人教版英语八年级上册第二单元短语语法知识点总结.doc

FpgUnit 2 How often do you exercise?一、片語、短語：Fpg01、help with housework 幫助做家務活，02、go shopping 購物，03、on weekends 在週末， 04、how often 多久一次，05、hardly ever幾乎不，06、once a week 每週一次，07、twice a month每月二次，08、go to the movies去看電影， 09、every day 每天， 10、use the Internet上網/用網，11、be free有空，12、have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈鋼琴課 ，13、swing dance搖擺舞 14、play tennis 打網球， 15、stay up late熬夜，16、at least至少， 17、go to bed early 早睡， 18、 play sports 鍛煉身體，19、be good for 對有好處，20、go camping去野營，21、in ones free time 在某人空閒時間，22、not.at all 根本不， 23、the most popular 最流行， 24、such as例如， 25、go to the dentist去看牙醫，26、more than 超過/多於，27、Old habits die hard.舊習慣難改。 28、 hard=difficult 困難 ， 29、less than 少於/不到二、重要句子（語法）：What do you usually do on weekends?你週末通常做什麼？ I always exercise.總是鍛煉身體。What do they do on weekends?他們週末幹什麼？ They often help with housework.他們經常幫助幹家務活。What does she do on weekends? 她週末幹什麼？ She sometimes goes shopping.她有時購物。How often do you go to the movies? 你多久看電影一次？ I go to the movies maybe once a month.可能一個月看一次。How often does he watch TV? 他多久看電視一次？ He hardly ever watches TV.他幾乎不看電視。Do you go shopping? 你購物嗎？ No, I never go shopping.不，我從來就不購物。三、習慣用法、搭配01. help sb. with sth 幫助某人做某事 02. How about? =What about? .怎麼樣？03. want sb. to do sth. 想讓某人做某事 04. How many + 可數名詞複數+ 一般疑問句 有多少05. 主語+ find+ that 從句 發現 06. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.07. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度過時光 08. ask sb. about sth. 向某人詢問某事09. by doing sth. 通過做某事 10. Whats your favorite.? 你最喜歡是什麼？11 start doing sth. 開始做某事 12. the best way to do sth. 做某事最好方式四、詞語辨析Section A1. help with housework 幫助做家務 （教材第9頁）（1） help with sth. 意為“幫助做某事”拓展：help sb. with sth.= help sb. （to） do sth. 幫助某人做某事Eg: I often help him with his English.= I often help him (to) learn English. 我經常幫他學習英語。（2）housework 意為“家務勞動”。不可數名詞。1. They have housework to do.A. many B. much2. sometimes 有時（教材第9頁）辨析：sometimes ，some times ，sometime ， some timesometimes 有時候。=at times也是“有時”意思。提問用how oftensome times 幾次。time作可數名詞時可作“次數”解；表示“時間”時是不可數名詞。How mang timessometime 某個時候。可指過去或將來某個時候。提問用whensome time 一段時間。常與for連用。對它提問用how long 。口訣記憶：分開“一段時間” ；相聚“某個時候”。Eg：Sometimes I get up very late. 有時我起床很晚。I will go to shanghai sometime next week. 下周某個時候我要去上海。He reads the story some times. 他讀這個故事幾遍了。Ill stay here for some time. 我將會在這兒呆一段時間。練習： We plan to stay in Hainan for . 我們打算在海南呆一段時間。 I am sure that we have met before. 我肯定我們之前見過幾次了。 I have letters from him. 有時我會收到他來信。3. hardly ever 幾乎不 （教材第9頁）hardly ever相當於hardly eg：There is hardly any food left. 幾乎沒有食物剩下。辨析：hardly 與hardhardly 幾乎不，一般位於動詞之前。 hard 努力，位於動詞之後。eg：He hardly works. 他幾乎不工作。 He works hard. 他工作努力。4. use the Internet 用互聯網（教材第10頁）use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事eg：I use a knife to cut bread. 我用刀切面包。短語：on the Internet 在網上 ， surf the Internet 網上衝浪，上網5. Whats your favorite program？ 你最喜歡節目是什麼？（教材第10頁）句型：Whats your favorite.?=What. do you like best？你最喜歡.是什麼？1.Whats your favorite animal？你最喜歡動物是什麼？= _6. Are you free next week？ 你下周有空嗎？（教材第10頁）free 意為“空閒，有空”，反義詞busy。 be free 意為“閑著，有空”eg:：He is free now.他現在有空。拓展：free還可譯為“免費”Eg：The tickets are free. 票是免費。7. . next week is quite full for me. 下周對我來說相當忙 （教材第10頁）quite full 很忙，相當忙.拓展：full 還可譯為“滿，充滿”。Eg：The bus was full when they got there. 翻譯_full 還可譯為“飽”。Eg：I cant eat any more，I am quite full. 我不能再吃了，我相當飽了。8. How come? 怎麼會？ 怎麼回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有點想不通；可單獨使用，也可引導一個問句， 相當於疑問句 why, 但 how come 開頭特殊疑問句使用仍然是陳述語序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?9. I have dance and piano lessons. 我要上舞蹈課和英語課。（教材第10頁）have 在此意為“上課”。Eg: Theyre having an English lesson. 他們正在上英語課。擴展：have lessons 上課 ， Lesson One 第一課10. Well ，how about Tuesday？ 哦，那週二呢？（教材第10頁）How about.? (=What about.?) 意為“怎麼樣？”，用來徵求對方意見。Eg: How about this book? 這本書怎樣？How / What about doing sth. .? 做怎麼樣？Eg：-What will we do on Sunday？ 星期天我們什麼？-How about visiting the museum？ 去參觀博物館咋樣？1. Its sunny today，What about _（play）tennis？11. I go to the movies maybe once a month. 我大概每月去看一次電影。（教材第11頁）go to the movies _maybe 意為“也許，大概，可能”，常位於句首。Eg：Maybe he knows Tom. 也許他認識Tom。辨析：maybe 和may bemaybe “也許，大概，可能”。（一般放句首）Maybe you are right. 也許你是對。may be “可能是，也許是”。 為“情態動詞+be動詞”結構。（位於句中）You may be right. 你也許是對。 Lily an English teacher. Lily可能是一名英語老師。=_12. He plays at least twice a week. 他至少每週踢兩次（球）。（教材第11頁）at least 意為“至少”。其反義詞為at most “最多”。Eg：There are at least 1,500 students in our school. _。Section B1. But my mother wants me to drink it. 但我媽媽想讓我喝它。（教材第12頁）want sb. to do sth. 意為“想讓某人做某事”，否定形式為want sb. not to do sth. 意為“不想讓某人做某事”。Eg：She wants me to bring him some pens. 她想讓我給她帶些鋼筆。拓展：1.want sth. 想要某物Do you want any story books？你想要些故事書嗎？2.want to do sth. 想要做某事I want to visit my uncle. 我想去看望我叔叔。Do you want （tell）me anything？2. She says its good for my health. 她說它對我健康有好處。（教材第12頁）be good for 意為“對有益”。反義詞為be bad for “對有害”。Eg: Vegetables are good for you. 蔬菜對你有好處。拓展：be good at 擅長. be good at doing sth. 擅長做.1.I am good at （play）basketball.3. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. 上個月我們向學生詢問了他們業餘活動情況。（教材第12頁）ask sb. about sth. “詢問某人關於某事”Eg:I asked my teacher about todays homework. _。4. Here are the results. 這是（調查）結果。（教材第13頁）here 位於句首，句子要倒裝。當主語是名詞性短語時，要用全倒裝，即“here +謂語+主語”； 當主語是人稱代詞時，要用半倒裝，即“here+ 主語+謂語”。Eg：Here is your jacket. 這是你夾克。Here he comes. 他來到這兒。Here comes the bus. 汽車來了。5.twenty percent students dont exercise at all. 百分之20學生根本不鍛煉。（教材第13頁）. 百分數由percent來表示，構成：基數詞+percent 。Eg：Seventy percent of the boys like playing computer games. 男生中70%喜歡完電腦遊戲。 not. at all 意為“一點兒也不，根本不”。Eg：I dont know about it at all. 對那件事我一點也不知道。拓展：not at all = you are welcome 意為“不用謝，不客氣”。Eg：-Thank you for your help. -Not at all.6. Although many students like to watch sports，game shows are the most popular. 儘管許多學生喜歡看運動類節目，但遊戲類節目是最受歡迎。（教材第13頁）although 連詞。意為“雖然，儘管”。but 意為“但是”。英語中，although與but不能同時使用。Eg：Although it rained，the boys still played outside.= It rained，but the boys still played outside. 儘管天下雨了，但男孩們仍在外面玩耍。1. My cousin knows a lot about geography， he is only four years old.A. because B. so C. although7. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows. 通過上網或看遊戲類節目是很好放鬆方式。（教材第13頁）句中it 為形式主語，真正主語是後面動詞不定式短語。此句型結構為：Its+adj+（for sb.）+to do sth. 意為 “（對某人來說）做某事是”。Eg：Its very important to listen carefully in class. 上課認真聽講很重要。Its easy for us to swim. 對我們來說游泳很容易。Its very hard for him to study English. _-I often have hamburgers for unch.-Youd better not. Its bad for you too much junk food.A.eat B.to eat C.eating D. ate8.Exercise such as playing sports is fun，and you can spend time with your friends and family asyou play together. 比如進行體育活動這方面鍛煉就是有趣，當你們一起運動時候你可以和朋友、家人一起度過時光。（教材第13頁）such as 意為“比如，例如”。Eg: I have a lot of hobbies, such as reading and singing. 我有許多愛好，比如讀書和唱歌。spend 意為“度過” 或“花費（時間、金錢）”。Eg: Come and spend the weekend with us. 來和我們一起度過週末吧。重點： spend timemoney on sth. 在.上花費時間或金錢He didnt spend much time on his homework. 他沒在作業方面花很多時間。I spend 200 yuan on a new coat. _ spend timemoney （in） doing sth. 花費時間或金錢做某事Dont spend too much time watching TV. 不要花費太多時間看電視。He always spend his time playing football. _Eg: I enjoy playing computer games,but I cant too much time that.A.take, doing B.spend, doing C.spend, for doing D.take, to do9. However,she has some bad habits,too. 然而她也有一些壞習慣。（教材第15頁）however 意為“然而，不過”。可以位於句首、句中、句末。但要用逗號與句子其他部分隔開。Eg: She was ill. However, she still went to work. 她病了，然而她依然去上班。辨析：but和howeverbut 並列連詞 “然而，但是”。 可直接連接前後兩個句子，表轉折關係。However 副詞 “然而，但是”。 不能直接連接句子，必須用逗號與句子隔開。Eg:1.It began to rain, ,we went out to look for the boy. 天開始下雨了，但我們還是出去尋找那個男孩了。2. It a sunny morning， very cold. 這是個晴朗早晨，但是卻很冷。10.She usually watches TV for more than two hours a day. 她通常每天看兩個多小時電視。（教材第15頁）more than 相當於over。意為“超過，多餘”。There are more than 2000 books. _11. She says she is afraid. 她說她害怕。（教材第15頁）afraid 意為“擔心，害怕”。.be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 Eg：I am afraid to travel by plane. 我害怕乘飛機旅行。.be afraid of sb. sth. 害怕某人某物be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 Eg：She is afraid of the dog. 她害怕那只狗。Dont be afraid of asking questions. 不要怕