人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识点梳理及练习(带解析).doc

人教版高一英语必修一Unit2知识点梳理及练习（带解析）1. 重点词汇official adj 官方的正式的.公务的 voyage n 航行航海conquer 征服.占领 because of 因为native 本国的；本地的 n 本地人本国人 come up 走近，上来提出actually实际上，事实上 base根据 n 基部；基地，墓础 at present 现在；目前 gradual 逐渐的.逐步的 enrich 使富裕；充实，改善 vocabulary 词汇.词汇量.词表make use of 利用 使用 latter 较后的后平的；（两者中）后者的 . fluent 流利的.流畅的 frequent adj 频繁的常见的 usage 使用.用法.词语惯用法 command命令；指令；掌握request请求；要求 dialect 方言 expression 词语；表示表达 midwestern 中西部的.有中西部特性的 African adj 非洲的：非洲人的；非洲语言的 play a part ( in ）扮演个角色：参与 2.短语归纳1. 不只有一种英语 more than one kind of English2. 在一些重要方面 in some important ways3. 彼此不同 be different from one another4. 与现代英语不同 be different from modern / present day English 5. 世界英语 world Englishes6. 起着的重要作用 play an important role / part7. 起着越来越重要的作用 play a more and more /an increasingly important part / role8. 因为它特殊的作用 because of its special role9. 国际语言 an international language10. 在16世纪末 at the end of the 16 th century11. 在17世纪初 at the beginning of the 17 th century12. 在20世纪前期 in the early 20 th century13. 比以往任何时候都 than ever before14. 即使 even if / even though15. 以德语为基础 be based on German16. 使用更大的词汇量 make use of a wider vocabulary17. 它自己的特色 its own identity18. 众多讲英语的人a very large number of English speakers19. 学英语的人数 the number of people learning English20. 迅速增长increase rapidly21. 标准英语standard English22. 信不信由你 believe it or not23. 讲最好的英语 speak excellent English24. 相邻的城镇 neighboring towns 25. 从一个地方搬到另一个地方 move from one place to another26. 充分利用不同的方言 make full use of different dialects27. 目前的形势 present situation28. 国际组织 an international organization29. 词汇与惯用法 vocabulary and usage30. 辨认出他的口音 recognize his accent31. 中西部地区的方言 midwestern dialect(s)32. 发出命令 give commands33. 提出客气的请求 make a polite request要点提炼 Section A重要词语辨析1. voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour【解释】voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行Columbus succeeded in making a voyage to America in 1942.journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行，距离较远，多指陆地They will make a journey to Beijing by : 一系列的旅程，泛指旅游We had six days travel by car.trip: (短途)旅行The Greens will take a weekend trip to the Great Wall.tour: 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行We will make a tour of Hainan next week.【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). It is tiring to take a long _ by train from Paris to Moscow.2). The _ from England to Australia used to take several months.3). Well have time for a _ to France next weekend.4). We went on a guided _ round the castle.答案:1). journey 2). voyage 3). trip 4). tour1. recognize/realize/know(1)recognize 指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。(2)realize 强调在经过一个过程后的了解。(3)know 是延续性动词，指互相间十分熟悉、十分了解应用1(1)Only after you lose your health will you _ the importance of health.(2)Ive _ Tom for years.(3)I _ him as soon as he came into the room答案：recognize known realised2. such as/for example/that is/and so on(1)such as 用于列举事物时常放在所列举事物与前面的名词之间，且其后不用逗号，直接跟所列举的事物，可与 like互换。它所列举的事物的数量不能等同于前面所提的事物的总和，否则就用 that is或 namely。(2)for example 主要用于举例说明，其前后多用符号隔开。其位置比较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句末(such as只能位于所列举的事物之前)。(3)that is 相当于 namely，它所列举的事物的总量等于前面所提到的事物的总和。(4)and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用.and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出了。应用2(1)My daughter studies four subjects in school, _， Chinese, maths, English and PE.(2)Overcooking(烹饪过度), _， destroys many nutrients(营养素).(3)He can speak some other languages, _ French and German.(4)There are some books, pens, erasers _ in my bag.答案 that is for example such as and so on3. especially/ specially【解释】especially意思是“尤其，特别”，表达事物的不寻常或特别重要specially 指为了某一目的，专门做某事【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Our city is very beautiful, _ in spring. 我们城市很美丽，尤其在春天。2). He came here _ to ask you for help. 他是专程来这里向你求助的。答案: 1). especially 2). specially 4 a number of / the number of【解释】a number of意思是“若干；许多”the number of意思是“的数目”【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1). Today _ people learning Chinese in the world is raising rapidly.2). _ books in the market are in English.答案: 1). the number of 2). A number of重要词性变化 1. actual adj. 实际的actually adv. 实际上；事实上2. base n. 基地；基础base v. 以为根据basic adj. 基本的3. east n. 东方eastern adj. 东方的；东部的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1) What did he _ say? (actual)2) The _ cost was much higher than we had expected. (actual)3）My knowledge of physics is pretty _. (base)4）She used her familys history as a _ for her novel. (base)5）This novel is _ on historical facts. (base)6）He is interested in _ customs. (determine)7) The wind is blowing from the _. (determine)答案: 1) actually2) actual3) basic4) base5) based 6) eastern7) east重点词汇，短语，句式1.official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的You will have to get official permission to cut down the trees.你得获得官方批准才可以砍伐这些树。There will be an official inquiry into the matter.将对这件事进行正式调查。【拓展】official 或 officer两者都有官员的意思，但是所指不同1， official常指政府官员或行政官员2， officer常指身特定制服的官员，如军官或者警官等。练习：我爸爸是军官，而他爸爸是政府官员。My father is an_ in the army, while his father is an_ in the government.答案：officer official2. voyage n.航行；航海；航天The voyage from America to France used to take two months.从美国到法国的航行通常要花2个月的时间。例题：他们要进行横越大西洋的航行。They want to_ _ _ across the Atlantic.从水手辛伯达的几次旅行中，他学会了很多关于大海的知识。From _ _ of the sailor Sinbad, he knew a lot about the sea.答案：make a voyage the voyages3. native adj. 本国的；本土的 n.本地人，本国人The women are native people.这些妇女是本地人。Finally, she returned to her native land.她最后返回了她的祖国。The panda is a native of China.熊猫原产于中国。【注意】native 做形容词用时，只能做前置定语。be native to 意为（动植物）是特有的，原产于The tiger is native to India, 这种虎产于印度。4. actually adv. 实际上；事实上 （相当于in fact/ as a matter of fact）He looked calm, but actually he was very nervous.他看起来很镇定，实际上却非常紧张。Perhaps I will stay up and watch the film. Actually, I think I will just go to bed.或许我会熬夜看这部电影，不过我想我还是去睡觉吧。【其他】actually adv.居然；竟然He actually expected me to pay for the ticket.他竟然指望我给他付票钱。actual adj. 实在的；实际的；实际上；确实What were his actual words? 他到底怎么说的？5. base vt. 以为基础 n.基础；基地；I based my hopes on the good news we had yesterday.我把希望寄托在我们昨天的得到的好消息上。This provides a good base for the development of new techniques.这为新技术的发展奠定了良好的基础。base sth on sth 以某事物为另一事物的根据或基础be base on 以为基础on the base of 以为基础an air base 空军基地The story is based on facts.这个故事是以事实为基础的。One should always base ones opinions on facts.一个人的观点应该以事实为基础。6gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的gradually adv.逐渐地，逐步地Things gradually improved. 情况已经渐渐地改善。gradual adj.逐渐的，逐步的This is a gradual change in his attitude towards his stepmother.他对待继母的态度正在逐渐改变。7. latter adj. 较后的；后半的；后者的She lived a hard life in the latter part of her life.在她的后半生，她过的很辛苦。【注意】the latter (已提到的两者中的)后者，通常与the former(前者)相对应They are two choices for us. Many boys support the farmer, but I favour the latter.注意区分later 后来 8. frequent adj. 频繁的；常见的His visit became less frequent as time passed.随时时间的流逝，他渐渐不常登门了。frequently adv. 常常；频繁的Buses run frequently from the city to the airport.公共汽车不断的从城市开往机场。词组1. because of 因为；由于典例1). They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。短语归纳because of 是复合介词。because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。练习 He came late to school again _ he got up too late. The girl cried _ what the teacher said. we have to cancel our trip _ the bad weather.because of的近义词组thanks to 因为；由于as a result of 由于的原因by reason of 因为due to 因为，由于owing to 归功于Thanks to his help, I finished the task on time.多亏了他的帮助，我按时完后了任务。I had to stay at home due to the weather.由于天气原因我只能呆在家里。2.come up走近；上来；提出典例 1). The little came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. 小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting. 这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。5). I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕发生了什么急事。短语归纳come across邂逅 偶遇come about发生 come at向扑来,攻击come from 来自come out 出版;开花；结果是come up with想出come true实现 come down下来；传承练习 用come构成的词组填空。1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _ him. 2). The magazine _ once a month.3). I wish you can _ to England on your holiday.4). The engineers has _ new ways of saving energy.5). They _ an old school friend in the street this morning.答案: 1). came at 2). comes out 3). come over4). come up with5). came across3. at present 现在，目前 1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送典例 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2). I am afraid I cant help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。3). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。I am afraid I cant help you just at present -I am too basy.恐怕现在我帮不了你，我太忙了。重点用法at present=at the present time=now 目前，现在be present at 出席；到场(反义： be absent from)present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人【注意】present作为adj.“现在的；当前的”讲时，常做前置定语；而做“出席的，到场的”讲时，常做后置定语。He doesnt know how to deal with the present problem.他不知道则呢么应对当前的局势。The people present at the meeting are advanced workers.出席会议的人都是先进工作者。练习 中译英1). 所有（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误。2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. 2). This book was a present from my brother.4. make use of 利用；使用典例 1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。use前可加形容词，表示不同程度的利用。短语归纳make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用 make the best/most of 充分利用use up 用尽，耗尽You are not making the best (use) of your talents.你并没有充分发挥你的才能。练习1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。2). 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English. 2). We will make good use of her talents.5. such as例如；像这种的1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry. 有些诗人, 如济慈和雪莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了关于such as for example that is and so on 见辨析练习 用such as或for example填空1). I like drinks _ tea and soda.2). The report is incomplete; it doesnt include sales in France, _.答案: 1) such as2). For example句型 1.Why not go by underground? 为什么不坐地铁去呢？Why not +V原 句式，表示提出建议或对某些建议表示同意。=why dont you/we do?2. Which country do you think has the most English learners?解释本句包含一个结构，疑问词+do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose/suggest +陈述句 此结构又称为双重疑问句，用来征询对某一观点的看法，判断，认识，猜测和请求，表疑问的插入语又起到主句的作用，所以其后一定要用陈述句语序。注意：如果插入语是do you suggest时，句中的谓语动词应用should+动词原形 What timedoyouexpect we willcome and pick you up？你希望我们几点来接你？ Whatdoyousupposehewilldo after he hears about the good news？你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？Whydoyouthinktheir team could win the football match? 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？3. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，他们有的是作为第一语言来说，有的是作为第二语言或者外语。解释 than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”。如：The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。练习 中译英1). 简看起来比以前漂亮多了。 2). 雨下得比以前更大。答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before. 2). Its raining harder than ever before.【拓展】：(1)引导让步状语从句的引导词还有 although, though, no matter when/what., whenever, wherever, however 等等。(2)as也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语、谓语或宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以加冠词。Even though you achieve great success in your work, you should not be conceited.即使你们在工作中取得了巨大的成绩，也不应该自满。Whatever you do, do it well.不管你做什么，把它做好。However hot it is, he wont take off his hat.不管多热，他都不摘下帽子。Girl as she is, she can go alone in the darkness.尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。即境活用1(2007浙江)Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _they knew it to be valuable.Aas if Bnow that Ceven though Dso that解析：even thougheven if “即使”，引导让步状语从句。答案：C4.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相理解。 句中even if 是连接词组，用来引导一个让步状语从句，意为“即使；尽管”相当于even thoughWe wouldnt buy the car even if we could afford it.即使我们付得起这笔钱，也不会买这辆车。【注意】此句型主将从现的用法We will visit the museum even though/if it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨我们也要去参观这家博物馆。【辨析】even though/if 和 as if/thougheven though/if 表示“尽管；即使”引导让步状语从句as if/though 表示“好像”引导方式状语从句或表语从句，其从句一般用虚拟语气，若所陈述的情况很有可能实现，也可以用陈述语气。Even if he is poor, she loves him .Tom looks as if he were an artist.5.At first the English spoken in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different from the English today.首先，大约在公园450年到1150年间，英国人所说的英语与今天所说的英语很不不一样。本句中两个English后面都跟了过去分词spoken做后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that is/was spoken,过去分词作定语表示被动或完成。Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun?The building built there is our lab.【注意】过去分词作定语的时候，单个的分词作定语的时候，一般位于其修饰的名词前；分词短语作定语，一般位于其修饰你的名词之后，被过去分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语，该分词与被修饰词之间存在动宾关系。The stolen car was found by the police last week.警察上周找到了那辆失窃的车。1完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：216完成时间：15分钟难度：*For the past weeks, Seoul, the capital of the Republic of Korea (ROK), had been swept with anger. Tens of thousands of people 21 by candlelight with banners，saying Mad cow drives us mad.”About 1000,000 people filled the streets to 22 the governments beef import from the United States.Several countries had 23 imports from America following a case of mad cow disease in 2003. But in April the ROKs government agreed to continue the 24 .The protests soon grew into a 25 one against President Lee Myung-baks polices on everything from democracy to 26 reform.Last December when Lee won the election he was thought by people in the country as a(n) 27 leader who could save the ROK from 28 economic growth and cold ties with the United States. Since taking office, Lee opened doors for foreign companies, and reformed the teaching of English. He also became the first leader to be invited to the US presidential retreat of Camp David. The night before his visit, he agreed to lift the ban on American beef to show his eagerness to 29 ties.But this time, his people felt he had gone too far. What he did was little different from an old Korean king offering tribute to a Chinese emperor, said Kim Spooky, who joined the protest with her two children. Its 30 . 21. A. fought B. marched C. celebrated D. sang 22. A. protect B. support C. protest D. defend 23. A. stopped B. continued C. restricted D. controlled 24. A. exportation B. production C. importation D. sale 25. A. fiercer B. broader C. narrower D. stronger 26. A. laws B. customs C. trade D. education27. A. wise B. violent C. cruel D. aggressive28. A. steady B. proper C. healthy D. low29. A. destroy B. rebuild C. break D. value 30. A. persuasive B. controversial C. ashamed D. impressive 2语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are necessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear 31 spoken. Secondly, we must be able to speak it ourselves correctly with confidence and without hesitation. 32 , we must be able to read the language, and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success 33 language learning. 34 good memory is a great help, but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long lists of words and 36 meanings, studying the dictionary and so on. We must learn by using the language. 37 we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language. “Learn through use” is a good piece of 38 (advise) for those 39 are studying a new language. Practice is important. We must practise speaking and 40 (write) the language whenever we can.3阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 One summer my friend and I decided to go to Italy for a holiday and we decided to travel there without going through a travel agency. You know, you would be submerged (淹没) in crowds of tourists and lose lots of opportunities to get familiar with the country more closely. We started to think over our trip and managed to come up with a free tour of Italy. The trip was not very long but it was still very impressive. We look forward to going there again! Of course, we spent lots of time arranging the trip, but it was well worth it! Of course I was afraid that something would go wrong and I was especially anxious about my visa, but everything went quite smoothly in the end. The most difficult part was getting a visa without an invitation. In the Italian consulate(领事馆), one must hand in some official paper proving that one has a hotel booked for oneself in order to get the visa. Then we had to solve the ticket problem. Airlines often sell cheap tickets and we bought ours far in advance. The next step was to book a hotel. We finally booked a hotel about thirty km away from the heart of Rome and it was the perfect choice for our trip. Every day we took a train that carried us to the heart of Rome. Our big house, which was surrounded by the forest, was a rare girl for the fresh air and absolute silence, beautiful views, hospitable (好客的) hosts, comfortable living conditions delighted us to no end. Besides this, we were very lucky that our mistress was Russian. She gave us a lot of advice that was of great use. She told us what transport to choose and where the best places to go. Dont be afraid to arrange your trip by yourself. Its not