高考英语 30分钟专题突破精讲 阅读理解2.doc

2014高考英语30分钟专题突破精讲：阅读理解2人物类精读语篇one of the greatest contributions to the first oxford english dictionary was also one of its most unusual. in 1879, oxford university in england asked prof. james murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the english language. it would include every english word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文) showing how it was used. this was a huge task so murray had to find volunteers from britain, the united states, and the british colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in english. hundreds of volunteers responded, including william chester minor. dr. minor was an american surgeon who had served in the civil war and was now living in england. he gave his address as “broadmoor, crowthorne, berkshire，” 50 miles from oxford. minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to murray. over the next 17 years, he became one of the staffs most valued contributors. but he was also a mystery. in spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit oxford. so in 1897, murray finally decided to travel to crowthorne himself. when he arrived, he found minor locked in a booklined cell at the broadmoor asylum (精神病院) for the criminally insane. murray and minor became friends, sharing their love of words. minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. murray continued to visit minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds. in 1910, minor left broadmoor for an asylum in his native america. murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend. minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the oxford english dictionary was completed. the 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient. 功能一、听先浏览题目然后带着问题听录音1who asked murray to edit the dictionary?athe government.boxford university.chimself.2why did murray have to find volunteers to do the work?abecause he was lazy.bbecause he was tired.cbecause it was a huge task.3minor was from_.aamericabenglandccanada答案：1.b2.c3.a功能二、读第一步：速读文章，掌握文章大意1whats the passage mainly about?the passage is mainly about murray and minor, who devoted themselves to the first edition of oxford english dictionary.2理清文章主线，找出关键词(完成下面框图)第二步：精读文章，理清细枝末节一、细读文章13段(一)遇到生僻的词汇怎么办？例：the following quotation is taken from the dictionary definition.下面的引语选自词典里的释义。(二)遇到难懂的疑难句怎么办？it would include every english word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文) showing how it was used. 破解方法本句是由and连接的并列句，其中and后面的分句中用了not only . but also .结构来连接宾语。理解本句的关键是准确判断连接句子的是哪一个词，弄清楚句子结构。本句是由and连接的并列句而不是由not only . but also .连接。尝试翻译它将尽可能收录每一个英语单词，不但要给出单词的释义，而且还包括该词的历史以及表明该词如何使用的引文。(三)阅读理解62how did dr. minor contribute to the dictionary?ahe helped murray to find hundreds of volunteers. bhe sent newspapers, magazines and books to murray.che provided a great number of words and quotations.dhe went to england to work with murray._方法3要求考生对其进行准确理解。解题时应认真阅读仔细分析题干内容，弄清其所询问细节的角度，然后带着所提问的细节角度回到原文，查找答题所需信息。找到解题依据后应用下划线将其标出，以便与题干内容进行对照，看两者是否吻合，互为因果关系。这样做可以有效防止读题时的认识错误或者找答题所需信息时的定位错误。本题答案的出处就来自原文第三段第一句话“minor joined the army of volunteers sending_words_and_quotations to murray.”。 因此c项正确。 61according to the text, the first oxford english dictionary _. acame out before minor diedbwas edited by an american volunteercincluded the english words invented by murraydwas intended to be the most ambitious english dictionary解析：选d细节理解题。根据第一段中的“. serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the english language.”可知答案选d。二、细读文章47段(一)遇到生僻的词汇怎么办？例：our spokesman declined to comment on their aggressive acts.我们的发言人拒绝对他们的挑衅行为做出评论。(二)遇到难懂的疑难句怎么办？when he arrived, he found minor locked in a booklined cell at the broadmoor asylum (精神病院) for the criminally insane. 破解方法本句含有以when引导的时间状语从句，主句的结构为“find宾语宾语补足语”。破解此句的关键在于正确理解“find宾语宾语补足语”中过去分词短语locked in a booklined cell作宾补。尝试翻译当他到达的时候，他发现minor被锁在broadmoor_精神病院的一个排满书的隔离室里，而这里是收治精神病罪犯的。(三)阅读理解66what does the text mainly talk about?athe history of the english language.bthe friendship between murray and minor.cminor and the first oxford english dictionary.dbroadmoor asylum and its patients._方法4主旨大意题的方法技巧之一利用文章主线和关键信息提炼文章大意阅读中我们发现，不是每篇阅读材料都有明确的主题句，也不是所有段落都有明确的段落主题句。因此，当我们无法找到文章中现成的主题句，或者无法由段落大意总结概括出主旨大意时，就只能利用文章主线和关键信息提炼文章大意。本文的主线是：mr. minor的特别之处和他对oxford english dictionary的贡献；关键词为：minor和oxford english dictionary。因此c项表述作为本文标题最佳。 63why did dr. minor refuse to visit oxford?ahe was shut in an asylum.bhe lived far from oxford.che was busy writing a book.dhe disliked traveling.解析：选a细节理解题。由第四段中的“. he found minor locked in a booklined cell at the broadmoor asylum.”可知，minor被关在一家精神病院里，这是他不能去牛津的原因。64prof. murray and dr. minor became friends mainly because _.athey both served in the civil warbthey had a common interest in wordscminor recovered with the help of murraydmurray went to america regularly to visit minor解析：选b细节理解题。根据第五段的“murray and minor became good friends, sharing their love of words.”可知，他们成为好朋友的主要原因在于他们都对词汇很热爱。65which of the following best describes dr. minor?abrave and determined.bcautious and friendly.cconsiderate and optimistic.dunusual and scholarly.解析：选d推理判断题。从文章的最后一句话可以推断minor很博学，对做学问很投入，但他同时又是一个精神病人。因此用devoted, scholarship, unusual等描述他最贴切。功能三、写(一)根据提示互译原文中的关键词汇1有野心的；费力的ambitious2减少；谢绝 decline3非凡的 remarkable4捐献；增加；撰稿 contribute5not only . but also . 不但而且6scholarly asylum patient 有学识的精神病患者7quotation 引文8the most valued contributors 最受重视的贡献者(二)运用以上词汇完成句子1the first oxford english dictionary was the_most_ambitious dictionary in the english language.第一部牛津英语词典在英语语言史上是最费力且雄伟的词典。2over the 20 years, he continued_contributing_to the dictionary, and became_one_of_the_most_valued_contributors.20 年间，他继续为这部词典做出贡献，并成为最受重视的贡献者之一。3he always declined_to_visit murray.他拒绝去拜访murray。(三)根据译文补全原文中的经典句式1it would include every english word possible and would give not_only the definition but_also the history of the word and quotations showing_how_it_was_used.它将尽可能收录每一个英语单词，不但要给出单词的释义，而且还包括该词的历史以及表明该词如何使用的引文。2when he arrived, he found minor locked in a booklined cell at the broadmoor asylum for the criminally insane.当他到达的时候，他发现minor被锁在broadmoor 精神病院的一个排满书的隔离室里，而这里是收治精神病罪犯的。(四)短文写作第一部牛津英语词典的主要编纂者之一minor，是一位不寻常的人，请你根据文章内容，写一篇80词左右的短文，简单介绍一下minor 的主要情况。参考范文：the_first_oxford_english_dictionary_was_the_most_ambitious_dictionary_in_the_english_language._one_of_the_greatest_contributors,_minor,_was_very_scholarly_but_different_from_the_others._over_the_20_years,_he_continued_contributing_to_the_dictionary,_becoming_one_of_the_most_valued_contributors._but_he_always_declined_to_visit_murray,_who_was_invited_to_edit_the_g