教育业常用词汇.docx

FTP是英文File Transfer Protocol(文件传输协议)的缩写。顾名思义，FTP就是专门用来传输文件的协议，也就是说通过FTP我们可以在Internet网上的任意两台计算机间互传文件。 什么是FTP呢？FTP 是 TCP/IP 协议组中的协议之一，是英文File Transfer Protocol的缩写。该协议是Internet文件传送的基础，它由一系列规格说明文档组成，目标是提高文件的共享性，提供非直接使用远程计算机，使存储介质对用户透明和可靠高效地传送数据。简单的说，FTP就是完成两台计算机之间的拷贝，从远程计算机拷贝文件至自己的计算机上，称之为“下载（download）”文件。若将文件从自己计算机中拷贝至远程计算机上，则称之为“上载（upload）”文件。在TCP/IP协议中，FTP标准命令TCP端口号为21，Port方式数据端口为20。FTP协议的任务是从一台计算机将文件传送到另一台计算机，它与这两台计算机所处的位置、联接的方式、甚至是是否使用相同的操作系统无关。假设两台计算机通过ftp协议对话，并且能访问Internet， 你可以用ftp命令来传输文件。每种操作系统使用上有某一些细微差别，但是每种协议基本的命令结构是相同的。 FTP的传输有两种方式：ASCII传输模式和二进制数据传输模式。 1ASCII传输方式：假定用户正在拷贝的文件包含的简单ASCII码文本，如果在远程机器上运行的不是UNIX，当文件传输时ftp通常会自动地调整文件的内容以便于把文件解释成另外那台计算机存储文本文件的格式。 但是常常有这样的情况，用户正在传输的文件包含的不是文本文件，它们可能是程序，数据库，字处理文件或者压缩文件（尽管字处理文件包含的大部分是文本，其中也包含有指示页尺寸，字库等信息的非打印字符）。在拷贝任何非文本文件之前，用binary 命令告诉ftp逐字拷贝，不要对这些文件进行处理，这也是下面要讲的二进制传输。 2二进制传输模式：在二进制传输中，保存文件的位序，以便原始和拷贝的是逐位一一对应的。即使目的地机器上包含位序列的文件是没意义的。例如，macintosh以二进制方式传送可执行文件到Windows系统，在对方系统上，此文件不能执行。 如果你在ASCII方式下传输二进制文件，即使不需要也仍会转译。这会使传输稍微变慢 ，也会损坏数据，使文件变得不能用。（在大多数计算机上，ASCII方式一般假设每一字符的第一有效位无意义，因为ASCII字符组合不使用它。如果你传输二进制文件，所有的位都是重要的。）如果你知道这两台机器是同样的，则二进制方式对文本文件和数据文件都是有效的。教育业常用词汇教育业常用词汇-行政学校改制institution status change一般型计画general project一般教育补助general educational subsidy人力资本human capital人口基本资料库demographic database人才培育human resource development入学考试entrance examination入学资格admission requirement十二年国民义务教育twelve-year compulsory education大专校院institutes of higher education大学分部branch campus大学法University Law大学评鉴university evaluation工作小组task-force工作坊workshop工作执行小组executing group工读part time job for study中小学elementary and secondary school中长程校务发展计画middle and long range school development plan中华文化奖学金Chinese Culture Scholarship内部评鉴internal evaluation公费待遇government sponsorship公费留学考试公费留考the examination of government sponsorship for overseas study公费留学奖学金the scholarship of government sponsorship for overseas study公费奖学金government sponsorship scholarship分发admission by placement升等promotion升学考试优待the affirmative action of entrance examination文教交流culture and education exchange牙医学系department of dentistry主管教育行政机关education administration authority代表著作representative writings外国学生foreign student外部评鉴external evaluation外籍英语教师foreign English teacher外籍配偶子女教育program for children with foreign parent外籍学生foreign student失学离校quit of schooling幼托整合integrating kindergartens and nursery schools幼儿教育early childhood education幼稚园kindergarten正规学制时间the time of formal school system民族教育权indigenous educational right民族学院tribal college民间非营利文教团体nonprofit of organization of culture and education民间团体non-governmental organizationNGO申诉grievance申请入学admission by application白皮书White Paper休学suspension of schooling任教未中断证明teaching continuity document全民英语能力分级检定测验General English Proficiency Test全国教师会national teachers association同等学力an equivalent education level各级政府教育经费应分担数额share of educational expenditure among governments各国学制school system of different countries名誉博士；荣誉博士honorary doctorate合格师资certify teacher地方教育发展基金regional education development found地方教育审议委员会直辖市及县市Local Education Committee地方教师会local teachers association在职专班in-service education program在职进修in-service training多元入学方案multiple entrance program多元文化multiculture安全守则safety rules安全校园空间secure campus space年资起计beginning seniority date成绩考查performance evaluation成绩考核performance evaluation成绩单transcript成绩优异提前毕业early graduation base on academic excellence扣减奖补助款subsidy deduction老人教育education for the elderly考招分离the separation of examination and enrollment system考试分发入学admission via examination and placement考试委员会examining committee自我评鉴self-evaluation自愿性退学voluntary withdrawal from school自筹经费self-help fundraising行政院教育经费基准委员会Educational Funding Committee, Executive Yuan行政业务电脑化computerization of administration住宿生boarder助教teaching assistant助理教授assistant professor助学金grant完全中学six-year high school技专校院vocational and technological college and university技术研发technology research and development = R&D技术学院technical college技职校院university of technology技职教育technical and vocational education技职体系technical and vocational education system私立学校兴学establishment of private schools系所总量total amount of departments and graduate schools防灾教育白皮书White Paper on Education Disaster Prevention事故伤害防制accident injury prevention system来台留学foreign student study in Taiwan函授课程correspondence course受教权right to education姐妹校sister school性别平等教育gender equity education性教育sex education招生委员会student recruitment committee招生策进总会enrollment promoting association知识青年士兵educated young soldier知识管理knowledge management, KM社区大学community college社区化communization; integrating with local community社区学院community college社教工作站workstation of social education社会教育social education社会艺术教育art education for general public初审first review初检first stage certification非正规教育informal education非正规学制时间non-school days保防教育public security education保留入学资格retainment of student status后期中等教育upper secondary education指定科目考试assigned-subject test指导委员会advisory committee查证程序verification procedure研究生学位考试final oral examination graduate degree; viva 英研讨会大型conference研讨会小型seminar研习会workshop科技大学university of technology科学教育science education计画专案project降低国民中小学班级学生人数decreasing of class size个人申请individual application修业study修业时间study period修业期限study period修业期限study period修业期满completion study period修学旅行travel for study修读taking courses兼任教师part-time teacher原住民中小学elementary and secondary school of aboriginal原住民民族教育aboriginal education原住民民族教育资源教室resources classroom for aboriginal education原住民民族教育审议委员会committee for aboriginal education原住民地区学校schools of aboriginal areas原住民推广教育机构institute for promoting aboriginal education原住民教育法Aboriginal Education Law原住民教育班aboriginal education class原住民聚居地区aboriginal inhabited area员额staff number家长参与教育事务parental right for school involvement家长参与学校事务权利right for parents involvement in schools差别待遇discrimination treatment师资培育teacher education师资培育法Teacher Education Law师资培育审议委员会The Advisory Committee of Teacher Education校外实习off-campus internship校长学院National College for School Leadership英校长联席会议convention of school principals校务行政化electronic-based school administration校务发展基金school development fund校务评鉴school evaluation校务会议university assembly校园因天然灾害受损复建补助事项subsidy for school rehabilitation due to natural disaster校园设施整建school facility remodel; school facility refurbishment 英校园设备；学校设备school equipment校园环境设施school-environmental facilities校际合作交流cooperation and exchange programs between schools校际选课inter-collegiate course taking校护school nurses海外台北学校overseas Taipei school海外研修overseas training海外留学overseas study海外教育服务overseas education service海外游学overseas study tour海外联合招生joint overseas recruitment特定教育补助specific educational subsidy留游学服务业overseas study and study tour service留职停薪temporary leave without salary训辅工作school discipline and guidance训导工作school discipline追踪访视follow-up inspection追踪评鉴follow-up evaluation高中职general and vocational high school高中职社区化high school integrating with local community高级中学高中senior high school; high school高级职业学校高职vocational high school副教授associate professor副学士associate bachelor勒令退学expulsion参考名册reference list参考名册reference list参考著作reference writings国外大学overseas university国民中小学elementary and junior high school国民中学国中junior high school国民教育法Compulsory Education Law国家讲座national chair professorship; national chair professors国语文研习Chinese language study国际合作international cooperation国际研究生学程program of international graduate student国际学术合作international academic cooperation国际竞争力international competitiveness基本学力测验The Basic Academic Competence Test执行成效work effectiveness妇女教育women education专任教师full-time teacher专门著作academic work专科学校junior college专科学校法Junior College Law专案督导小组project supervision group专业自主权professional autonomy接受教育机会平等equal opportunity for education授课时数teaching hours采认recognition教孝月month of filial piety education教育中立原则educational neutralism教育行政化computer-based educational administration教育行政入口网educational administration portal site教育改革educational reform教育改革推动委员会Education Reform Council教育决策支援系统decision-making support system for education教育事务educational affairs教育促进方案education promoting program教育品质指标indicator of educational quality教育政策白皮书white paper on educational policy教育基本法Education Basic Law教育部公费生state financed student教育经费education budget教育经费分配审议委员会Educational Grants Committee, Ministry of Education教育经费计算基准educational funding formula教育经费基本需求basic needs for educational expenditure教育实验educational experimentation教育管理资讯系统educational management information system教育学程teacher education program教育优先区计画educational priority areas project教师工会teachers union教师申诉teacher grievances教师申诉评议委员会committee of teacher grievances教师专业自主权autonomy of teaching profession教师专业评鉴evaluation of teaching profession教师组织teachers organization教师评审委员会teacher evaluation committee教师会teachers association教师聘约teachers contract教师资格审查履历表teacher qualification resume教师证书teacher certificate教授professor教学设备经费instruction equipment budget; the budget for instruction equipment教学辅导教师mentor teacher清寒学生students under poverty line产学合作collaboration between industry and school毕业条件graduation requirement毕业应修学分数credits requirement for graduation统一入学测验中心joint-entrance examination center组织再造organization restructuring终身教育lifelong education规划委员会planning committee访问学者交换计划visiting scholar exchange program访视visiting设备标准the standard of school equipment径行修读directly to advanced study创造力国度Republic of Creativity = ROC创造力教育白皮书White Paper on Creative Education博士Doctor博士学位候选人Doctoral candidate博士学位Doctor degree媒体素养教育media literacy education就学贷款student loan暑期修课taking summer courses渡假打工计划tour and part-time work program减班class reduction登记分发入学admission by registration and placement发展指标development indicators童军教育scout education结业completion of schooling华裔学生overseas Chinese students华侨学校school of overseas Chinese华语文测验Chinese Proficiency Test著作审查review of academic work评鉴公告evaluation bulletin评鉴成果evaluation outcome评鉴标准evaluation standard criteria超支钟点费overtime pay进修教育further education进修学士班the bachelor program of extension education督导考核supervision and assessment经费分配budget allocation经费补助budget subsidy经费奖助budget rewards聘任recruitment肄业school noncompletion补习教育supplementary education资格检定certification资源中心resource center资源教室resource classroom游学团overseas study group预审preliminary review侨民教育overseas Chinese education侨生overseas Chinese students侨生及外籍生辅导室counseling and guidance center for overseas Chinese and foreign students侨生急难救助emergency assistance for overseas Chinese students侨生校外工作证the work permit of overseas Chinese students侨教政策policy of overseas Chinese education侨教团体organization of overseas Chinese education实习教师intern实验高级中学e