高考英语二轮复习 精品资料专题14 交际用语教学案（教师版）.doc

2013高考英语二轮复习 精品资料专题14 交际用语教学案（教师版）【2013高考考纲解读】高考英语试题中，单项填空题越来越注重对情景交际用语的考查，越来越强调对交际能力的测试，所以情景交际是高考必考的考点。情景交际用语主要考查教学大纲、考试大纲和考试说明中所规定的常用会话套语。考查的方式以应答为主，提问为辅；以中英文化差异明显的语言交流项目为重点考查对象。其情景主要集中在就餐、打电话、购物、请求、道谢、道歉和提议等日常交往中最常用的方面。情景交际在高考中的考查重点：1.日常交际应答语应答对方的感谢；应答对方的道歉；应答对方的劝告和建议；应答对方的请求；应答对方的要求；应答对方的邀请；应答对方的祝愿、祝贺；应答对方的鼓励和赞扬；应答对方的帮助。2.情感态度的表达表示惊奇；表示同情；表示安慰；表示鼓励；表示同意；表示不同意；表示不在乎。3.日常交际问答问候；问时间、日期；打电话；购物；问路。4.几个常考的交际用语it all depends!(视情况而定）；what if(倘若.会怎么样）；what for?(做什么用，为什么）；so what ?(那又怎么样）；got it!(明白了）；take your time.(别着急）；take it easy.(放松点）；its up to（由决定）。【重点知识整合】1问候(greetings)对话的甲方hello! /hi!good morning/afternoon/evening!how are you? /how are you getting on?hows everything?how do you do?please remember to./please give my regards/love to.best wishes/regards to./say hello to.bill sends his best wishes/love to.对话的乙方 hello/hi! good morning/afternoon/evening!fine, thank you, and you?very well./so-so,thank you.how do you do?thank you. i certainly will.sure./all right,oh, thats nice of him. 注意： (1)说话长短深浅要分场合。如果人家很忙，你却视而不见，只顾自己口若悬河，那会给人留下缺乏教养的印象。 (2)谈内容。如上文所说，英美人很尊重别人的隐私。因此，与他们交谈时最好不要打听对方的隐私。 一般认为，英美人的年龄、婚姻状况、收支情况、宗教信仰、投票倾向等都属于个人隐私，旁人无权干涉。 2祝愿、祝贺和应答（good wishes，congratulations and responses）对话的甲方good luck/wishes/journey/success.congratulations.have a good time/trip/journey.happy birthday to you.happy new year! /merry christmas!id like to congratulate you on.i wish you success/a wonderful journey.ail the (very) best.i hope everything goes well.对话的乙方thank you.thanks.thanks a lot.many thanks.the same to you!thank you. may you be the same.you too./i wish you the same.thank you.many thanks.注意：(1) congratulate和celebrate都表示祝贺，但用法有别：前者侧重人，而后者侧重事。(2)对于祝愿的回答常用：thank you若双方皆进行同一件事情，则说：the same to you或you too 3邀请、道歉和应答(invitations，apologies and responses)邀请对话的甲方will you come to. ?would you like to. ?could you come and. ?id like to invite you to.wed like to.wed like you to.could you do us the favour to come to. ?may we have the pleasure of your coming to. ?对话的乙方yes,id love/like to./with pleasure. /yes, i will.that would be fine/nice./all right.its very kind/nice of you.thats very kind of you.5. id love/like to, but./im afraid/sorry i cant.id be much delighted to accept your invitation.道歉对话的甲方 (im)sorry to./sorry./pardon.sorry. i forget to./im terribly sorry.exeuse me for doing.i should have done.what a pity/shame!its a pity that./im afraid that.please forgive the wrong ive done. /please pardon my fault.对话的乙方thats all right./it doesnt matter.thats/its nothing./never mind.it doesnt matter to me.thats ok./thats quite all right.not at all./please dont worry.dont think any more about it./its not necessary.there is no need for you to worry in the least. 注意： 因自己的过错给对方造成不良后果，不管程度大小，都应向对方表示歉意。可说：(im) sorry.im sorry for/about sth./to have done sth /that.i beg your pardon.回答可用：it doesnt matter.its nothing.thats all right.dont mention it.never mind. 【例】 sorry, i made a mistake again. _. practice more and youll succeed.a. never mindb. certainly notc. not at alld. dont mention it4劝告和建议（advice and suggestions）问方why not. ? why dont you. ?whatabout.? how about.?shallwe.? lets.youd better (not)./you should/ought to.答方(thats a)good idea.ok, (thats) fine/great!im afraid .its a good idea,bht./id love to,but . 注意： (1)表示建议时，shall常用于第一和第三人称，will用于第二人称。 (2)suggest（建议）后从句中的谓语动词需用虚拟语气形式：(should)+动词原形。 (3)对what/how about.？的肯定回答常用“thats ok/all right.”，否定回答常用“no，thanks.”或“sorry，”。5提供帮助和应答(offers and responses)提供帮助者can/could/shall i help you?would you like me to. ?is there anything (else) i can do for you?do you want me to. ?what can i do for you?let me do/carry/help. (for you).would you like some. ?can i do anything for you?would you care for. ?help yourself to. ;11.can i help you with that?接受帮助者(thanks.)that would be nice/fine.thats/its very kind/nice of you.no. thank you for your help.all right, thank you.please dont bother./yes,please.its kind of you. here,take this/my.no, thanks/thank you.yes,would you please. ?thats very kind of you,but.oh,thats very kind of you.just what i needed. 注意： (1)what can i do for you?和can i help you?服务性较强，在具体场合中要灵活翻译。 (2)若对方请你再吃东西，而你已吃饱不想要了，则说“no，thanks,im full.”或i have had enough. 【例】 my mother is preparing my favorite dishes. go with me and have a taste, okay? - . and ill be glad to meet your parents. a. i think so b. id love to c. im sure d. i hope so 6打电话（making phone calls）打电话的人hello! is (tom) in?may/could i speak to. ?id like to speak to.let me speak to . please.could you tell me the number of the english department?接电话的人hello, who is that?this is. (speaking).speaking, please.he/she isnt here right now./hold the line, please./hold on (for a moment), please.that numbers been changed. the new number is.,. 注意： (1)打电话时称对方用that，称自己用this。 (2)常见的打电话用语：hold on（请稍候。）can i take a message for you?（我能给你捎个信吗？）i called to tell you（我打电话告诉你）whats your (telephone) num-ber? /may i have your (telephone) number? /your number, please?（请问你的电话号码是多少？）there was a telephone call for you./telephone for you./youre wanted on the phone.you have a phone call.（你的电话。）the line is engaged.（电话占线。）i couldnt get through（我打不通电话。）give me a line, please.（请给我接个电话。）put me through to room 206（请给我接206房间。）7问路、指路和应答（asking the way and responses）问路者excuse me. could you tell me where. (地点 ) is?pardon me,can/could you tell me the way to. ?how can i get to. ? which is the way to. ?excuse me,but is this the way to. (地点) ?is this the right way to. (地点) ?how long will it take me to walk there?how long will it take me to take a bus to. (地点) ?应答者its over there. go ahead and.walk along the street and turn left.go down/walk along the street until you come to.yes. keep on going until you see.yes. go straight ahead till you see/reach.im sorry. i dont know. im a stranger,too.its only ten minutes walk/a long way off. 注意： (1)向陌生人问路，应先道声“excuse me，以引起对方注意。 (2)即使对方不能给予你满意的回答，也应给出礼貌回答“thank you all the same.”。8.请求、请求许可和应答(asking for permission and responses)(1)请求问者can/could/wfll/would you (please). (for me)?may i have. ?i wonder if you could. ?would you mind (not). ?please give/pass./give/pass me . please.应答者certainly.i11 be glad.with pleasure.not at all./of course not.im afraid i. you see./here you are.(2)请求许可问者must i. ? may i. ?can/could i. ? shall i. ?i wonder if i could.答者sure./certainly./yes, please.of course( ,you may)./go ahead,please.i am sorry,you cant./im sorry,but./id rather you didnt.youd better not./just help yourself./no, you neednt. 注意： (1)对could i.？或might i.？的回答应用“yes, you can.”或yes, you may.”，而不用could或might。 (2)对mind句型（如would/do you mind if.？）的肯定回答常用：(no,)not at all.of course not.no, please.no,id love to.等，一定不能说：yes, please.对本句型的否定回答常用：im sorry you cant.im sorry i cant.yes, please dont或其他委婉的说法。【例】it looks heavy. can i give you a hand? . a. no, thanks b. yes, my pleasurec. no, never mind d. yes, i do9感谢和应答(thanks and responses)表示感谢者thanks (a lot)/many thanks.thank you (very much/ever so much).thank you for your help/doing.i am obliged to you.its very kind of you to do.thanks for.i appreciate your help.应答者you are welcome./its nothing./not at all.its/thats all right./thats ok./dont mention it.its a pleasure./its my pleasure.thats nothing.glad to have helped you.at your serviee.it was the least i could do. 注意：对方未能办到某事，同样要表示感谢。常用以下说法：thank you all the same./thanks, anyway.等。【例】 could you be so kind as to close the window? _. a. with pleasure b. go ahead c. yes, please d. thats ok【答案】a.【解析】对方是一种请求帮忙的问句.自然选择”with pleasure,很乐意. 10介绍（introduction） this is mr/mrs/miss/ms/comrade. may i introduce you to.?/id like you to meet. how do you do? /nice/glad/pleased to see/meet you. nice meeting you, mr/mrs/miss., my name is. im a student/worker. allow me to introduce myself./please let me introduce myself./may i introduce myself? 、 注意： (1)按照礼仪，应先把男方介绍给女方，把社会地位较低者介绍给较高者。双方皆可用how do you do?或glad to meet you.相互问候。 (2)握手时，男方应等女方先伸手，年轻者等年长者先伸手。 11同意和不同意(agreement and disagreement) certainly. /sure, /of course. no problem./yes, please./yes,i think so. thats true./all right./ok./thats a good idea. its a good idea to/that./we agree (with you). i agree to./that-clause. i couldnt agree more./i quite agree with you. thats just what i think./exactly my thought. i think nobody would disagree with that./i dont think anyone would argue with that. no,i dont think so./im not sure whether/if. im afraid i really cant agree with you. not really. i thinkyou are mistaken./i dont think you are right. never! /no way./not at all. 注意： thats the idea!是这个意思！对啦！ its a good idea to swim in summer. 夏天游泳是个好主意。 12就餐(taking meals) what would you like (to have)? would you like something (to eat/drink)? would you like some more.? help yourself to some. may i have just a little to taste? we dont have it in my country. id like./cake/two eggs,please. thank you. ive had enough./im full,thank you. just a little,please. im feeling hungry. 注意： (1)询问对方想吃什么时可说：what would you like to have?would you like something (to eat/drink)?回答可用：oid like.chicken/two eggs.,please. (2)劝对方再多吃些什么时可说：would you like some more？help yourself to some.回答时可用：thank you. ive had enough.im full, thank you.just a little,please. (3)对饭菜的评价可说“its excellent”或“its delicious”。 (4)cheers干杯！cheers to your health为您的健康而干杯。这些是常见的祝酒词。【例】do you want another drink ? . a .i dont think so b. no way c. not at all d. i wouldnt say no 【例】- bill, can i get you anything to drink?- .a. you are welcome b. no problemc. i wouldnt mind a coffee d. doesnt matter【答案】c【解析】交际用语bill, can i get you anything to drink?bill,你想要喝点什么？i wouldnt mind a coffee 我不见意要一杯咖啡。 13意愿和希望(intentions and wishes)im going to./i will./id like to.,.1 i intend/mean/plan to./i feel like doing. i (do not) want/hope to.i would rather not tell you/i want/hope/wish to. i wish that./i would like to. i would do it if i should have the chance. if only i could see him. im thinking of/about doing. i dont think ill do that,i have no intention of doing. 注意： (1)be going to用来表示主语事先考虑的意图或打算，若事先没考虑则用1 will.结构。 (2) wish, want, expect, think, mean, imagine, believe等词的过去完成时，可表示一种过去未能实现的愿望。 (3)would rather后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，指过去的情况用过去完成时；指现在或将来的情况就用一般过去时。 (4)if only常用来加强语气，省略主句，只剩下从句，多用虚拟语气形式（动词形式同would rather从句），意为“但愿就好了”。 14告别（farewells）对话的甲方1.i am afraid i must be off/going/leaving now.i think .its time for us to leave now.its time i met/did. i have to go now.good-bye ! (bye-bye ! bye ! )see you later/tomorrow. (see you. )good night./so long.对话的乙方must you leave so soon?cant you stay a bit longer?its been a nice meeting (talking with) you.i hope we can see each other again. good-bye!goodbye ! (bye-bye ! bye ! )see you later/tomorrow.good night./so long./see you next time. 注意： (1)双方初次见面后告别时常说：nice meeting you.nice to have met you应答者应在句末加too。 (2)熟人之间常用：bye-bye!（关系密切）good-bye!（关系一般）see you again/later/tomorrow.（经常见面）回答用同样的话。 (3)在its time+从句”句型中，从句谓语动词用过去时形式，也可用should do, should不可省。 15喜好和厌恶（likes and dislikes） i like/love. (very much). i like/love to. i preferto hed rather begin at once. its really wonderful. im very keen on./im very fond of. im crazy about diving. what i most enjoy is./there is nothing i enjoy more than. i cant find words to express how much i like it. i cant stand (bear) that woman. i dont like/love/care for. im not very fond of./imnot very keen on. i especially/rather dislike./i hate. which would you prefer? /which do you like better? do you prefer a or b? 注意： 动词like, love, hate等之后接动词不定式常表示某一具体时间或某一阶段性的具体动作；若接动名词则泛指习惯性动作；dislike之后只能接动名词；它们都不能用于进行时。 16决断和坚持(determination,decision and insistence) i will./i have decided to/that. i have decided what+从句/what to. i insist on/that. i have made up my mind (not) to do. ive determined to do. im determined to do. ive determined on doing. 注意： (1)i will.中的will是情态动词，表示主语的强烈意志和决心，意为“无论如何总要”，需重读。 (2) insist之后的从句若表达主观愿望，就用虚拟语气：(should)+动词原形；若坚持认定某一既定事实，则用陈述语气。 (3)make up ones mind相当于decide。 (4)determine to do表动作be determined to do表状态。 17责备和抱怨(blame and complaint) he is to blame./she blamed him for. he shouldnt have done it. im sorry to have said that,but. why cant you do something about it? 注意： be to blame主动形式表示被动意义。 18肯定和不肯定（certainty and uncertainty) (dim sure (of that)./im sure that. im not sure (of that)./im not sure whether/if. i doubt if./i dont doubt that. perhaps./maybe. perhaps so. theres no doubt (question) about it. there is no doubt that. 19禁止和警告( prohibition and warning) you cant/mustnt. if you，you will. youd better not do it dont smoke! dont be late. no smoking no spitting! look outl take care! be careful! watch out! it is not allowed to do. keep off the grass! mind how you go! mind your own business! dont try any tricks! 注意： (1)if you.,you will.对象不同，语气迥异。对熟人需要缓和制止，对仇人是威胁。 (2)no+n./doing表示禁止，语气强硬，后加please则语气缓和。若用于标语则意为“严禁”。 (3) look out!和watch out!常用来表示在紧急形势下对对方发出的警告，一般单独使用；take care!和be careful!是对一般情况的警告，其后可接of+n.或not to do表示警告的具体内容。 20谈论天气（talking about the weather） whats the weather like today? how is the weather in.? its fine/cloudy/rainy/windy,. its getting cold/warm. its rather warm/cold/hot., today,isnt it? its a beautiful day today. what a lovely day! does it often rain here in.? how do you like the weather? i wonder if it is going to rain tomorrow. what does the weather forecast say? 注意： (1) fine, clear, beautiful皆可指天气的“晴朗”。 (2)询问天气情况常用：whats the weather like today?hows the weather in.？等。 (3)介绍天气情况的句式有：its fine (sunny) /cloudy/windy/rainy.（天气晴阴有风有雨。）it is getting cold/warm/hot（天气逐渐变冷暖和炎热。）its rather cold/hot/warm/cool today, isnt it?（今天天气相当冷热暖和凉爽，不是吗？）its a beautiful day today.（今天天气晴朗。） 21询问时间和日期(asking the time and date) what day is (it) today? whats the date today? excuse me,what time is it by your watch? /whats the time,please? /excuse me. have you got the time? how long will it take to do.? how often do you write home? how soon will he finish the work?答方its sunday/monday.its july llth/september 2nd/january 10th.its 10oclock/half past ten/a quarter to ten/ten thirty.two weeks/a couple of days.once a month/twice a season.in an hour/in a day or two. 注意： (1)what day is (it) today?用来询问星期几；whats the date today?用来询问几月几号。 (2) past/after表示“过”；to/before表示“差”。使用这两种形式时，“过”或“差”的分钟数要放在前面，小时数放在后面。另外，“过”或“差”的分钟数必须在30分钟之内（整30分钟可用“过”表示）。半小时可用“half，一刻钟可用“a quarter”来表示。 (3) how longhow soon和how often都含有汉语的“多久”之意，注意区别：how long指动作发生后所延续的时间有“多久”，回答用“for+一段时间”（for可省）。也可用“since+过去某一具体时间或接从句（从句谓语动词用过去式）”。how soon指某一动作（还）要过多久才发生或结束。回答用“in/within+一段时间”。how often指某动作发生的频率性。回答用“once/twice/three times a week/month/year。 22约会（meetings）对话的甲方are you/will you be free this afternoon/tomorrow?shall we meet at 4:30 at. ? youll be free.i wonder if you have time to.good morning. id like to.what time can i call on you?what/how about. ?what time is convenient for you?id like to make an appointment with mr. smith.对话的乙方yes,thats all right.yes. ill be free then.all right. see you then.any time is all right for me./any day will do. /any time will be ok with me.i am sorry i have no time/wont be free then.im afraid i cant make it tomorrow.no,im afraid i cant manage it.no,i wont be free then. but ill be free.can we make it a little later?shall we make it some other time?i wonder if we could change the time.23.看病 (seeing a doctor)theres something wrong with.whats the matter?whats your trouble?whats wrong (with you) ?ive got a cough. i feel terrible (bad).how long have you been like this?drink plenty of water and get more rest.i dont feel well. this place hurts.take this medicine four times a day.its nothing serious. youll be all right/well soon. 24.购物 (shopping)what can i do for you? may/can i help you? /anything i can do for you? /could i be of service to you? i want/id like. how much is it? it costs. thats too expensive,im afraid. thats fine. ill take it. l