linuxshell编程.doc

shellLinuxshellShellshellshellshellLinuxshellbash (bourne again shell) shellbashbashbashbourne shellneditkeditemacsvishell:#!/bin/sh#!/bin/sh:chmod +x filename ./filename shell# shell:=$:#!/bin/sh#a=hello world# aecho A is: $afirst chmod +x first ./first :A is: hello world:num=2echo this is the $numndthis is the 2ndthis is the shellnumndshellnum:num=2echo this is the $numnd this is the 2nd expr shellexportShellshell1) Unix :shellunixecho some text: ls: wc Cl file wc -w file wc -c file: linewordcharactercp sourcefile destfile: mv oldname newname : rm file: grep pattern file: cut -b column file: 59 cut -b5-9 file.txtcatcat file.txt: file somefile: somefileread var: varsort file.txt: file.txtuniq: sort file.txt | uniqexpr: 2+3: expr 2 + 3find: find . -name filename -printtee: () somecommand | tee outfilebasename file: basename /bin/tux tuxdirname file: dirname /bin/tux /binhead file: tail file : sed: Sedshell Ubuntu Ubuntu cat text.file | sed s/ubuntu/Ubuntu/ newtext.fileawk: awk -F cat file.txt | awk -F, print $1 , $3 , Adam Bor, 34, IndiaKerry Miller, 22, USAAdam Bor, IndiaKerry Miller, USA2) : , backtick (|) :grep hello file.txt | wc -lfile.txthellogrepwc: :find . -mtime -1 -type f -print24-mtime C248:#!/bin/sh# The ticks are backticks () not normal quotes ():tar -zcvf lastmod.tar.gz find . -mtime -1 -type f -print3) if then:if .; then .elif .; then .else .fi : -f somefile -x /bin/ls /bin/ls -n $var $var $a = $b $a$bman test:#!/bin/shif $SHELL = /bin/bash ; thenecho your login shell is the bash (bourne again shell)elseecho your login shell is not bash but $SHELLfi$SHELLshell/bin/bashC: -f /etc/shadow & echo This computer uses shadow passwors & /etc/shadow This computer uses shadow passwors(|)shell:#!/bin/shmailfolder=/var/spool/mail/james -r $mailfolder | echo Can not read $mailfolder ; exit 1; echo $mailfolder has mail from:grep From $mailfoldermailfolderFrom -ifcase:case . in.) do something here ;esacfilefile lf.gz:lf.gz: gzip compressed data, deflated, original filename,last modified: Mon Aug 27 23:09:18 2001, os: Unixsmartzipbzip2, gzip zip #!/bin/shftype=file $1case $ftype in$1: Zip archive*)unzip $1 ;$1: gzip compressed*)gunzip $1 ;$1: bzip2 compressed*)bunzip2 $1 ;*) error File $1 can not be uncompressed with smartzip;esac$1smartzip articles.zip$1 articles.zipselect bashselect var in . ; dobreakdone. now $var can be used .#!/bin/shecho What is your favourite OS?select var in Linux Gnu Hurd Free BSD Other; dobreakdoneecho You have selected $varWhat is your favourite OS?1) Linux2) Gnu Hurd3) Free BSD4) Other#? 1You have selected Linuxshellloopwhile .; do.donewhile-loop will run while the expression that we test for is true. break continuefor-loop () for var in .; do.doneABC#!/bin/shfor var in A B C ; doecho var is $vardoneshowrpmRPM#!/bin/sh# list a content summary of a number of RPM packages# USAGE: showrpm rpmfile1 rpmfile2 .# EXAMPLE: showrpm /cdrom/RedHat/RPMS/*.rpmfor rpmpackage in $*; doif -r $rpmpackage ;thenecho = $rpmpackage =rpm -qi -p $rpmpackageelseecho ERROR: cannot read file $rpmpackagefidone$*showrpm openssh.rpm w3m.rpm webgrep.rpm $* 3 openssh.rpm, w3m.rpm and webgrep.rpm.*jpg mail.jpg tux.jpg#!/bin/shecho *.jpgmail.jpg tux.jpg () #!/bin/shecho *.jpgecho *.jpg*.jpg #!/bin/shecho $SHELLecho $SHELLecho $SHELL/bin/bash/bin/bash$SHELLecho *.jpgecho $SHELL*.jpg$SHELLHere documentshere documents here documentsecho Here document here documenthere documents#!/bin/sh# we have less than 3 arguments. Print the help text:if $# -lt 3 ; thencat ren - renames a number of files using sed regular expressionsUSAGE: ren regexp replacement files.EXAMPLE: rename all *.HTM files in *.html:ren HTM$ html *.HTMHELPexit 0fiOLD=$1NEW=$2# The shift command removes one argument from the list of# command line arguments.shiftshift# $* contains now all the files:for file in $*; doif -f $file ; thennewfile=echo $file | sed s/$OLD/$NEW/gif -f $newfile ; thenecho ERROR: $newfile exists alreadyelseecho renaming $file to $newfile .mv $file $newfilefifidoneif3 ($# ) 3catcat3OLDNEWshift$*$filesednewfilemvfunctionname()# inside the body $1 is the first argument given to the function# $2 the second .bodyxtitlebarhelp#!/bin/sh# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et:help()cat xtitlebar - change the name of an xterm, gnome-terminal or kde konsoleUSAGE: xtitlebar -h string_for_titelbarOPTIONS: -h help textEXAMPLE: xtitlebar cvsHELPexit 0# in case of error or if -h is given we call the function help: -z $1 & help $1 = -h & help# send the escape sequence to change the xterm titelbar:echo -e 330;$107#$* $1, $2 . $9 -h ()case#!/bin/shhelp()cat shift by 2-) shift;break; # end of options-*) echo error: no such option $1. -h for help;exit 1;*) break;esacdoneecho opt_f is $opt_fecho opt_l is $opt_lecho first arg is $1echo 2nd arg is $2cmdparser -l hello -f - -somefile1 somefile2opt_f is 1opt_l is hellofirst arg is -somefile12nd arg is somefile2caseunixframework.shcopycp framework.sh myscript b2d ( 1101) expr#!/bin/sh# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et:help()cat b2h - convert binary to decimalUSAGE: b2h -h binarynumOPTIONS: -h help textEXAMPLE: b2h 111010will return 58HELPexit 0error()# print an error and exitecho $1exit 1lastchar()# return the last character of a string in $rvalif -z $1 ; then# empty stringrval=returnfi# wc puts some space behind the output this is why we need sed:numofchar=echo -n $1 | wc -c | sed s/ /g # now cut out the last charrval=echo -n $1 | cut -b $numofcharchop()# remove the last character in string and return it in $rvalif -z $1 ; then# empty stringrval=returnfi# wc puts some space behind the output this is why we need sed:numofchar=echo -n $1 | wc -c | sed s/ /g if $numofchar = 1 ; then# only one char in stringrval=returnfinumofcharminus1=expr $numofchar - 1# now cut all but the last char:rval=echo -n $1 | cut -b 0-$numofcharminus1while -n $1 ; docase $1 in-h) help;shift 1; # function help is called-) shift;break; # end of options-*) error error: no such option $1. -h for help;*) break;esacdone# The main programsum=0weight=1# one arg must be given: -z $1 & helpbinnum=$1binnumorig=$1while -n $binnum ; dolastchar $binnumif $rval = 1 ; thensum=expr $weight + $sumfi# remove the last position in $binnumchop $binnumbinnum=$rvalweight=expr $weight * 2doneecho binary $binnumorig is decimal $sum# (1,2,4,8,16,.)100 * 1 + 1 * 2 = 2lastchar wc CccutChoprotatefile outmailoutmail.1outmail.1outmail.2 .#!/bin/sh# vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et:ver=0.1help()cat rotatefile - rotate the file nameUSAGE: rotatefile -h filenameOPTIONS: -h help textEXAMPLE: rotatefile outThis will e.g rename out.2 to out.3, out.1 to out.2, out to out.1and create an empty out-fileThe max number is 10version $verHELPexit 0error()echo $1exit 1while -n $1 ; docase $1 in-h) help;shift 1;-) break;-*) echo error: no such option $1. -h for help;exit 1;*) break;esacdone# input check:if -z $1 ; thenerror ERROR: you must