高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（19）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题（19）及答案c8 2013湖北卷 -ea german study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.the paper, published this march in psychology and aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 germans between ages 18 and 96.the surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.the researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“we observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote frieder rlang, a professor at the university of erlangennuremberg.lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.the authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.however, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“we found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the authors concluded.67according to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?aoptimistic adults. bmiddleaged adults.cadults in poor health. dadults of lower income.68pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _ato fully enjoy their present lifebto estimate their contribution accuratelycto take measures against potential risksdto value health more highly than wealth69how do people of higher income see their future?athey will earn less money.bthey will become pessimistic.cthey will suffer mental illness.dthey will have less time to enjoy life.70what is the clear conclusion of the study?apessimism guarantees chances of survival.bgood financial condition leads to good health.cmedical treatment determines health outcomes.dexpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。67b 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。故b正确。68c 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions ”知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。句中的be more careful about与take measures against potential risks一致。故c正确。69a 细节理解题。根据第八段中的“respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。故a正确。70d 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。故d正确。社会生活类-56it is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. but in order to work up the desire to rewrite,it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.i am surprised at the number of famous writers i know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers opinions. one reason we may dislike reading our own work is that were often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. jerry fodor and steven pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work.different from popular belief,we do not usually think in the words and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas (known as mentalese),and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language. but while mentalese contains our thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry(织锦),writing can only be composed one thread at a time. therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. it is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produce new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.when people write as if some strict critics(批评家) are looking over their shoulder,they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. peter elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. when writing we should have two different minds. at the first stage,we should see every idea,as well as the words we use to express it,as wonderful and worth putting down. it is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.1. what do we learn from the text about those famous writers?a. they often regret writing poor works.b. some of them write surprisingly much.c. many of them hate reading their own works.d. they are happy to review the publishers opinions.2. what do people generally believe about the way human minds work?a. people think in words and sentences.b. human ideas are translated into symbols.c. people think by connecting threads of ideas.d. human thoughts are expressed through pictures.3. what can we conclude from the text?a. most people believe we think in symbols.b. loving our own writing is scientifically reasonable.c. the writers and critics can never reach an agreement.d. thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work.【参考答案】56.1-3 cad 社会生活类-57tens of thousands of theatre tickets will be given away to young people next year as part of a government campaign to inspire a lifelong love for theatre.the plan to offer free seats to people aged between 18 to 26funded with 2. 5 million of taxpayers moneywas announced yesterday by andy burnham, the culture secretary. it received a cautious welcome from some in the arts world, who expressed concern that the tickets may not reach the most underprivileged. the plan comes as west end theatres are enjoying record audiences, thanks largely to musicals teaming up with television talent shows. attendances reached 13. 6 million in 2007, up 10 percent on 2006, itself a record year. total sales were up 18 percent on 2006 to almost 470 million. one theatre source criticised the governments priorities (优先考虑的事)in funding free tickets when pensioners were struggling to buy food and fuel, saying:“i dont know why the governments wasting money on this. the young vic, as the times reported today, offers excellent performances at cheap prices.”there was praise for the governments plan from dominic cooke of the royal court theatre, who said:“i support any move to get young people into theatre, and especially one that aims to do it all over england, not just in london.”ninety-five publicly funded theatres could apply for funding under the two-year plan. in return, they will offer free tickets on at least one day each week to 18 to 26-year-olds, first-come, first-served. it is likely to be on mondays, traditionally a quiet night for the theatre. mr. burnham said:“a young person attending the theatre can find it an exciting experience, and be inspired to explore a new world. but sometimes people miss out on it because they fear its not for them. its time to change this perception.”jeremy hunt, the shadow culture secretary, said:“the real issue is not getting enthusiastic children into the theatre, but improving arts education so that more young people want to go in the first place. for too many children theatres are a no-go area.”1. critics of the plan argued that.a. the theatres would be overcrowdedb. it would be a waste of moneyc. pensioners wouldnt get free ticketsd. the government wouldnt be able to afford it2. according to the supporters, the plan should.a. benefit the television industryb. focus on producing better playsc. help increase the sales of ticketsd. involve all the young people in england3. which of the following is true about the plan? a. ninety-five theatres have received funding.b. everyone will get at least one free ticket.c. it may not benefit all the young people.d. free tickets are offered once every day.4. we can infer from the passage that in england.a. many plays are not for young peopleb. many young people dont like theatrec. people know little about the pland. children used to receive good arts education5. according to the passage, the issue to offer free tickets to young people seems.a. controversial b. inspiringc. exciting d. unreasonable【参考答案】57.1-5 bdcba c82013江苏卷 -cif a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.the consequence，if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.if the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.other airbreathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast：whales, for example.and so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.that these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.if bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.this kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.bruce rothschild of the university of kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.what he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.to this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds naturalhistory museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the triassic period and from the later jurassic and cretaceous periods.when he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.more than 15% of jurassic and cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.if ichthyosaurs did evolve an antidecompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.but that is not what dr rothschild thinks happened.he suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物)such as a large shark.one of the features of jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark and crocodilefree.in the triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.in the jurassic and cretaceous，they were prey(猎物)as well as predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.61which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?aa twisted body.ba gradual decrease in blood supply.ca sudden release of nitrogen in blood.da drop in blood pressure.62the purpose of rothschilds study is to see _ahow often ichthyosaurs caught the bendsbho