中考专题复习5--形容词、副词.doc

中考专题复习（五）形容词、副词课标中考考查要求：1. 熟练掌握形容词的作用与位置；2. 了解常用形容词的句型；3. 理解副词的分类、用法和构成；4. 常见副词的用法比较；5. 形容词和副词的分辨；6. 熟记形容词、副词比较等级的构成及用法。知识清单 ：1. 形容词的用法 1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）The fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语）2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything, somewhere等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。I have something important to tell you.3) 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词(冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、数词)描绘词(大小，长短，形状，新旧，长幼，颜色)出处材料性质类别名词。如：口诀：大小形状描述性，年龄颜色后跟定；产地材料和用途，先后顺序已排清口诀法：“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房” 注：“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类” 形容词；“圆”代表“形状类” 形容词；“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类” 形容词；“黄”代表“颜色类” 形容词；“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类” 形容词；“木”代表“物质、材料类形容词； “书”代表用途，类别形容词a small round table； a dirty old black shirt；a famous American medical school4) the形容词表示一类人或物 The rich should help the poor.5)形容词常用句型A. “Its +adj.+of+sb.+to do”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。Its very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)Its foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.) B.“Its +adj.+for+sb.+to do ”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.) 习题演练：1. I like_ Benz （奔驰) car. A. beautiful little old black his B. black his little old beautiful C. his beautiful black little D. his beautiful little black2. Last Sunday, he picked up a _ umbrella. A. black heavy steel Chinese B. black steel heavy Chinese. C. heavy black steel Chinese D. heavy black Chinese steel3.They bought their daughter _handbags as her birthday present .A. two Shanghai leather small black B. two leather small black ShanghaiC. two small black Shanghai leather D. two black small Shanghai leather4.The old lady goes to the _church every Sunday.A. pleasing old English B. old pleasing English C. English old pleasing D. pleasing English old5. -Which one of those girls is Jacks sister?-The one who is wearing _ skirt .A. a pretty white silk B. a white silk prettyC. a silk pretty white D. a pretty silk white 2. 副词的用法1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语。 He studies very hard. （作状语）When will you be back? （作表语）副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：A. 时间副词常见的时间副词有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always(频率)等。B. 地点副词常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。.C. 方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，常见的方式副词有：anxiously（不安的，焦虑的）, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。D. 程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly(部分地)等。E. 疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。2). 副词在句中的位置A. 多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr. Smith works very hard.B. 频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，助动词之后。例如：Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill.C. 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。例如：A rather difficult job.runs very fast; hard enough3). 部分常用副词的用法A. very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。Very用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而much用来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。例如：very nice/much better/ much more quicklyMuch可以修饰动词，而very则不能。例如：They did not talk much.B. also，too，as well与either 的区别肯定句中also，as well，too also常用于助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如:My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher, too.I cant speak French. Jenny cant speak French, either.C. already, yetalready一般用于语肯定句，和完成时连用，yet一般用于否定句。D. so, neither表示主语也是和上面句子的主语同样的情况： So +助动词+ 主语（肯定形式） Neither +助动词+ 主语(否定形式) 表示主语确实如此，真的是这样： So+主语+助动词 E. so与such的区别So+ adj./ adv. So + adj.+a/an +可数名词单数. So many/few flowers so little(表数量)/much breadSothat(引导结果状语)/so that( 引导目的状语) Such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数Such +adj.+不可数名词Such +adj.+可数名词复数All such possibilities, One such dictionary, some such cards, several such paintings, another such accident, many such people, no such book= not such a bookSuchthat(引导结果状语) F. sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别sometime：某一时间，某一时刻，将来时，过去时都可sometimes：有时，不时的some time：一段时间，for+ some time some times：几次，几倍例：Well have a test sometime next month. Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not. He stayed in Beijing for some time last year. I have been to Beijing some times. G. ago与before的区别ago常用于过去时before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。例如: I saw him ten minutes ago. He told me that he had seen the film before. H. now，just与just now的区别now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”just：与完成时连用，表示“刚”just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”We have just seen the film. 4).兼有两种形式的副词A. close与closely close意思是 近地； closely 意思是仔细地修饰动词He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. B. late 与latelyYou have come too late（晚）. What have you been doing lately?（最近） C.deep与deeplydeep意思是 深，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，深深地He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. D. high与highlyhigh表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. He spoke highly of your opinion. E. wide与widelywide表示空间宽度；widely意思是 广泛地，在许多地方He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. F. hard与hardlyhard的意思是“刻苦地”；hardly的意思是“几乎不”,表示否定He always works hard.I can hardly believe my eyes.G. near与nearlynear的意思是“靠近、接近”；nearly的意思是“将近，差不多”3. 形容词，副词的比较级、最高级 1) 比较等级的构成A规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttall(高的)tallertallest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数双音节词只加-r,-stnice(好的)nicernicest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig(大的)biggerbiggest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-esteasy(容易的)easiereasiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-estnarrow(窄的)narrowernarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，mostimportant(重要的)more importantmost importantB不规则变化good(好的) betterbest； well(健康的)betterbest；bad (坏的)worseworst； ill(有病的)worseworstold (老的)older/elderoldest/eldest；much/many(多的)moremost；little(少的)lessleast；far (远的) farther/further farthest/furthest2) 形容词，副词等级的用法原级的用法A. 只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，tootoo tired，quite goodB.原级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+动词+(倍数)+as+形容词、副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍” A is as good as B; （A和B一样好） A runs two times as fast as B（A跑步的速度是B的两倍） (2)“甲+动词+not+as/so+形容词、副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙A is not as/so good as B （A不如B那么好）A runs not as/so fast as B （A跑的没有B那么快）比较级的用法A. 可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far（的多），a little，a bit（一点儿），even（甚至），still（仍然）。B. 比较级常用的句型结构(1)“A+动词+(倍数)+形容词、副词比较级+than+B”表示“A比B”或“A比B几倍” A is better than B; A比B好A runs two times faster than B A跑步比B快2倍(2)“A+动词+形容词、副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)” “A最”。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.(3)“A+动词+the+形容词、副词比较级+of the two+”表示“A是两者中较的”。Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。He is getting taller and taller.The flowers are more and more beautiful.(5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，A or B？”Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，A or B？”Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？最高级常用句型结构(1)“主语+动词+ the+形容词、副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。Tom is the tallest boy in his class./of all the students.(2)“主语+be+ one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. (3)“特殊疑问词+动词+ the+最高级+A, B, or C？”Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？历年真题1. -How old is the baby? -He is _.A. six-months-old B. six-month-old C. six-month old D. six months old2. There is a smile on Miss Gaos face. She must be _ with Sams work. I think so. No one did as _ as him in our class.Aangry; wellBpleasing; goodCstrict; goodDpleased; well3 . -This dish tastes _. -Thank you. It _ by Mr. Smith.A. good, was cooked B. well, cooks C bad, is cooked D. terrible, cooked4 . The teacher looked at her students _when they were saved. We also felt _for them A. happily，happy B. happy，happily C. happy，happy D. happily，happily 5. -Travelling by plane is _than travelling by train.-Yes, but it is not so _as travelling by train.Aquickly, cheaper B. more quick, cheaplyC. quick, more cheap D. quicker, cheap6. -Mum, I think Im _to get back to school.-Not really, my dear. Youd better _at home for another day or two.A. so well, stay B. so good, to stay C. well enough, stay D. good enough, to stay 7. -The cake looks_ -Yes，and it tastes even_Awell，good B. nice，better Cgood, worse Dbetter, best8 . _ is your opinion on the film “Avatar”?Its amazing! I was _ moved.A. What, deep B. How, deep C. What, deeply D. How, deeply10. - You play the piano so well. _ do you have the piano lessons? - Once a week. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How much11 .-Excuse me, Sir. _ is it from here to Guangzhou?-Its about _ drive.A. How long, two hours B. How far, two hours C. How far, two-hour D. How long, two hour12.-_will you travel to Shanghai? -In a monthA. How far B. How often C. How soon D. How long13.- _ will she stay here?- For _.AHow soon; one hour and a halfBHow long; one and a half hoursCHow soon; one and half hoursDHow long; one hour and half 14. - 2008 is drawing near. Any changes in Beijing?- Yes, more stadiums are being built, and _ people are learning English.A. more and more B. the more and the more C. the more and more D. more and the more15 . -Germany will be _ popular with the visitors this year.-Why? -Because the 2006 World Cup soccer _ there. A. more, is hold B. much, is held C. more, is held D. much, is hold16 . -_ people are taking actions to protect the environment now.-Yes. _ of my classmates come to school by bike now.A. More and more, Four fifth B. Less and less, Four fifthC. More and more, Four fifthsD. Less and less, Four fifths17. - The doctor told me _ too much, but I find it difficult.- The doctor is right. The less you drink, _ you will be.Adont drink; the healthierBnot to drink; the healthierCnot to drink; the more healthierDdont drink; healthier形容词、副词热点考点：第1类：形容词和副词作为修饰语的判断第2类：形容词在句中的位置第3类：频度副词的位置和用法第4类：enough作修饰语时的位置 第5类：形容词或副词的原级比较第6类：形容词或副词比较级的基本结构第7类：形容词或副词比较级形式表示最高级意义第8类：形容词或副词比较级的修饰语1I saw you come to school by bus this morning. Oh, I _ come to school by bus, but it is raining today. A. hardlyB. always C. sometimes D. usually 2Taking buses in Beijing is _ than taking a taxi. A.more cheap B. much cheaper C. a little cheap D. less cheaper3. Was Henry late for the concert yesterday? No. He got there even ten minutes _ than us two. A. earlier B. earliest C. later D. latest4. She always does her homework _ than her brother. A. more careful B. careful C. more carefully D. carefully5. This kind of skirt looks _ and sells _. A. nice; wellB. nice; goodC. well; wellD. good; nice6.I have_ to do today. A. anything importantB. something important C. important nothing D. important something7.Is chemistry more difficult than physics？No，chemistry isnt as_ as physics.A. easyB. difficult C. easierD. more difficult8. Beijing is becoming _ and_.A. more beautiful; moreB. beautiful; beautifulC. more; more beautifulD. more beautiful; more beautiful9._ children there are in a family, _ their life will be.A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the betterC. Fewer; richerD. More; poorer10. The experiment was _ easier than we had expected.A. moreB. much moreC. muchD. more much11.Oct. 15th was one of _ days in 2003. The Shenzhou-V was sent up successfully.A. excitingB. more exciting C. the most excitingD. much exciting12.Its seven oclock in the afternoon, but they are _ having a meeting.A. alreadyB. stillC. yetD. ever13._ has this food store been in business？Since 2001.A. How longB. How oftenC. How oldD. How soon14.What was the weather like yesterday？It was terrible. It rained so _ that people could _ go out.A. hardlyhardB. hardlyhardlyC. hardhardlyD. hardhard15. Dont eat the meat. It smells _. A. terribleB. badly C. delicious D. good 16. To protect environment is _ to take care of our lives. A. important B. as important as C. m