大厅词汇练习.doc

MushroomWith the economic development,beautiful and expensive villas have mushroomed in the suburbs of big cities.SprayYoud better spray the garden with insecticide(杀虫剂） to get rid of the pests.（害虫）Supplementsupplementcountable1something that you add to something else to improve it or make it complete:vitamins and other The payments are a supplement to his usual salary.2an additional part at the end of a book, or a separate part of a newspaper, magazine etc:the Sunday supplements3an amount of money that is added to the price of a service, hotel room etc:Single rooms are available at a supplement.supplementtransitiveto add something, especially to what you earn or eat, in order to increase it to an acceptable level Kia supplements her regular salary by tutoring in the evenings.colour supplementcountableBritish Englisha magazine printed in colour and given free with a newspaper, especially on Saturdays or SundaysTimes Education Supplement, thethe TESa weekly British newspaper with articles on education in schools and advertisements for teaching jobs, produced byTheTimespercentage1uncountable and countablean amount expressed as if it is part of a total which is 100 The percentage of school leavers that go to university is about five per cent.Tax is paid as a percentage of total income. A high percentage of married women have part-time jobs.Interest rates fell by six(=6%).The numbers are small(=when calculated as a percentage). Crime figures showed significant percentage increases.!If the noun that followsa percentage ofis plural, use a plural verb:Only a small percentage of people are interested in politics.2countable usually singulara share of the profits:She gets a percentage for every record sold.3British Englishinformalused to say that doing something is not going to help or be useful:Theres no percentage in worrying.miss1not do something/fail to do somethingtransitiveto not go somewhere or do something, especially when you want to but cannot:Im absolutely starving - I missed lunch.He missed 20 games after breaking a bone in his wrist.She was upset at missing all the excitement. He had missed being elected by a single vote.2not hit/catchintransitive and transitiveto fail to hit or catch an object that is close to you, or to fail to hit a distant object that you are aiming at:Every time she missed the ball she became more angry.He fired, missed and loaded again.The bullether heart.3feel sad about somebodytransitiveto feel sad because someone you love is not with you:She missed her family badly.Will you miss me?John will beby his family and friends.4feel sad about somethingtransitiveto feel sad because you do not have something or cannot do something you had or did before:I miss the car, but the bus system is good.miss doing something Ben knew he would miss working with Sabrina.5too latetransitiveto be too late for something:We got there late and missed the beginning of the movie. I overslept and missed the train.6to fail to use an opportunity to do something:He certainly wasnt going to miss the chance of making some extra money.Dont miss the chance to see the breathtaking Dolomite Mountains.Thewastoo good to missso we left immediately.7not see/heartransitiveto not see, hear, or notice something, especially when it is difficult to notice:Maeves sharp eyes missed nothing.Perhaps theres something the police have missed.Its a huge hotel on the corner.(=it is very easy to notice or recognize)., do you(=you are good at noticing things)?John(=noticed every opportunity to get an advantage)when it came to cutting costs.8to not understand the main point of what someone is saying9used to say that someone should do something while they have the opportunity:A journey on one of the steam trains is certainly not to be missed!10avoid somethingtransitiveto avoid something bad or unpleasant:If we leave now we should miss the traffic.miss doing something As he crossed the street, a bus just missed hitting him.Theynarrowly missedbeing killed in the fire.11spokenused to say that you really want to go to an event, see something etc:Come to the party. I will. I wouldnt miss it for the world.12notice something isnt theretransitiveto notice that something or someone is not in the place you expect them to be:I didnt miss my wallet till it came to paying the bill.13to not achieve something you were trying to do:Their efforts to improve quality have somewhat missed the mark.14informalto fail to take an opportunity that will give you an advantage:Youll miss the boat if you dont buy shares now.15if you do something without missing a beat, you do it without showing that you are surprised or shocked:She handled all of their questions without missing a beat.16used to say that someone is very excited, surprised, or frightened:Glancing up at Ricks face, she felt her heart miss a beat.17engineintransitiveif an engine misses, it stops working for a very short time and then starts againmiss out phrasal verb1to not have the chance to do something that you enjoy and that would be good for you:Some children miss out because their parents cant afford to pay for school trips. Prepare food in advance to ensure you dont miss out on the fun!2British Englishto not include someone or something:Make sure you dont miss any details out.At one time, people overgrazed the pastures. _, many of them have turned into deserts.(As a result.)miss1not do something/fail to do somethingtransitiveto not go somewhere or do something, especially when you want to but cannot:Im absolutely starving - I missed lunch.He missed 20 games after breaking a bone in his wrist.She was upset at missing all the excitement. He had missed being elected by a single vote.2not hit/catchintransitive and transitiveto fail to hit or catch an object that is close to you, or to fail to hit a distant object that you are aiming at:Every time she missed the ball she became more angry.He fired, missed and loaded again.The bullether heart.3feel sad about somebodytransitiveto feel sad because someone you love is not with you:She missed her family badly.Will you miss me?John will beby his family and friends.4feel sad about somethingtransitiveto feel sad because you do not have something or cannot do something you had or did before:I miss the car, but the bus system is good.miss doing something Ben knew he would miss working with Sabrina.5too latetransitiveto be too late for something:We got there late and missed the beginning of the movie. I overslept and missed the train.6to fail to use an opportunity to do something:He certainly wasnt going to miss the chance of making some extra money.Dont miss the chance to see the breathtaking Dolomite Mountains.Thewastoo good to missso we left immediately.7not see/heartransitiveto not see, hear, or notice something, especially when it is difficult to notice:Maeves sharp eyes missed nothing.Perhaps theres something the police have missed.Its a huge hotel on the corner.(=it is very easy to notice or recognize)., do you(=you are good at noticing things)?John(=noticed every opportunity to get an advantage)when it came to cutting costs.8to not understand the main point of what someone is saying9used to say that someone should do something while they have the opportunity:A journey on one of the steam trains is certainly not to be missed!10avoid somethingtransitiveto avoid something bad or unpleasant:If we leave now we should miss the traffic.miss doing something As he crossed the street, a bus just missed hitting him.Theynarrowly missedbeing killed in the fire.11spokenused to say that you really want to go to an event, see something etc:Come to the party. I will. I wouldnt miss it for the world.12notice something isnt theretransitiveto notice that something or someone is not in the place you expect them to be:I didnt miss my wallet till it came to paying the bill.13to not achieve something you were trying to do:Their efforts to improve quality have somewhat missed the mark.14informalto fail to take an opportunity that will give you an advantage:Youll miss the boat if you dont buy shares now.15if you do something without missing a beat, you do it without showing that you are surprised or shocked:She handled all of their questions without missing a beat.16used to say that someone is very excited, surprised, or frightened:Glancing up at Ricks face, she felt her heart miss a beat.17engineintransitiveif an engine misses, it stops working for a very short time and then starts againmiss out phrasal verb1to not have the chance to do something that you enjoy and that would be good for you:Some children miss out because their parents cant afford to pay for school trips. Prepare food in advance to ensure you dont miss out on the fun!2British Englishto not include someone or something:Make sure you dont miss any details out.The young couple were _ with emotion at the birth of their first baby(overflowing)Exaggerate vt.&vi.(使）扩大；使增加；夸大；夸张expensive extravagant 奢侈的；铺张的；过度的；过分的；放肆的.extreme Chinese people like to have _ Spring Festivals, just as Americans do when they have Christmas.balance1steadyuncountablea state in which all your weight is evenly spread so that you do not fallCOLLOCATIONSlose your balance(=become unsteady)keep your balance(=stay steady)recover/regain your balance(=become steady again)be off balance(=unable to stay steady)knock/pull/throw somebody off balancesense of balanceImybalanceand fell on my face.We were struggling toourbalanceas the boat rolled.I thought she was going to fall, but sheand carried on down the stairs.a powerful blow thathis opponentoff balanceIve got a goodand learnt to ski quite quickly.2equal amountssingular, uncountablea state in which opposite forces or influences exist in equal or the correct amounts, in a way that is good imbalance Try to keep a balance between work and play. Pesticides seriously upset the.We need to strike a balance(=succeed in finding a balance)between the needs of the community and the rights of the individual.3if you think something on balance, you think it after considering all the facts:I think on balance I prefer the old system.4surprise somebodyto surprise someone and make them confused and no longer calm:The question caught him off balance.5bankcountablethe amount of money that you have in your bank account:Myisnt good.6money owedcountablethe balance of a debt is the amount of money that you still owe after you have paid some of it:The balance is due at the end of the month.7remainingthe amount of something that remains after some has been used, spent, mentioned etc= the rest:The firm owns about 96% of the portfolio, with the balance belonging to our family.8if the future or success of something hangs in the balance, you cannot yet know whether the result will be bad or good:Meanwhile, the fate of the refugees continues to hang in the balance.9to influence the result of an event:The dignity and courage shown by the President mayhis partysfavour.10for weighingcountablean instrument for weighing things, with two dishes that hang from a bar= scales11mental/emotional healthsingularwhen someones mind is healthy and their emotional state is normal:The death of her friend had disturbed thehermind.12the most likely answer or result produced by opposing information, reasons etc checks and balancesatcheck2(4)A. in the balance (3)悬而未决；犹豫B. in parallel (2)并行的；平行的C. on parallel (3)D. on balance (34)全部考虑之后；总的来说A. pursue (23)B. invest (2)C. promote (6)D. intervene (7)pursuetransitive1to continue doing an activity or trying to achieve something over a long period of time pursuit:She plans toacareerin politics.Students shouldtheir owninterests, as well as do their school work. companies that pursue the traditional goal of profitsa campaign promise tothat will help the poor2to continue trying to find out about or persuade someone about a particular subject:Janet did not dare.The defence pursued the question of Dr Carringtons state of mind.3to chase or follow someone or something, in order to catch them, attack them etc pursuit:Briggs ran across the field with one officer pursuing him.4to keep trying to persuade someone to have a relationship with you:I was pleased, but somewhat embarrassed, when she pursued meThe doctor put him on a _ of tablets in order to control the serious symptomcourse1a)used to show that what you are saying is expected or already known and so not surprising:You can pay by cheque, assuming of course you have a valid cheque card.Of course there are exceptions to every rule.b)alsocourseinformalspokenused to say yes or to give permission politely:Can I have a word with you? Of course.Can you give me a lift? Course, no problem.c)alsocoursespokenused to emphasize that what you are saying is true or correct:Of course hell come! Well of course I love you.2alsocourse notspokeninformalused to say very strongly that something is not true or correct:He asked his father if it was true. Of course not, Jack said.You dont mind if I call her? No, course not.3educationcountablea)a series of lessons in a particular subject= classAmerican EnglishBritish English Andys doing a one-year journalism course. a course on architectureIm taking a course in graphic design.73 candidatesthecourse.For details, contact your.b)British Englisha period of study in a particular subject, especially at university= programAmerican English Students following the Honours course are expected to study Islamic History. entry qualifications for degree-level courses(=one which has formal lectures, rather than one in which a student studies alone)!courseis never followed by of:a course in English (NOT of English)correspondence course,crash course,refresher course,sandwich course4timesingulara period of time or process during which something happens During the course of our conversation, it emerged that Bob had been in prison.Over the course of the next few years, the steel industry was reorganized. In the course of researching customer needs, we discovered how few families have adequate life insurance.5developmentsingularthe usual or natural way that something changes, develops, or is done forces that shape the course of evolutionMeeting Sally changed the wholehislife. In the normal course of events, a son would inherit from his father.(=develop in the usual way and reach a natural end) Relax andnaturetake its course.It seems the boom in World Music has run its course.GorbachevSoviet history.6planssingular, uncountablethe general plans someone has to achieve something or the general way something is happening:They will go to any lengths to get the White House to.He willbetween pacifism and revolution.As long as the economy, the future looks rosy.7actionscountable usually singularan action or series of actions that you could take in order to deal with a particular situation:I agreed that this was the only sensible. The judge took the only course of action open to him.8directioncountable usually singular, uncountablethe planned direction taken by a boat or plane to reach a place:The planeto avoid the storm.(=going in the right or wrong direction) The ship was.The aircraft was almost 10 miles off course.She tightened the mainsail while(=travelling in the same direction as planned).9likely to achieve something because you have already had some success If he wins today, hes on course for the Grand Slam. Wereto qualify for the championship.10mealcountableone of the separate parts of a meal The ticket includes entry and a four-course meal. We had fish for the main course.11sportcountablean area of land or water where races are held, or an area of land designed for playing golf:a particularly difficult coursean 18-hole courseassault course,obstacle course(1)12medical treatmentcountableespecially British Englishan amount of medicine or medical treatment that you have regularly for a specific period of time a course of antibiotics13after some or enough time has passed= eventually:Shell get used to school in the course of time.14rivercountablethe direction a river moves in:The course of the water was shown by a line of trees.15wallcountablea layer of bricks, stone etc in a wall:a damp-proof course as a matter of courseatmatter1(20) ; par for the courseatpar(3) ; stay the courseatstay1(7) ; in due courseatdue1(4)invest1intransitive and transitiveto buy shares, property, or goods because you hope that the value will increase and you can make a profit:Ive got a few thousand dollars Im looking to invest. Oliver made a fortune by investing in antique furniture.Williams invested a large sum of money in Swiss stocks.He had(=invested a lot of money)in the bond market.2intransitive and transitiveif a government, business, or organization invests in something, they spend a large amount of money to improve it or help it succeedinvest (something) in something The city has invested millions of dollars in the museum.The factory plans t