高考英语大一轮复习 第2部分 语法专题 语境考查类 第三课时 定语从句课件 新人教版.ppt

第三课时定语从句 单句语法填空 单句改错1 myconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonatvshowinthemid 1980s iwasthefirstwesterntvreporter 2016 全国 65 2 somepeoplethinkthatthegreatchinesescholarconfucius livedfromroughly551to479bc influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks 2016 全国 47 3 i dskippednearbyguilin adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheliriver arepicturedbyartistsinsomanychinesepaintings 2015 全国 64 感悟高考 4 thedisheswhaticookedweremom sfavorite 2016 四川 短文改错 5 havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o clockatnight 2013 全国 短文改错 答案1 when2 who3 that which4 what that或which 或者去掉what5 that which 考点一下列情况只用that不用which规则 先行词是all something everything anything nothing little much few等不定代词或先行词被all any every no little much some等词修饰 doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself 你还有想要为你自己说的事情吗 规则 先行词被序数词 形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词 whatisthefirstamericanfilmthatyouhaveseen 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么 考点清单 规则 先行词中既有人也有物 hetalkedaboutthepeopleandtheplacethathehadvisitedinthatcountry 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方 考点二用which而不用that引导的定语从句规则 which可引导非限制性定语从句 that则不能 hehadfailedinthemathsexam whichmadehisfatherveryangry 他没通过数学考试 这令他父亲很生气 规则 在介词提前的定语从句中 只用which而不用that引导 thisistheplaceinwhichluxunusedtolive 这是鲁迅曾住过的地方 规则 which用作定语时 hemaybelate inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim 他也许会迟到 那样的话 我们应该等他 考点三关系副词引导的定语从句规则 关系副词when where why的先行词是表示时间 地点或原因 一般为reason 的名词 在从句中作状语 有时可用 介词 which 结构替换 istillrememberthedaywhenifirstcametobeijing 我还记得我第一次来北京的那天 规则 当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时 即使先行词是表示时间 地点和原因的词仍用which that isthisthereason that heexplainedforhisrudenessatthemeeting 这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗 规则 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词 如 point situation case stage等 如果引导词在从句中作状语 常用关系副词where引导定语从句 如果不作状语 则用关系代词that which theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother 他们已经到了彼此必须分手的地步 考点四 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从句规则 若介词放在关系代词之前 关系代词指人时常用whom 指物时常用which 另外 whose也可以放在介词后 即 介词 whose 名词 结构 tradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichthegreensaredevoted 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业 iwishtothankprofessorsmith withoutwhosehelpiwouldneverhavegotthisfar 我希望感谢史密斯教授 没有他的帮助 我永远不会走这么远 规则 复合介词短语 关系代词 引导的定语从句 常与先行词用逗号隔开 定语从句常用倒装语序 helivedinabighouse infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree 他住在一个大房子里 房子的前面有一棵大树 考点五as which引导的定语从句规则 as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句 意为 正如 正像 as引导的句子可放在句首 句末或句中 asweallknow smokingisbadforourhealth 众所周知 抽烟有害健康 规则 which引导非限制性定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于句末 意为 这 这一点 limingwaslate whichmademrzhangveryangry 李明迟到了 这让张老师很生气 规则 as常用在下列习惯用语中 as it oftenhappens asiremember asisoftenthecase asisexpected asisknowntous asisshown等 heshoutswhenhegetsangry asisoftenthecase 他生气时就大叫 这是常有的情形 1 误 alotoflanguagelearning whichhasbeendiscovered ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod 正 alotoflanguagelearning ashasbeendiscovered ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod 探究 本题考查非限制性定语从句 关系代词指整个一句话alotoflanguagelearningishappeninginthefirstyearoflife as用在句首 which用在句末 正确答案应该是as 正误探究 2 误 thetravelerswhoknewaboutthefloodstookanotherroad 正 thetravelers whoknewaboutthefloodstookanotherroad 探究 句意 旅客们知道道路被淹都改道走了 误句是限制性定语从句 意为 只有那些知道道路被淹的旅客改道走了 而那些不知道这一情况的旅客仍走现已被淹的道路 显然与原意不符 应改为非限制性定语从句 这样一来 对前面的名词没有起任何限制作用 务必注意限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在意思上的区别 而区别的关键就是逗号 易错点1定语从句与强调句的判断itwasinthesmallhouse wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather hespenthischildhood 误填where who答案which that 考查定语从句和强调句 句意 他是在他父亲用石头建造的那座小房子里度过了他的童年 前一空中which引导一个定语从句 修饰前面的house 后一空是一个强调句 判断句子是否为强调句 只要将强调句型中的itis was that who去掉句子意思完整 这就是强调句型 易错防范 点拨 定语从句和强调句糅合在一起考查 是对定语从句的一种考查方式 解决问题的关键是找准句子的主干意思 即找到强调句型的填充处 易错点2由分隔问题而导致的错误thedaysaregone physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving 误填that which答案when 句意 仅靠体力能谋生的时代一去不复返了 先行词为days 将其带入空格后的定语从句中可知该先行词作状语 表时间 相当于inwhich 故用关系副词when 点拨 分隔式定语从句的难点在于如何准确找到先行词 一旦找准先行词 确定关系代词或关系副词就很容易了 单句语法填空1 manyyoungpeople mostof werewell educated headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams 2 ilivenextdoortoacouple childrenoftenmakealotofnoise 3 scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears noneof hasbeenproved 4 wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek theweathermaybebetter 针对训练 5 chinatodayattractsaworldwidereadership showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutchina 6 untilnow wehaveraised50 000poundsforthepoorchildren isquiteunexpected 7 asthesmallestchildofhisfamily alexisalwayslongingforthetime heshouldbeabletobeindependent 8 pleasesendusalltheinformation youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition 9 someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon schooleducationdepends 10 thenumberofsmokers isreported hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear 答案1 whom2 whose3 which4 when5 which6 which7 when8 that9 which10 as 单句改错 每句仅1处错误 1 travellingabroad youshouldfollowthecustomsofthecountrywhereyouarevisiting 2 iwillneverforgetthedayonthatwewenttobuyguitarsintheguitarstore 3 thecouplewillflytofrancefortheirhoneymoonontheirfirststop whichtheyplantostayforthreedays 4 thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous 5 iwillneverforgetthedaywhenispentinthecountryside 6 wealllikeourenglishteacher fromhimwehavelearnedalot 7 betweenthelecturesis20minutes break wherethestudentscangetrelaxed 8 herperformancesonthestagewereperfect thatmadealotofpeopleadmireher 9 playingbasketballisasportthatworkingasateammattersmore 10 therearethreepeopleinmyfamilyandi mtheonlyonechild whoisverycommoninchinesefamilies 答案1 去掉where或where which that2 that which3 which where或which前加in4 which that5 when that which6 him whom7 where when8 that which9 that where10 who which 语篇填空 用适当的关系词填空 doyouknowtheman 1 wrotethisbook hewasjason oneoftheengineers 2 camefromrussiainthe1950s heworkedinthesamefactory 3 myfatheronceworked whenhecametochina thefirstthing 4 hedidwastovisitthefactory 5 didresearchontrolleybusesandfoundoutthe