高考英语阅读理解评估检测（22）.doc

2014高考英语阅读理解评估检测（22） c82013江西卷 cmany people think that listening is a passive business. it is just the opposite. listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. it is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well. listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. an essential part of listening well is the rule known asbracketing. bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes. moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. true communication is under way. the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.most of the time we lack this energy. even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we dont want to hear.it wasnt until toward the end of my doctor career that i have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的). in about a quarter of the patients i saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理疗法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. there are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, i believe, was the patients sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.66. the phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in paragraph 2 probably means _a. preparing a topic list first b. focusing on ones own mindc. directing the talk to the desired results d. experiencing the speakers inside world67what is mainly discussed in paragraph 2?a. how to listen well. b. what to listen to.c. benefits of listening. d. problems in listening.68according to the author, in communication people tend to _a. listen actively b. listen purposefully c. set aside their prejudices d. open up their inner mind69according to the author, the patients improved mainly because _a. they were taken good care of b. they knew they were truly listened toc. they had partners to talk to d. they knew the roots of problems70what type of writing is the article likely to be?a. science fiction. b. a news report. c. a medical report. d. popular science.【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了倾听的好处，并通过自己作为医生的亲身体验说明倾听对于病人来说是最好的疗法。66. d考查词意猜测。由画线短语所在句前部分“to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside”可推出画线短语应该是“走进说话者的内心世界”的意思。67. a考查段落大意。由第二段的内容以及第二段第一、二句“listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. an essential part of listening well is”可知此段主要讲述了如何才能听得好。68. b考查细节理解。由第三段第二句“what we are usually doing is listening selectively.”可知在交流中我们倾向于有选择地也就是有目的地听。69. b考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的)”可知真正被倾听是最有疗效的医治方法。70. d考查推理判断。综观全文，本文主要说明了倾听的好处，故此篇文章应该属于通俗(大众)科普类文章。(2011莆田适应性练习，e)the new york times announced wednesday that it intended to charge frequent readers for access to its web site, a step being debated across the industry that nearly every major newspaper has so far feared to take.starting in early 2011, visitors to nyt will get a certain number of articles free every month before being asked to pay a flat fee for unlimited access. subscribers(订阅者) to the newspapers print edition will receive full access to the site.but executives(执行主管) of the new york times company said they could not yet answer fundamental questions about the plan, like how much it would cost or what the limit would be on free reading. they stressed that the amount of free access could change with time, in response to economic conditions and readers demand.still, publishers fear that income from digital subscriptions would not compensate for the resulting loss of audience and advertising revenue.nyt is by far the most popular newspaper site in the country, with more than 17 million readers a month in the united states, according to nielsen online, and analysts say it is easily the leader in advertising revenue, as well. that may make it better positioned than other generalinterest papers to chargeand also gives the times more to lose if the move backfires.the times company has been studying the matter for almost a year, searching for common ground between pro and antipay campsa debate mirrored in dozens of mediawatching blogsand the system will not go into effect until january 2011. executives said they were not bothered by the prospect of absorbing barbs(冷嘲热讽) for moving cautiously.“theres no prize for getting it quick，” said janet l. robinson, the companys president and chief executive. “theres more of a prize for getting it right.”17the first paragraph serves as a _.a. conclusion b. commentc. leadind. background答案：c。推理判断题。第一段引出话题。18. we may know from the passage that _.a. nonpaying readers will get no access to nyt b. readers will be charged more to read more articles on nytc. visitors to nyt frequently will get more free online articles d. subscribers to the print edition will enjoy free access to the site as well答案：d。细节理解题。由第二段最后一句话“subscribers(订阅者) to the newspapers print edition will receive full access to the site.”可知，订阅了该报纸的文字版的阅读者将会享受免费网上版。19. which of the following best describes the times companys attitude towards its announcement?a. rude.bserious.c. hurried.d. doubtful.答案：b。推理判断题。由第六段可推知。20. the passage is mainly about_.a. the times to offer free access to its web siteb. the times to increase audience to its web sitec. the times to attract advertisement to its web sited. the times to charge for frequent access to its web site 答案：d。主旨大意题。由文章大意可知，本文讲的是纽约时报将对其网上版进行收费的规定及人们对此的反应。c82012北京卷 decisionmaking under stressa new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative(负面的) consequences of a decision.the research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“stress affects how people learn，” says professor mara mather.“people learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”for example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像)with either rewards or punishments. in one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. in both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.this phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stressat those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. but the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.the research also found that stress appears to affect decisionmaking differently in men and women. while both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. in stressful situations in which risktaking can pay off big, men may tend to do better; when caution weighs more, however, women will win.this tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64we can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.akeep rewards better in their memorybrecall consequences more effortlesslycmake risky decisions more frequentlydlearn a subject more effectively65according to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.aways of making choicesbpreference for pleasurectolerance of punishmentsdresponses to suggestions66the research has proved that in a stressful situation, _.awomen find it easier to fall into certain habitsbmen have a greater tendency to slow downcwomen focus more on outcomesdmen are more likely to take risks【要点综述】本文主要讲述的是压力对人做出决定的影响以及男女在面对压力时决定方式的不同。64. a细节理解题。根据文章第四段“in both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.”可知a为正确答案。65. a推理判断题。根据文章标题和实验内容，可知作者要说明的是“the research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.”(第二段)。所以选a。66. d细节理解题。根据文章第七段“men who had been stressed by the coldwater task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way.”可知d为正确选项。 c82013辽宁卷 chere is an astonishing and significant fact: mental work alone cant make us tired.it sounds absurd.but a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳)to the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! if we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.but if we took blood from the brain of an albert einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.so far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.the brain is totally tireless.so what makes us tired?some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.one of englands most outstanding scientists, ja. hadfield, says, “the greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.in fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” dr.brill, a famous american scientist, goes even further.he declares, “one hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”what kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? joy? satisfaction? no! a feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciatedthose are the emotions that tire sitting workers.hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.we get tired because our emotions produce