricityhumanlife quitedifficulttoday A isB willbeC wouldhavebeenD wouldbeTheyoungmaninsistedthathe nothingwrongand free A did setB haddone shouldbesetC shoulddo besetD haddone mustbeset Shemadethedemandthatthejournalists atonce Iraq A lea