高中英语 unit1 A land of diversity单元检测题 新人教版选修8.doc

unit1 a land of diversity.阅读理解aamerican culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions. the major factors contributing to the making of this flew nation and the forming of a new culture are the hard environment, ethnic diversity (多民族) and plural religion, which is quite different from other nations in the world. what is more, these elements are still influencing the american culture.the early immigrants who were english puritans settled down in northeast part of america. from 1607 to 1892, frontiers were pushed further west. the frontiersmen looked for a land of rich resources and a land of promise, opportunity and freedom. actually they looked for a better life. so individualism (个人主义), selfreliance, and equality of opportunity have perhaps been the values most closely associated with the frontier heritage (遗产) of america.in history, people from different countries in the world rushed to america three times. they brought their own culture to america and later on, different cultures were mixed together. thus the unique american culture is formed, a common cultural life with commonly shared values.the fundamental american belief in individual freedom and the fight of individuals to practice their own religion is at the center of religious experience in the united states. the great diversity of ethnic backgrounds has produced religious pluralism; almost all of the religions of the world are now practiced in the united states.nowadays, we can see the continual influence of the three elements in the current american society. american family is typically parents and their unmarried children. middleaged and elderly people generally do not live with their married children. the people in america have a very strong desire to start a new life in a new place. quite a number of people change residences every year. the average american moves fourteen times in his lifetime.语篇解读：这是一篇议论兼说明的文章，向我们说明了美国历史上独特文化形成的原因。1we can learn from this article that _.athe frontiersmen left important society values for american culturebthe early immigrants brought about the unique american culturecpeople in the world once rushed to america because of its unique culturedthe american family members dont get along well with each other解析：选a细节理解题。由第二段的叙述尤其是最后一句可知，美国的早期移民为美国文化留下了包括“individualism (个人主义), selfreliance, and equality of opportunity”在内的社会价值观(society values)。故选a。2whats the authors attitude towards american culture?ahe is critical of it.bhe admires it very much.che just states the facts.dhe looks down upon it.解析：选c作者态度题。纵观全文可以看出，作者只是客观地叙述了美国独特的文化形成的原因、背景，以及当今影响美国文化的三大因素等，并没有对此作出评论，故选c。3the last paragraph is about _.athe family structure in american societybthe influence of the three elements in the current american societycthe new life style of american familydthe reason why american people like to change residences解析：选b段落大意题。在该段中，第一句是该段的中心句，全段围绕该句向我们介绍了影响当今美国社会的三大因素。故选b。4what might be the most suitable title of this article?athe immigrants in americabwhy american culture is uniquecthe influence of american culturedplural religion and american culture解析：选b主旨大意题。纵观全文可以看出，文章开篇点题，第一句告诉了文章的主题：american culture is unique because it is formed and developed under certain conditions.然后全文围绕这一主题展开论述，向我们讲述美国独特文化形成的原因。故选b。bthe usa just endured its hottest summer in 75 years and the secondhottest summer on record, according to data released thursday afternoon by the national climatic data center in asheville, nc.the average us temperature during the summer of 2011 was 74.5 degrees, which was 2.4 degrees above the longterm (19012000) average. only the dust bowl (沙尘暴) year of 1936, at 74.6 degrees, was warmer.four states texas, oklahoma, new mexico and louisiana had their warmest summer ever recorded, the climate center also reported.blog: report links extreme weather events to global warming.average temperatures for the summer in texas and oklahoma, at 86.8 degrees and 86.5 degrees, respectively, exceeded the previous statewide average temperature record for any state during any season.texas also suffered through its driest summer on record. the state is in the midst of its worst drought since the 1950s. more than 81% of the state is listed as experiencing extreme drought, the worst category, according to thursdays us drought monitor.the drought monitor also reported that a third of the contiguous usa is currently in a drought.a total of 15 states in the south and east sweltered (闷热) through one of their top 10 warmest summers on record.“based on a government index using residential energy demand as an indicator of temperature，” the contiguous us temperature related energy demand was 22.3% above average during summer, the climate center noted in an online report. “this is the largest such value during the indexs period of record, which dates to 1895.”on the other side, two states oregon and washington had a cooler than average summer, while california had its wettest summer on record.us climate data go back to 1895. the climate center defines summer as june 1aug. 31. it will release global temperature data for the summer of 2011 next week.语篇解读：文章对美国2011年夏天的气候进行了报道，是75年来最热的夏天，也是历史以来第二次最热的夏天。5which of the following statements is true?athe weather in the summer of 1936 was cooler than this summer in the usa.bthe weather in the usa this summer is the secondhottest one on record.cthe average us temperature during the summer of 2011 is below the longterm (19012000) average.dthe extreme weather has nothing to do with global warming.解析：选b细节理解题。从文章第一段的“the usa just endured its hottest summer in 75 years and the secondhottest summer on record”看出答案。6what does the underlined word mean in the fifth paragraph?aless than. bquicker than.cmore than. dbetter than.解析：选c词义猜测题。根据第二段的“the average us temperature during the summer of 2011 was 74.5 degrees”和第五段的“average temperatures for the summer in texas and oklahoma, at 86.8 degrees and 86.5 degrees”看出答案。7how many warmest summers on record have a total of 15 states in the south and east sweltered through?aone beleven.cnine dten.解析：选d细节理解题。从文章第八段的“a total of 15 states in the south and east sweltered (闷热) through one of their top 10 warmest summers on record.”看出答案。8whats the main idea of the passage?asomething about the weather in the usa this summer.bit is the hottest summer in the usa on record.cglobal warming influencing on the weather in the usa.dit is the driest summer in the usa this summer.解析：选a主旨大意题。文章的第一段“the usa just endured its hottest summer in 75 years and the secondhottest summer on record”点出主题。cthe american education system is unusual in that it allows students to transfer from one school to another.deciding to transfer is a very important decision to make during your college career. if you are thinking about transferring, here is some information you should have to get started on the progress.the most common reasons for transferring are：1moving from a twoyear community college to a fouryear college/universitycommunity colleges are designed to be transfer schools and offer only the first two years of undergraduate (本科) study. their graduates often go on to do the last two years of a bachelors degree at another school. many students choose such an approach to their university education. community college tuition is low, though many community colleges offer great educations.2getting into a better schoolfor those students who want a second try at their dream schools or for those who simply want to trade up, transferring after their freshman or sophomore (二年级) year might be an option (选择). its much easier to get into selective schools as a sophomore/junior than as a freshman.3majorsgiven that us schools generally only require students to declare their majors in their sophomore year, sometimes students do not realize their preferred majors are unavailable at their schools until theyve attended classes for a full year. students transferring for this reason are best advised to research which schools are highly respected in their preferred majors before making their transfer choice.keep in mind that some credits (学分) may not be transferable. if you are transferring from a twoyear school to a fouryear school, you may be required to retake course that you have already completed at the community college.furthermore, some schools require you to complete a minimum number of credits at your new school before you can graduate (usually 60 credits or two years of coursework). this may delay your graduation date.语篇解读：全文介绍了在美国上大学期间可以转学，不过要深思熟虑。9why is the american education system special?abecause it permits students to change from one school to another.bbecause it provides high education.cbecause its tuition is low.dbecause college only takes two years time.解析：选a细节理解题。从文章的第一段“the american education system is unusual in that it allows students to transfer from one school to another.”找到答案。10which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?acommunity college tuition is not high.bits not hard to get into selective schools as a sophomore than as a freshman.cstudents had known their preferred majors are available at their schools before they attended classes.dsome schools ask you to complete a minimum number of credits at your new school before you can graduate.解析：选c细节理解题。从文章的第四段的“community college tuition is low”可找到a项；从文章的第五段的“its much easier to get into selective schools as a sophomore/junior than as a freshman.”可找到b项；从文章的第六段的“students do not realize their preferred majors are unavailable at their schools until theyve attended classes for a full year”看出c项不正确；根据文章最后一段可知d项正确。11what does the last paragraph mean?asome credits may not be transferable.bsome credits may be transferable.cwhen you go to a new school, you neednt retake course.dif you transfer, your graduate date may be delayed.解析：选a主旨大意题。“keep in mind that some credits (学分) may not be transferable.”是这一段的主题句。12whats the main idea of the passage?athe tips of transferring.bthink hard before you change schools.cthe american education system.ddeciding to transfer is very important during your college career.解析：选b主旨大意题。全文在说在美国上大学期间可以转学，不过要深思熟虑。故选b项。dneil kerwin became american universitys (au) 14th president in september 2007. kerwin joined au in 1975 and has held numerous department and leadership positions, including head of the school of public affairs. in this interview, he speaks about developing leadership among au students and inspiring them to public service and the lessons he has learned as the president of american university.“the longer i do this kind of work, the clearer it is to me that leadership is a collective activity. this happens here at american university hundreds of times every day at every level of the doing and managing hard work to reach those goals. simply, leadership cannot be the field or responsibility of one person or a small group at the top. at its best, it is up to the organization.”“a presidents role is to make that clear, ensure it happens, and provide space, ideas, encouragement and acknowledgment of accomplishments. vision (有远见卓识) is important, but one that colleagues have not contributed to or are not widely shared will not serve the purpose. i have also learned delegation (授权) is also important to success and that it is a process of constant adjustment, not a single act. no one is perfect in the work we do, and by recognizing this, youre developing a healthy culture that supports reform. and, of course, none of this relieves the president of most responsibility for the institution, and the need to be clearly and visibly accountable.”“another lesson is that crises (危机) assume a life of their own. they are a great time to learn and a bad time to plan. it is when times are good and stable that you need to examine the things that are of the greatest risk to your organization in the long term. as a leader, you must be able to provide the energy and motivation among your employees to ask these difficult questions, because difficult times will come.”语篇解读：这是一篇说明文。neil kerwin作为美国大学的校长在采访中谈到了他对领导力的理解以及他在担任校长期间所获得的教训。13according to neil kerwin, leadership mainly depends on _.athe president himselfbstudents in the universitycsmall group at the topdthe organization itself解析：选d细节理解题。 根据第二段的“at its best, it is up to the organization.”可知领导力是依靠于它组织本身。14in the third paragraph, “it” means _.athe management bthe leadershipcthe responsibility dthe institution解析：选b指代判断题。 因为在第二段校长就提到的领导能力的问题，在根据第三段的“a presidents role is to make that clear”可知此处的“it”指的是“领导能力”。15what does the passage mainly tell us about?athe lessons neil learned in university.bthe difficulty neil has in his office.cneils opinion on leadership.dneils motivation and organization.解析：选c主旨大意题。 文章主要介绍了美国大学的校长neil kerwin在采访中谈到了他对领导力的理解以及他在担任校长期间所获得的教训。故选c。.任务型阅读life in ancient romecity and country liferoman cities were very modern places, the center of which was a large open space surrounded by markets, baths, arenas (竞技场) and other public buildings. life in the countryside was more relaxed. _16_ they usually planted crops and raised animals, but sometimes they also fought in the army.the roman familyhead of the roman family was the oldest male. he controlled the whole household and had absolute power over all the members of his family. in the upper classes, slaves and servants also lived with a family. _17_ many rich romans arranged marriages for their children so they could stay in the higher classes and keep their influence and power._18_citizens of rome wore a tunic, a piece of loose clothing that fell down to the knees. on special occasions they were allowed to wear a toga, a beautiful piece of white clothing that was wrapped (缠绕) around their body. women wore tunics and later on stolas, which reached down to their feet. and they even experimented in dyeing (染色) their hair.leisure (休闲) time bath houses were the center of roman leisure life. men and women often got together in separate bath houses. _19_ people of all social classes got together in such public bath houses. going to a bath was a symbol of being purer and better than others.educationduring the early centuries of ancient rome children were mostly taught at home by their parents. fathers taught their sons how to read and write. _20_ later on, rich romans started sending their children to school. there they learned to read, write and solve mathematical problems.adressing stylesbfood and clothescromans often married for political reasons.dthe population was mainly made up of farmers.emothers showed their daughters how to do housework.folder students studied greek language, literature and even politics.gthere they could relax, exercise, get massages and have a chat.答案：1620dca ge.完形填空i used to believe in the american dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭), credit cards, success.i wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us _21_ chasing the same thing.one year, through a series of unhappy events, it all fell _22_.i found myself homeless and alone.i had my truck and $56.i _23_ the countryside for some place i could rent for the _24_ possible amount.i came upon a shabby house four miles up a winding mountain road _25_ the potomac river in west virginia.it was _26_， full of broken glass and rubbish.i found the owner, rented it, and _27_ a corner to camp in.the locals knew nothing about me, _28_ slowly, they started teaching me the _29_ of being a neighbor.they dropped off blankets, candles, and tools, and began _30_ around to chat.they started to teach me a belief in a _31_ american dreamnot the one of individual achievement but of _32_.what i had believed in, all those things i thought were _33_ for a civilized life, were nonexistent in this place._34_ on the mountain, my most valuable possessions were my _35_ with my neighbors.four years later, i moved back into _36_.i saw many people were having a really hard time, _37_ their jobs and homes.i managed to rent a big enough house to _38_ a handful of people.there are four of us now in the house, but over time ive had nine people come in and move on to other places.wed all be in _39_ if we hadnt banded together.the american dream i believe in now is a shared one.its not so much about what i can get for myself; its about _40_ we can all get by together.语篇解读：每个人都有自己的梦想，作者通过亲身经历认识到自己心中的美国梦不应该是孤立的、自私的一己之梦，而是建立在大家一起努力的集体力量之上的共同的梦。21a.separately bequallycviolently dnaturally解析：选a根据第三段中的“individual”可知应选separately，表示每个人都在各自追求同样的事情。22a.off bapartcover dout解析：选b根据本段内容可知，作者的梦想破碎了。fall apart表示“破裂；破碎”，符合语境。fall over“被绊倒”；fall off“减少；下降”；fall out“争吵；掉落、脱落；解散”。23a.crossed bleftctoured dsearched解析：选dsearch . for .表示“在寻找”，符合语境。24a.fullest blargestcfairest dcheapest解析：选d根据上文内容可知，作者身上只剩下56美元，因此他会租最便宜的房子。25a.at bthroughcover dround解析：选c蜿蜒的山路应该是在河的对岸，故此处用介词over。26a.occupied babandonedcemptied drobbed解析：选b根据句中对房子的描写可知它已经好久没有人住了，因此选abandoned“废弃的”。27a.turned bapproachedccleared dcut解析：选c因为房子里到处都是碎玻璃和垃圾，因此作者清理了一个角落安身。clear“清除；清理”，符合语境。28a.but balthoughcotherwise dfor解析：选a当地人一点儿都不了解作者，但是渐渐地他们开始教作者做邻居的技巧。空处前后为转折关系，因此选but。29a.benefit blessoncnature dart解析：选d根据文章后面的内容可知，作者从邻居那儿学到了做邻居的技巧，因此选d。30a.sticking blookingcswinging dturning解析：选astick around表示“逗留”，符合语境。31a.wild brealcdifferent dremote解析：选c根据句中破折号后面