高考英语 增值增分特训4.doc

2014高考英语增值增分特训4 (一)traffic lights are key tools for regulating traffic now.they are not, however, perfect. drivers exchange the traffic jams that would happen at unmanaged crossings for a pattern of stopgo movement that can still be annoying, and which burns more fuel than a smooth passage would.creating such a smooth passage means adjusting a vehicles speed so that it always arrives at the lights when they are green.that is theoretically possible, but practically hard.roadside signs wired to traffic lights can help get the message across a couple hundred metres from a crossing, but such signs are expensive, and are not widespread.margaret martonosi and emmanouil koukoumidis at princeton university, and lishiuan peh at the massachusetts institute of technology, however, have an idea that could make the process cheaper and more effective.instead of a hardwired network of signs, they propose to use mobilephone applications. for a driver to benefit, he must load the teams software, named signalguru, into his phone and then put it on a special thing attached to the inside of his cars windscreen, with the camera lens (镜头) pointing forward.signalguru is designed to detect traffic lights and track their status as red, yellow or green.it broadcasts this information to other phones in the area that are fitted with the same software, andif there are enough of them, the phones thus each know the status of most of the lights around town.using this information, signalguru is able to calculate the trafficlight schedule for the area and suggest the speed at which a driver should travel in order to avoid red lights.tests in cambridge, massachusetts, where five drivers were asked to follow the same route for three hours, and in singapore, where eight drivers were asked to follow one of two routes for 30 minutes, revealed that signalguru was capable of predicting trafficlight activity with an accuracy of 98.2% and 96.3% respectively, in the two cities.this was particularly impressive because in cambridge the lights shifted, roughly halfway through the test, from their unbusy schedule to their afternoontraffic schedule, while in singapore lights are adaptive, using detectors fixed under the road to determine how much traffic is present and thus when a signal should change.in neither case was signalguru fooled.fuel consumption fell, tooby about 20%.signalguru thus reduces both annoyance and fuel use, and makes going back and forth to work a slightly less horrible experience.1roadside signs wired to traffic lights are not the best way to create a smooth passage because _，athey are expensive and easily breakbthey are too costly and not widely usedcthey are complex and confusing to driversdthey are theoretically possible but practically useless2signalguru is an application used on _.aa camera ba computerca mobile phone da gps system in ones car3with the information it collects and processes, signalguru is able to _.ahelp drivers avoid traffic accidentsballow drivers to adjust their speed cchange the traffic lights in advancedsend information to all cell phones4the tests in cambridge and singapore were impressive because signalguru _.aproved to be unreliableboperated at a high speedcfunctioned rather stablydunderstood driversschedules(二) have you ever wondered why stems(茎)grow upwards and roots downwards? why plants always seem to turn towards the light and climbing plants run up rather than down? the answer is simple: auxin(生长素), a chemical substance that controls growth in plants. auxin gives away its secretsauxin is a plant hormone(激素). darwin was already interested in it in the 19th century. only in recent years, however, has the hormone started to give away its secrets, thanks to intensive molecular research. auxin is produced in the young, growing parts of plants and then transported throughout the plantto a lowlying stem for example. the stem needs to straighten out as soon as possible to be able to absorb the topside, resulting in the underside growing faster and the stem straightening out. for the same reason, plants in front of windows will always turn to the light. this active regulation of auxin transport allows plants to take ideal advantage of local and changing conditions. a new means of transport for auxin the transport of auxin through the plant plays a vital role. and, from all appearances, it is not a simple matter. the researchers identified an important new link and means of transport for auxin: pils proteins (蛋白质). pils proteins are vital for auxindependent plant growth and adjust the intracellular(细胞内的)storage of the hormone. it is exactly this compartmentalizing (分类) of auxin that seems functionally important for the various developmental processes. growing crops more efficiently: the right amount of auxin in the right place higher auxin levels at the right moment and in the right place result in better growth and greater harvest. better adjustment of auxin levels would make plants grow more efficiently. the researchers hope to contribute to the development of more efficient growing processes by continuing to sort out auxin transport processes. 1. which of the following is true of auxin according to the text? a. it helps the plant to bend at the right places while growing. bit prevents the roots of plants from growing faster. cit is no use when the surroundings have changed. dit helps the underside of plants grow faster than the topside.2. from paragraph 3 we know that _ a. the researchers are not so sure if the transport for auxin is a new one bthe levels of auxin remain the same during the growing processes of plants cpils proteins delay the growth of plantsdpils proteins play an important part in the transport of auxin3according to paragraph 2, the researchers got their results mainly by _.a. referring to darwins theory bobserving plants straighteningcdoing intensive molecular research dwatching plants in different places4which of the following can be the best title for this passage?a. why plants grow towards the light? bdarwins dream has come true chow did scientists find out the secret? da new way of the growing of plants(三)steven spielbergs 2002 sciencefiction thriller minority report produced a world where computers could read minds and predict the future.it seemed fanciful at the time，but fantasy is edging closer to fact. on jan.31，a team of scientists at the uc berkeley，led by robert knight programmed computers to decode(解码)brain waves and replay them as words. five months earlier, another group of berkeley scientists showed their colleagues short movies and used computers to play back in color what people saw.these experiments are a big advance from 2006，when a french scientist first replayed images from a human mind, a black and white checkerboard pattern.the possibilities are great: a disabled person could “speak”； doctors could access the mind of a patient who fainted; you could rewatch your dreams on an ipad.there are, of course, equally dark side, such as the involuntary takeout of information from the brain. in spite of these breakthroughs，jack gallant，the neuroscientist who led the first berkeley team, says current technology for decoding brain activity is still “relatively primitive”. the field is held back by its poor machinery，in particular the fmri. “eventually，” says gallant，“someone will invent a decoding machine you can wear as a hat.”such an advance into the human mind，he says，might take 30 years. still, the recent advances at berkeley offer small answers，which scientists can use to begin unlocking the secrets of memory and consciousness.1which of the following is the best title for the passage?anew technology can read your mindbfantasy is edging closer to factca new discovery in human brain