高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练（33）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解抓分精品训练（33）及答案 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中，选出最佳选项。a the dyed bun scandal (染色馒头丑闻) deals another blow to shoppers confidence in buying food products, as well as the reputation of local sellers. li zhen reports on shoppers reactions in shanghai.an investigation by the municipal government revealed that shanghai shenglu food company produced more than 3,000 steamed buns daily. these were then sold across the city, including large supermarkets such as hualian, lianhua and dia. fewer steamed buns were for sale at this lianhua supermarket. more than 32,000 buns were taken off store shelves when the scandal emerged. mr. wang, sales manager of lianhua supermarket, said, “we removed the dyed steamed buns produced by shenglu as soon as we learned of the incident. we gave customers who had bought the steamed buns from our outlets refunds with their receipts. despite the scandal, our sales volume has been fine so far.”however, most customers we met remained concerned about food safety. steamed buns are a regular breakfast food for ms. gao. she used to buy them mostly from supermarkets because she felt it was in a clean and safe environment. but now, she has second thoughts about buying the popular snack.ms. gao, shanghai shopper, said, “i cant believe that even steamed buns from the supermarkets are no longer safe. the only places i trusted to shop at were major supermarkets and specialist shops. but now even there, product quality cannot be guaranteed. i really dont know where to buy my goods from in the future.shoppers at supermarkets who still bought steamed buns said they had few options. “i feel like giving up supermarkets. but i really dont know where to do my food shopping. i cant make these things myself.” said ms. tang, shanghai shopper.1. the colored buns were sold in some large supermarkets except _. a. hualian b. lianhua c. shenglud. dia 2. what ms. gao and ms. tang said suggests that _. a. they still trust major supermarkets when shopping b. they will make food by themselves c. they will never go to supermarkets d. they feel confused about where to buy safe food 3. the underlined word in the last paragraph can be replaced by _.a. choices b. ideas c. hintsd. marks 4. what is the main idea of this passage?a. major supermarkets removed the dyed steamed buns.b. dyed steamed buns brought great loss to major supermarkets. c. famous supermarkets are involved in the bun scandal.d. dyed bun scandal hurts consumers confidence.5. where can you most probably read the passage?a. in a fashion magazine. b. in a newspaper. c. in a guideline book. d. in an official document.参考答案cdadb c72013江苏卷 bweve considered several ways of paying to cut in line：hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers(票贩子)，or purchasing linecutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park.each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue(waiting your turn)with the morals of the market(paying a price for faster service)markets and queuespaying and waitingare two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities.the morals of the queue，“first come, first served，” have an egalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.they tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets.the principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.but the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.if i put my house up for sale, i have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because its the first.selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards.sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank：“your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.”this is essential for the morals of the queue.its as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.but dont take the recorded message too seriously.today, some peoples calls are answered faster than others.call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places.you might call this telephonic queue jumping.of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things.some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance.however，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other nonmarket ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore.it is striking that most of the paid queuejumping schemes weve consideredat airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors offices，and national parksare recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago.the disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered.58according to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle “first come，first served”？ataking buses. bbuying houses.cflying with an airline. dvisiting amusement parks.59the example of the recorded message in paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates _athe necessity of patience in queuing bthe advantage of modern technologycthe uncertainty of allocation principle dthe fairness of telephonic services60the passage is meant to _ajustify paying for faster services bdiscuss the morals of allocating thingscanalyze the reason for standing in line dcriticize the behavior of queue jumping【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述的是生活中购物买票等的插队问题。作者通过举例、道理分析来解读道德和市场的平衡问题，要想得到快速的服务，就要额外付出更多的费用，由此对在道德和市场竞争之间产生的矛盾进行探讨。58a推理判断题。根据第二段中的“first come, first served”和第三段“the principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops.but the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions.”可知选a项。59c细节判断题。根据第四段“sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.”和第五段可知，有时分配的原则是不断变化的，也就是说分配原则的不确定性，故选c项。60b作者意图题。本文主要阐述了如何进行分配，讨论了基于分配原则的可变性的道德标准，故选b项。 a few years ago i asked my childrens governess, julia vassilyevna, to come into my study. “ sit down, julia vassilyevna,” i said.“lets settle our accounts. although you most likely need some money, you stand on ceremony and wont ask for it yourself. now then, we agree on thirty rubles a month” “ forty.” “ no, thirty. i made a note of it. i always pay the governess thirty. now then, youve been here two months, so” “ two months and five days.” “ exactly two months. i made a specific note of it. that means you have sixty rubles coming to you. subtract nine sundays you know you didnt work with kolya on sundays, you only took walks. and three holidays” julia vassilyevna flushed a deep red and picked at the flounce of her dress, but- not a word. “ three holidays, therefore take off twelve rubles. four days kolya was sick and there were no lessons, as you were occupied only with vanya. three days you had a toothache and my wife gave you permission not to work after lunch. twelve and seven-nineteen. subtractthat leaveshmmforty-one rubles. correct?”julia vassilyenas left eye reddened and filled with moisture. her chin trembled; she coughed nervously and blew her nose, but-not a word.“ around new years you broke a teacup and saucer: take off two rubles. the cup cost more, it was an heirloom, but-let it go. when didnt i take a loss? then, due to your neglect, kolya climbed a tree and tore his jacket: take off ten. also due to your heedlessness the maid stole vanyas shoes. you ought to watch everything! you get paid for it. so, that means five more rubles off. the tenth of january i gave you ten rubles”“ you didnt ” whispered julia vassilyevna.“ but i made a note of it.”“ wellall right.”“ take twenty-seven from forty-one -that leaves fourteen.”both eyes filled with tears. perspiration appeared on the thin, pretty little nose. poor girl!“ only once was i given any money,” she said in a trembling voice, “ and that was by your wife. three rubles, nothing more.”“ really? you see now, and i didnt make a note of it! take three from fourteen leaves eleven. heres your money, my dear. three , three, three, one and one. here it is!”i handed her eleven rubles. she took them and with trembling fingers stuffed them into her pocket.“ merci,” she whispered.i jumped up and started pacing the room. i was overcome with anger.“ for what, this -merci?” i asked.“ for the money.”“ but you know ive cheated you, gods sake-robbed you! i have actually stolen from you! why this merci?”“ in my other places they didnt give me anything at all.”“ they didnt give you anything? no wonder! i played a little joke on you, a cruel lesson, just to teach you im going to give you the entire eighty rubles! here they are in an envelope all ready for you is it really possible to be so spineless? why dont you protest? why be silent? is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws- to be such a nincompoop?”she smiled crookedly and i read in her expression: “ it is possible.”i asked her pardon for the cruel lesson and , to her great surprise, gave her the eighty rubles. she murmured her litter “merci” several times and went out. i looked after her and thought: “how easy it is to crush the weak in this world!”16. when the employer called julia vassilyevna in to talk with him, what he really wanted to do was _a. to settle their accountsb. to criticize her for neglecting her duties as a governess.c. to play a joke on her so as to amuse himself.d. to teach her not to be so spineless.17. the employer made all those criticisms about julia vassiliyevnas work because _a. she had neglected her duties.b. he wanted to pay her as little money as possible.c. he wanted to make her realize that she was being cheated and protest against it.d. he wanted to make her feel miserable.18. julia vassilyevna accepted everything her employer said because _a. she had in fact neglected her duties.b. she was a very dumb girl.c. she thought it was of no use to protest to her employer.d. she loved the children she taught.19. the employer became very angry when julia vassilyevna said “ merci” because _a. she didnt say “merci” loudly.b. she didnt protest to him.c. he thought that by simply saying “ merci” she wasnt polite enough.d. he didnt like the way in which she stuffed the money into per pocket and expressed her thanks.20. the text is about _a. how a governess was cheated by her employer.b. how an employer tried to teach the governess a cruel lesson.c. how a governess was fired by her employer for being a nincompoop.d. how an employer punished the governess for not having done a good job.参考答案 dccbb you wake up in the morning，the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time. then the telephone rings，you say hello, and the drama startsthe person on the other end has a depressing tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward toyou are still in a wonderful mood? impossible! communicating with negative people can wash out your happinessit may not change what you think，but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long timelife brings ups and downs，but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offerthey only feel glad when they make others feel badno wonder they can hardly win others pity or respectwhen you communicate with positive people，your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attractedwhen the dagger(匕首) of a negative person is put in you，you feel the heavy feeling that all in all，brings you downsometimes we have no choice but to communicate with negative peoplethis could be a co-worker，or a relativein this case，say what needs to be said as little as possible. sometimes it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person，but all this does is to lower you to that same negative level and they wont feel ashamed of themselves about thatnegativity often affects happiness without even being realizedthe negative words of another at the start of the day can cling to(附着) you throughout the rest of your day，which makes you feel bad and steals your happinesslife is too short to feel negativestay positive and avoid negativity as much as possible6. the purpose of the first paragraph is to _.a. make a comparison b. offer an evidencec. introduce a topic d. describe a daily scene7. how can negative people have effect on us?a. by influencing our emotion b. by telling us the nature of lifec. by changing our ways of thinking d. by comparing their attitudes to life with ours8. some negative people base their happiness on _.a. other peoples pity for them b. making other people unhappyc. building up a positive attitude d. other peoples respect for them9. according to the passage, to reduce negative peoples influence on us，we are advised to _. a. change negative peoples attitudes to lifeb. show our dissatisfaction to negative peoplec. make negative people feel ashamed of themselvesd. communicate with negative people as little as possible10. what is the authors attitude towards negative people?a. favorableb. critical. c. indifferent. d. supportive.参考答案cabdb c72013江西卷 bwhen international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (确保) that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. the way to achieve this may not be simple. it is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. the united nations organization(uno) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. here however rises the problem of costs. also tied with this is time. perhaps the uno could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.more than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. a common proverb says, “give_me_a_fish_and_i_eat_for_a_day,_teach_me_to_fish_and_i_eat_for_a_lifetime.” if we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. for example, a country could share its technology with another. this could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. even a small country is able to help less developed nations. sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. it does not cost much to share such simple things. exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. they can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. it will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the buildup of friendships to consider. giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. however, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.61according to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?a. by solving the cost problems.b. by solving the transportation problems.c. by setting up a bod