高考英语二轮专题复习 提分训练“阅读理解”文化教育类（真题含解析）(1).doc

2014高考英语二轮专题复习 提分训练“阅读理解”文化教育类（2011年真题，含解析）passage 1 （2011辽宁卷 b）about 21,000 young people in 17 american states do not attend classes in school buildings. instead, they receive their elementary(初等)and high school education by working at home on computers. the center for education reform says the united states has 67 public “cyberschools,” and that is about twice as many as two years ago.the money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live. some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools. they also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed. these people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools. they say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school. whatever the judgment of cyberschools, they are getting more and more popular. for example, a new cyberschool called commonwealth connections academy will take in students this fall. it will serve children in the state of pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen. children get free equipment for their online education. this includes a computer, a printer, books and technical services. parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary.students at cyberschools usually do not know one another. but 56 such students who finished studies at western pennsylvania cyber charter school recently met for the first time. they were guests of honor at their graduation.59. what do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool?a. they have to take long bus rides to school.b. they study at home rather than in classrooms.c. they receive money from traditional public schools.d. they do well in traditional school programs.60. what is a problem with cyberschools?a. their equipment costs a lot of money.b. they get little support from the state government.c. it is hard to know students progress in learning.d. the students find it hard to make friends.61. cyberschools are getting popular because_.a. they are less expensive for studentsb. their students can work at their own speedc. their graduates are more successful in societyd. they serve students in a wider age range62. we can infer that the author of the text is_.a. unprejudiced in his description of cyberschoolsb. excited about the future of cyberschoolsc. doubtful about the quality of cyberschoolsd. disappointed at the development of cyberschools【文章大意】在美国17个州大约21,000名年轻人是用计算机通过网络学校在家里学习的。对此有些人持反对态度。他们认为州政府把本应用于传统的公立学校的资金用到了网络学校上，而且学生的学习情况也无法衡量。而另一些教育者却对此非常支持，认为网络学校使得学生可以以自己的速度学习，并有助于那些在传统学校里不开心或有失败感的学生。无论如何，网络学校在美国是越来越受欢迎了。59.【解析】选b。推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知网络学校的学生是在家里通过电脑学习，而不是去常规的学校。而且由第二段可知是州政府出资，而不是传统的公立学校出资。故选b。 60.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知网络学校不容易判断学生的学习情况，故选c。61.【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句有些教育者认为网络学校使得学生可以以自己的速度学习，可得知b项为正确答案。62.【解析】选a。推理判断题。在文章中作者客观公正地描述了人们对网络学校发出的不同的声音，并没有表述自己的观点，故选a。passage 2 （2011天津卷c）an idea that started in seattles public library has spread throughout america and beyond. the concept is simple: help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.in addition to encouraging reading as a pursuit (追求) to be enjoyed by all, the program allows strangers to communicate by discussing the book on the bus, as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools. the idea came from seattle librarian nancy pearl who launched (发起）the “if all of seattle read the same book” project in 1998. her original program used author visits, study guides and book discussion groups to bring people together with a book, but the idea has since expanded to many other american cities, and even to hong kong.in chicago, the mayor(市长）appeared on television to announce the choice of to kill a mockingbird as the first book in the “one book, one chicago” program. as a result, reading clubs and neighborhood groups sprang up around the city. across the us, stories emerged of parents and children reading to each other at night and strangers chatting away on the bus about plot and character. the only problem arose in new york, where local readers could not decide on one book to represent the huge and diverse population. this may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity(一致）can be achieved.or it may show that new yorkers rather missed the point ,putting all their energy and passion into the choice of the book rather than discussion about a book itself.ultimately, as nancy points out, the level of success is not measured by how many people read a book, but by how many people are enriched by the process, or have enjoyed speaking to someone with whom they would not otherwise have shared a word.46. what is the purpose of the project launched by nancy?a. to invite authors to guide readers.b. to encourage people to read and share.c. to involve people in community service.d. to promote the friendship between cities.47. why was it difficult for new yorkers to carry out the project?a. they had little interest in reading.b. they were too busy to read a book.c. they came from many different backgrounds.d. they lacked support from the local government.48. according to the passage, where would the project be more easily carried out?a. in large communities with little sense of unity.b. in large cities where libraries are far from home.c. in medium-sized cities with a diverse population.d. in large towns where agreement can be quickly reached.49. the underlined words “shared a word” in paragraph 5 probably mean .a. exchanged ideas with each other b. discussed the meaning of a wordc. gained life experience d. used the same language50.according to nancy, the degree of students of the project is judged by .a. the careful selection of a proper bookb. the growing popularity of the writersc. the number of people who benefit from readingd. the number of books that each person reads【文章大意】此文是有关文化教育类的文章。文中描述了西雅图公共图书馆发起了一次“同读一本书”的活动，以及计划实施出现的问题和衡量其成功的办法。46.【解析】选b。细节理解题。由第一段.help to build a sense of community in a city by getting everyone to read the same book at the same time.以及第二段in addition to .as well as promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools得出这次计划发起的目的是为了鼓励人们读书和分享读书。故选b。a项邀请作家们指导读者，c项使人们进行社区服务，d项促进城市间的友谊，均与原文不符。47.【解析】选c。推理判断题。文章第四段讲述了在纽约出现的唯一的问题是当地读者不能决定哪一本书可以代表这个巨大的多样化的人口。从中可以推断出纽约人来自许多不同的地方，所以c项正确。a项他们对阅读不感兴趣，b项他们太忙了不能读书，d项他们缺少来自当地政府的支持，文章中没提到这些。48.【解析】选d。细节理解题。由文章第四段this may show that the idea works best in medium-sized cities or large towns, where a greater sense of unity can be achieved.可知中等城市和大的城镇能很快达成一致意见。所以d正确。a项没有统一性的大的社区，b项在图书馆离家很远的大城市，项是多样化人口的中等城市，和文中没提到，项是干扰项，是多样化人口的纽约而不是多样化人口的中等城市，所以c错。49.【解析】选a。词义猜测题。文章最后一段讲述了计划成功的标准不是靠读多少本书来衡量的，而是有多少人在这个过程中变得充实了，也就是说他们喜欢同那些要不然就不会彼此讲话的人讲话了。结合上文可以看出shared a word与have enjoyed speaking to someone有同样的意思，即彼此交流，故选a。50.【解析】选c。细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的.by how many people are enriched by the process有多少人在这个过程中得到充实，也就是从阅读中得到好处。a项仔细挑选书和b项作家逐渐增多，文中没有提及。d项每个人读的书的数量和原文正好相反。passage 3 （2011全国卷ii a）since 1984, philadelphia has been cleaning up its act. one by one, graffiti-covered walls are being changed into outdoor art. so far, more than 1,800 murals（壁画）have been painted. philadelphia now has more murals than any other american city.the walls that were once ugly with graffiti（涂鸦）are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the mural arts program (map). its work makes schools and public places attractive, and its citizens very proud. the program began as part of philadelphias anti-graffiti network. jane golden is the maps artistic director. “when people ask me what our program is about,” she says, “i answer them with one word: hope.” each year, the map offers youth art programs and workshops. some one-time graffiti writers even help paint map murals. the maps work, says golden, is all about developing a sense of community（社区）when a neighborhood requests a mural, the map works with the people there to develop a message. some messages have been “safe streets,” “love and care,” and “peace walk.”the map receives up to 50 requests for murals each week. last year, the workers painted 140 murals. “the making of a mural enters peoples collective memory as an extraordinary, pleasant moment in neighborhood history,” says golden, who began as a muralist in los angeles.41. what can be the best title for the text?a. love, from graffiti writers to muralistsb. map, a new company in philadelphiac. jane, an excellent mural artistd. hope, one wall at a time42. what is the mural arts program in philadelphia aimed at?a. helping the young find jobs.b. protecting the neighborhood.c. fighting against graffiti.d. attracting more visitors.43. how does the map decide on the message for a mural?a. by having discussions with people in the community.b. by seeking advice from the city government.c. by learning from the young graffiti writers.d. by studying the history of the city.44. which of the following words best describes the work of the map?a. difficult. b. dangerous. c. experimental d. successful.【文章大意】本文属于文化艺术类，讲述费城将其被涂鸦的墙壁改成了户外艺术。map的努力工作使得费城更加吸引人，拥有比美国任何一个城市都多的壁画。41.【解析】选d。主旨大意题。文章首句是主题句，主要讲述了将涂鸦的墙壁改为了户外艺术，并且后面提到这一项目是关于希望的。故选择d。42.【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句 “the walls that were once ugly with graffiti are now covered with beautiful pictures of historical heroes and modern art, thanks to the mural arts program(map).”可知选c。43.【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句 “when a neighborhood requests a mural, the map works with the people there to develop a message.”可知。44.【解析】选d。推理判断题。由文章首段说费城迄今为止已经画了1,800幅壁画，比美国任何一个城市拥有的壁画都多，以及文章最后提到壁画的制作在区域历史中作为非凡、愉悦的时刻留在人们的记忆里，可以推断map的工作是非常成功的。passage 4 （2011全国卷ii d）the way we do things round heresome years ago, i was hired by an american bank. i received a letter from the head of the personnel department that started, “dear john, i am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” that “quite” saddened me. i thought he was saying “were kind of pleased you decided to join us although i wish we had hired someone else.” then i discovered that in american english “quite” sometimes means “very”, while in british english it means “fairly”.so the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that i dont just mean the words people speak. it is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. the way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）some of these differences may be only on the surfacedress, food and hours of workwhile others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate（气候），while getting on with business.some of the differences may be an improvement. people are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. however, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality（准时）if you invite people to a party at 7 oclock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in germany, five minutes early in the american midwest, an hour early in japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the uk, up to an hour afterwards in italy and some time in the evening in greece. i prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. it is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.52. the author was unhappy as mentioned in paragraph 1 because he thought_a. the american bank didnt think much of himb. the american bank might hire another personc. its difficult to get used to american cultured. its easy to misunderstand americans53. the word “highlights” in paragraph 2 probably means_.a. encourages b. helps to narrowc. increases d. draws attention to54. according to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?a. ask the native people for help.b. understand and accept them.c. do things in our own way.d. do in-depth research.55. when invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are_.a. italians b. germans c. greeks d. the british【文章大意】本文属于文化教育类。由作者多年前被一家美国银行录用的经历引入了文化差异的话题，作者认为对于大多数文化差异我们应该理解并接受它们。52.【解析】选a。细节理解题。由文章首段中“that quite saddened me. i thought he was saying were kind of pleased you decided to join us although i wish we had hired someone else.”可知作者认为人家对他的录用只是“稍微(kind of)”满意，这让作者很不高兴。故答案为a。53.【解析】选d。词义猜测题。句意：人们做事情的方式突出了我们看到的很多的文化差异。此处人们做事情的方式对于文化差异只是起到突出、强调的作用，并没有起到增加或减少的效果，所以答案选择d。54.【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate, while getting on with business.”可知。55.【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“if you invite people to a party at 7 oclock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in germany, ”可知德国人在被邀请参加聚会时通常是很准时的，所以答案为b。passage 5 （2011重庆卷 c）getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. however, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.in the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. a particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. by 1538, the french king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. so did the king of england in 1546. thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. henry iv, king of france, was famously dirty. upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since world war . advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. on the contrary, mary ruebush, an american immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. and the latter position is gaining some ground.64. the kings of france and england in the 16th century closed bath houses because_.a. they lived healthily in a dirty environmentb they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in c. they believed disease could be spread in public bathsd. they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease65. which of the following best describes henry ivs attitude to bathing?a. afraid.b. curious.c. approving.d. uninterested.66. how does the passage mainly develop?a. by providing examples.b. by making comparisons.c. by following the order of time.d. by following the order of importance.67. what is the authors purpose in writing the passage?a. to stress the role of dirt.b. to introduce the history of dirt.c. to call attention to the danger of dirt.d. to present the change of views on dirt.【文章大意】本文为论说文，谈论古今人们对污物、烂泥、灰尘的不同看法。64.【解析】选c。细节理解题。由第二段a particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.可知c项正确。65.【解析】选a。细节理解题。由第二段upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.可知a项正确。66.【解析】选c。推理判断题。由全文可以看出，文章讨论了从16世纪到现如今对于污物的不同观点，故c项正确。67.【解析】选d。主旨大意题。全文讲述了古今人们对污物、烂泥、灰尘的不同看法。故选d。passage 6 （2011安徽卷阅读理解d）ireland has had a very difficult history. the problems started in the 16th century when english rulers tried to conquer(征服) ireland. for hundreds of years, the irish people fought against the english. finally, in 1921, the british government was forced to give independence to the south of ireland. the result is that today there are two “irelands”. northern ireland, in the north, is part of the united kingdom. the republic of ireland, in the south, is an independent country. in the 1840s the main crop, potatoes, was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. this, and a shortage (短缺) of work , forced many people to leave ireland and live in the usa, the uk, australia and canada. as a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.for many years, the majority of irish people earned their living as farmers. today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.the irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. oscar wilde, a famous irish writer, once said that the irish were “the greatest talkers since the greeks”. since independence, ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. different areas have different styles of old irish songs which are sung without instruments. other kinds of irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.68. what does the author te