高考英语阅读理解精品练习（14）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解精品练习（14）及答案（解析）c82013大纲全国卷 ethe oldest and most common source(来源)of renewable energy known to man, biomass is one of the most important forms of energy production in the united states and elsewhere.since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywherefrom trees and grasses to agricultural and citylife wastesbiomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.according to the union of concerned scientists(ucs), biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), because the energy it contains comes from the sun.when plant matter is burned, it gives off the suns energy.in this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery(电池)for storing the suns energy.as long as biomass is produced continuouslywith only as much grown as is usedthe “battery” lasts forever.according to the energy information administration, biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the united states for several years running through 2007, making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nations total electricity supply.in 2008although the numbers arent all in yetwind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year.some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.such practice may save homeowners money, but it also produces a lot of pollution.so, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.72why is biomass considered as “a sort of natural battery”？ait burns merely plant matter. bit keeps producing electricity.cit stores the energy from the sun. dit produces zero carbon dioxide.73we learn from the text that in 2008 _awind power could be the leader of renewable energy b. there was a rapid growth of electricity productioncbiomass might become the main energy source d0.50.9% of power supply came from biomass74why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass? ato prevent the waste of energy. bto increase production safety.cto reduce pollution. dto save money.75where does the text probably come from? aa research plan. ba science magazine. ca book review. da business report.【要点综述】 本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了biomass(生物量)的特征、优点以及它在美国能源中的地位。72c细节理解题。根据第二段中的“because the energy it contains comes from the sun.when plant matter is burned, it gives off the suns energy.in this way, biomass serves as a sort of natural battery for storing the suns energy.”可知c正确。73a推理判断题。根据第三段中的“in 2008although the numbers arent all in yetwind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.”可知，2008年风能占居首位。关键词定位：a项中的the leader of 和文中first place意思相同。74c推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials.such practice may save homeowners money, but it also produces a lot of pollution.so, the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.”可知c正确。75b推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文是一篇有关生物量能源的科普类文章。所以，它应该是科学杂志上的文章。故选b。a(2011宁德质检，a)the golden gate bridge, the first sight for many people arriving in the united states by ship, is a wellrecognized landmark, which spans(横跨) the golden gate strait.the idea for a bridge across the strait had been around for many years, but it was not easy to get the project started. the construction of the bridge finally began in 1933. the construction work set new standards for safetyworkers were among the first required to wear hard hats, and an innovative(革新的) safety net saved the lives of nineteen men while the bridge was built. the golden gate bridge was completed in 1937, which was finished ahead of schedule.joseph strauss was the chief engineer in charge of the bridge project. however, he had little experience with the construction of suspension(悬浮)bridges. for this reason, other engineers, architects, and designers made great contributions to the design and construction of the bridge. for example, the bridge owes its art style and unique orange color to the architects irving and gertrude morrow. charles alton ellis was the main engineer on the project and did much of the technical work necessary to build the bridge.today, the golden gate bridge has a main span of 4,200 feet and a total length of 8,981 feet, making it one of the longest bridges in the world. the bridge is 90 feet wide, and its span is 220 feet above the water. the towers supporting the huge cables (巨缆) rise 746 feet above the waters of the golden gate strait, making them 191 feet taller than the washington monument. about 40 million cars cross the bridge every year. there are foghorns(雾角)to let passing ships know where the bridge is, and aircraft beacons(信号灯)on the tops of the towers to stop planes from crashing into them.金门大桥已经成为美国的地标性建筑，它横跨金门海峡，是世界上最长的桥之一。它的建设是许多建筑师的智慧的结晶。1the purpose of the passage is to _.a. describe the construction work of the golden gate bridgeb. introduce the golden gate bridgec. tell us the history of the golden gate bridged. introduce the engineers in charge of the golden gate bridge 答案：b。主旨大意题。由文章大意可知，文章向我们介绍了金门大桥的一些情况。2safety innovations during the construction of the bridge included _.a. hard hats and a safety netb. aircraft beaconsc. foghorns d. all of the above答案：a。细节理解题。由第二段第三句话“the construction work set new standards for safetyworkers were among the first required to wear hard hats, and an innovative(革新的) safety net saved the lives of nineteen men while the bridge was built.”可知。3. it can be inferred from the passage that _.a. joseph strauss was skilled in the construction of suspension bridgesb. it took the construction workers three years to build the golden gate bridgec. about 100 thousand cars cross the golden gate bridge every dayd. the golden gate bridge is the longest bridge in the world答案：c。推理判断题。由最后一段第四句话“about 40 million cars cross the bridge every year.”可推知。4. the underlined word “them” in paragraph 4 refers to _. a. towers b. cablesc. waters d. bridges答案：a。猜测词义题。所在句意：支持巨缆的塔在金门海峡水域以上746英尺，使塔比华盛顿纪念碑还高191英尺。所以them指代前面的“the towers”。(2011郑州第三次质检，c)on jan. 3, a netizen(网民)nicknamed “programmer humor” published a short story on his microblog. it said that there was an old lady who swept nearly every inch of his internet company. when she passed by a programmer, she took a look at the codes on the programmers computer and kindly reminded him, “be careful, the stack is overfilled！”certainly, it is a casual and fictitious(虚构的)story made up by the microblogger. however, no one would have guessed that the short blog would eventually cause the first great internet meme(网络快速爆红现象) of 2011 in china. suddenly, the mysterious “sweeping old lady” is showing up nearly everywhere and reminding professionals of their mistakes. from 8 a. m. on jan. 5, some netizens collected stories of the “sweeping old lady” and found she had appeared to give advice in 150 kinds of careers. a netizen even said he had met with a similar situation in real life.actually, the “sweeping old lady” is not new figure, but is based on the “sweeping monk (和尚)”in louis chas famous kung fu novel of “tian long ba bu”. the “sweeping monk” is an old monk and does the lowest class of work in shaolin temple, but he is actually the no. 1 master in the novel both in kung fu and in the study of buddhism.the “sweeping old lady” is also a great modest master. lots of netizens wish that they could have such a lady beside them to give them precious suggestions at a key time.although there may be 1,000 “sweeping old ladies” in 1,000 peoples minds, it cannot prevent the “sweeping old lady” from becoming the most popular figure on the internet.“programmer humor” said he is just a programmer in the real world and once he saw the story about the “sweeping old lady”， he wrote it down in his microblog because it was funny. he never knew who the original writer of the story was and never thought the story could be so popular. 她低调且谦逊。虽“智慧非凡”却能心甘情愿地做个身份卑微的保洁员。她只是一个轻而易举地就被专业人士忽略的角色，但是却总是能给出最有价值的建议。她是一个传奇。她就是2011年中国网络第一个红人神秘高人“扫地老太太”。5what quality does the “sweeping old lady” have?a.honest and knowledgeable.b.modest and patient.c.modest and knowledgeable.d.honest and patient.答案：c。推理判断题。由第一段可推知，这名老太太很有知识；再由此第四段第一句话“the sweeping old lady is also a great modest master.”可知，她竟然干打扫卫生的活，可见她很谦虚。6which description about the “sweeping old lady” is right?a.she is an old lady good at sweeping the internet.b.she is just an imaginary figure created by a netizen.c.she is wellknown as the old “sweeping monk”d.she likes to give instructions everywhere.答案：b。推理判断题。由最后两段，特别是第二段第一句话“certainly, it is a casual and fictitious(虚构的)story made up by the microblogger.”可推知，这名老太太是假想的人物，是由一名网民创造出来的。7what can we infer from the text?a.the sweeping old lady is always looking down on the people around her.b.we should ask sweeping old lady for advice when meeting with difficulties.c.people want to have a “sweeping old lady” nearby to do the cleaning.d.we shouldnt judge a person by his or her appearance and wed better respect everyone.答案：d。推理判断题。由第一段可知，a项错误，这名老太太很谦虚；b项错误，这名老太太是虚构的人物；由第四段第二句话“lots of netizens wish that they could have such a lady beside them to give them precious suggestions at a key time.”可知，c项错误，网民求老太太进行技术指导而非打扫卫生；由第一段和第三段可知，人不可貌相。8what does the author think of the “sweeping old lady”？a.she should be praised and respected.b.she shouldnt mind others business.c.she should go in for network.d.she shouldnt show off before professionals.答案：a。推理判断题。其他三项都不对。c8 2013湖北卷 dthe technology is great.without it we wouldnt have been able to put a man on the moon, explore the oceans depths or eat microwave sausages.computers have revolutionized our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge.but sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves.every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients whove come into their surgery waving an internet printout, convinced that they have some rare incurable disease, say, throat cancer.the truth is usually far more ordinary, though: they dont have throat cancer, and its just that their throats are swollen.being a graduate of the internet “school” of medicine does not guarantee accurate selfhealthchecks.one day mrs.almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work.while i took her blood sample and tried to find out what was wrong, she said calmly, “i know whats wrong; ive got throat cancer.i know theres nothing you doctors can do about it and ive just got to wait until the day comes.”as a matter of routine i ordered a chest xray.i looked at it and the blood results an hour later.something wasnt right.“did your local doctor do an xray？” i asked.“oh, i havent been to the doctor for years，” she replied.“i read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted, so i knew thats what i had.”however, some of her symptoms, like the severe cough and weight loss, didnt fit with itbut shed just ignored this.i looked at the xray again, and more tests confirmed it wasnt the cancer but tuberculosis (肺结核)something that most certainly did need treating, and could be deadly.she was lucky we caught it when we did.mrs almond went pale when i explained she would have to be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered.it was certainly a lesson for her.“im_so_embarrassed，” she said, shaking her head, as i explained that all the people she had come into close contact with would have to be found out and tested.she listed up to about 20, and then i went to my office to type up my notes.unexpectedly, the computer was not working, so i had to wait until someone from the it department came to fix it.typical.maybe i should have a microwave sausage while i waited?63