像艺术家一样思考 用右脑绘画 词汇表 中英文 20150801.docx

Glossary词汇表谷歌翻译的，不太顺溜，请谅解MJ核动力初步整理 ，有志之士请将其翻译得通顺易懂一些，谢谢！QQ:397615672Abstract Art. A translation into drawing, painting, sculpture,or design of a real-life object or experience. Usuallyimplies the isolation, emphasis, or exaggeration of someaspect of the artists perception of reality. Should not beconfused with nonobjective art.抽象艺术。翻译成素描，油画，雕塑，或现实生活中的物体或经验设计。平时意味着隔离，强调，或者有些夸张现实的艺术家的感知方面。不应该是混淆抽象的艺术。Awareness. Consciousness; the act of taking account of anobject, person, or the surroundings. Possible synonymsare seeing or cognition.意识。意识;的“考虑”的行为对象，人或周围的环境。可能的同义词看到或认知。Basic Unit. A starting shape or starting unit chosen fromwithin a composition for the purpose of maintainingcorrect size relationships in a drawing. The Basic Unit isalways termed One and becomes part of a ratio, as in1:2.基本单位。 A“初始形状”或“启动单位”选自用于保持的用途的组合物内在绘图正确尺寸的关系。的基本单位是总是被称为“一”，成为比的一部分，如在“1：2”。Blank. An egg-shaped oval, drawn on paper to represent thebasic shape of the human head. Because the humanskull, seen from the side, is a different shape than theskull seen from the front, the side-view blank is a somewhatdifferently shaped oval than front-view blank.空白。蛋形椭圆形，画在纸上来表示人体头部的基本形状。因为人头骨，从侧面看，是一个不同的形状比头骨从正面看，所述侧视空白是一个有些不同形状的椭圆比前视图的空白。Central Axis. Human features are more or less symmetricaland are bisected by an imaginary vertical line in themiddle of the face. This line is called the central axis. Itis used in drawing to determine the tilt of the head andto place the features.中轴线上。人的特征都或多或少对称并通过在一个假想的垂直线是等分中间的脸。这条线被称为中心轴线。它用于绘图，以确定头的倾斜和以放置特性。Cerebral Hemispheres. The outermost part of the forebrain,clearly separated into two halves on the right andleft sides of the brain. Consists essentially of the cerebralcortex, corpus callosum, basal ganglia, and limbicsystem.大脑半球。前脑的最外部分，明确地分离成两部分在右侧和脑的左右两侧。主要由大脑的皮质，胼胝体，基底节，和边缘系统。Cerebrum. The main division of the brain in vertebrates,consisting of two hemispheres. It is the last part of thebrain to evolve and is of critical importance in all kindsof mental activity.大脑。大脑的脊椎动物的主要划分，由两个半球。它是最后一部分脑发展和至关重要的各种心理活动。Cognitive Shift. A transformation from one mental state toanother, e.g., from L-mode to R-mode or vice versa.Composition. An ordered relationship among the parts orelements of a work of art. In drawing, the arrangementof forms and spaces within the format.认知转变。一个从一个精神状态转变另一个，例如，从L模式到R模式，或反之亦然。组成。各部分之间的有序关系或艺术作品的元素。在图中，安排的格式内的形式和空格。Conceptual Images. Imagery from internal sources (theminds eye) rather than from external, perceivedsources; usually simplified images; often abstract ratherthan realistic.观念的图像。来自内部人士的图像（在“心灵之眼”），而不是从外部，感知来源;通常简化图像;通常是抽象而比现实。Contour Line. In drawing, a line that represents the sharededges of a form, a group of forms, or forms and spaces.等高线。在图中，一条线代表共享一个形式，一组的形式，或形式和间隔的边缘。Corpus Callosum. A massive, compact bundle of axons connectingthe right and left cerebral cortices. The corpuscallosum allows the two halves, or hemispheres, of thecerebral cortex to communicate directly with oneanother.胼胝体。轴突的大规模的，紧凑的束连接右和左大脑皮质。胼胝允许的两半，或半球，大脑皮层直接与一个通信另一回事。Creativity. The ability to find new solutions to a problem ornew modes of expression; the bringing into existence ofsomething new to the individual and to the culture.Writer Arthur Koestler added the requirement that thenew creation should be socially useful.创造力。寻找新的解决方案，以一个问题或能力新的表达方式;该带进存在一些新的个体和文化。作家阿瑟库斯勒添加的要求，即新的创造应该是对社会有益的。Crosshatching. A series of intersecting sets of parallel linesused to indicate shading or volume in a drawing.剖面线。一系列平行线组相交用于指示阴影或体积中的图。Edge. In drawing, the place where two things meet (forexample, where the sky meets the ground); the line ofseparation between two shapes or a space and a shape.边。在图中，地方两件事满足（为例如，在天空满足地面）;的线两个形状或空间和形状之间的分隔。Expressive Quality. The slight individual differences in theway each of us perceives and represents our perceptionsin a work of art. These differences express an individualsinner reactions to the perceived stimulus as well asthe unique touch arising from individual physiologicalmotor differences.表现的品质。在轻微的个体差异这样我们每个人的感知和代表了我们的看法在艺术作品。这些差异表达的个体的内反应的感知刺激以及从个人的生理产生的独特的“触摸”电机的差异。Eye Level, In perspective drawing, a horizontal line onwhich lines above and below it in the horizontal planeappear to converge. In portrait drawing, the proportionalline that divides the head in half horizontally; thelocation of the eyes at this halfway mark on the head.眼睛的水平，在透视图中，水平线这在水平面上面和下面行出现收敛。在纵向拉伸，比例分界线的头一半水平;该眼睛在头部上的这个半路标记的位置。Foreshortening. A way to portray forms on a two-dimensionalsurface so that they appear to project from orrecede behind a flat surface; a means of creating the illusionof spatial depth in figures or forms.缩短。一种方法描绘在一个二维形式表面使他们从出现到项目或退去后面的平坦表面上;创造的幻觉的一种手段空间深度图或表格。Format. The particular shape of a drawing or painting surfacerectangular, circular, triangular, etc.; the proportionof the surface, e.g., the relationship of the length tothe width in a rectangular surface.格式。绘图或绘画面的具体形状矩形，圆形，三角形等;比例表面的，例如长度与的关系在矩形表面的宽度。Grid. Evenly spaced lines, running horizontally and verticallyat right angles, that divide a drawing or paintinginto small squares or rectangles. Often used to enlarge adrawing or to aid in seeing spatial relationships.网格。均匀间隔的行，水平和垂直方向运行成直角，即把一个绘图或画成小正方形或长方形。经常用来放大图纸或在看到空间关系，以帮助。Hemispheric Lateralization. The differentiation of the twocerebral hemispheres with respect to function and modeof cognition.半球偏侧。两者的区别大脑半球相对于功能和模式认知。Holistic. In terms of cognitive functions, the simultaneousprocessing of an array of information in a total configurationas opposed to sequential processing of its separateparts.整体。在认知功能方面，同时的信息的阵列的总的配置的处理相对于顺序号分开处理部分。Image. Verb: to call up in the mind a mental copy of somethingnot present to the senses; see in the minds eye.Noun: a retinal image; the optical image of externalobjects received by the visual system and interpreted bythe brain.图片。动词：调出在脑海中的东西拷贝精神不存在的感官;看到“心灵的眼睛。”名词：视网膜图像;的外部的光学图像收到视觉系统对象，并通过解释大脑。Imagination. A recombination of mental images from pastexperiences into a new pattern.想象。从过去的心理图像的重组经历到一个新的格局。Intuition. Direct and apparently unmediated knowledge; ajudgment, meaning, or idea that occurs to a personwithout any known process of reflective thinking. Thejudgment is often reached as a result of minimal cuesand seems to come from nowhere.直觉。直接和明显中介的知识;一个出现了一个人的判断，意义，或思想没有反思任何已知的过程。该判断往往达到为最小的线索的结果而且似乎“空穴来风”。Key. In drawing, the lightness or darkness of an image. Ahigh-key drawing is light or pale in value; a low-keydrawing is dark or low in value.键。在图中，图像的明暗。一个高调绘图轻或浅的价值;低调图纸是在黑暗中值或低。Learning. Any relatively permanent change in behavior as aresult of experience or practice.学习。任何行为相对永久性的变化作为经验或实践的结果。Left Hemisphere. The left half (oriented according to yourleft) of the cerebrum. For most right-handed individualsand a large proportion of left-handed individuals, verbalfunctions are in the left hemisphere.左脑半球。根据左半（方位左）大脑的。对于大多数右手个人和左手的个人相当大的比重，言语功能是左半球。L-Mode. A state of information processing characterized aslinear, verbal, analytic, and logical.L模式。对信息的状态处理为特点线性的，口头的，分析和逻辑。Negative Spaces. The areas around positive forms that shareedges with the forms. Negative spaces are bounded bythe outer edges by the format. Interior negative spacescanbepartof positive forms: For example, the whites ofthe eyes can be regarded as interior negative spaces usefulfor drawing the irises.负空间。各地积极形式的共享区与边缘的形式。负空间被限定由格式的外边缘。 “内政部”消极空间canbepartof阳性形式：的例如，白人眼睛可视为内部空间负有用绘制虹膜。Nonobjective Art. Art that makes no attempt to reproducethe appearance of real-life objects or experiences or toproduce the illusion of reality. Also called nonrepresentationalart.抽象的艺术。艺术是没有试图重现现实生活中的出现对象或经验或产生现实的错觉。也被称为“抽象的艺术。“Perception. The awareness, or the process of becomingaware, of objects, relations, or qualitieseither internalor external to the individualby means of the sensesand under the influence of previous experiences.知觉。意识，或成为进程对象，关系，或知道，品质，无论是内部或外部的感官的个体借助于和过去的经验的影响下。Picture Plane. An imaginary construct of a transparentplane, like a framed window, that always remains parallelto the vertical plane of the artists face. The artistdraws on paper what he or she sees beyond the plane asthough the view were flattened on the plane. Inventorsof photography used this concept to develop the firstcameras.画面。构成的透明的假想构建飞机，就像一个框窗，始终保持平行艺术家的脸的垂直平面。艺术家绘制在纸上他或她看到超出平面虽然观点被夷为平地上飞机。发明家摄影用这个概念来开发第一相机。Realistic Art. The objective depiction of objects, forms, andfigures attentively perceived. Also called naturalism.现实主义艺术。的客观描绘对象，表格和数字用心感知。也被称为“自然主义”。Right Hemisphere. The right half (oriented according toyour right) of the cerebrum. For most right-handedindividuals and a large proportion of left-handed individuals,spatial, relational functions are in the righthemisphere.右半球。右半（根据取向你的大脑右侧）。对于大多数右手个人和左手的个人相当大的比重，空间，关系函数是在正确的半球。R-Mode. A state of information processing characterized assimultaneous, holistic, spatial, and relational.R-模式。对信息的状态处理为特点同时，全面，空间和关系。Scanning. In drawing, checking points, distances, degrees ofangles relative to vertical or horizontal, relative sizes,etc.扫描。在起草，检查点，距离，度角相对于垂直或水平，相对尺寸，等等Sighting. In drawing, measuring relative sizes by means of aconstant measure (the pencil held at arms length is themost usual measuring device); determining relativepoints in a drawingthe location of one part relative tosome other part. Also, determining angles relative to theconstants vertical and horizontal.照准。在图中，用的手段测量相对大小恒措施（敬而远之举行的铅笔是最普通的测量装置）;相对确定部分相对的一个到一个绘图位置的点其他部分。另外，确定角度相对于恒定的垂直和水平。Split-Brain Patients. Individuals who had been sufferingfrom intractable epileptic seizures and whose medicalproblems were relieved by a surgical operation. Theprocedure separates the two hemispheres by severingthe corpus callosum. The procedure is rarely done andsplit-brain patients are few in number.裂脑患者。谁曾患有个人顽固性癫痫发作，其医疗问题是由外科手术缓解。该过程分隔两个半球通过切断胼胝体。该过程很少这样做，并裂脑患者数量很少。States of Consciousness. A largely unresolved concept,consciousness is used in this book to mean the awareness,continually changing, of what passes in ones ownmind. An alternate state of consciousness is one that isperceived as noticeably different from ordinary, wakingconsciousness. Familiar alternate states are daydreaming,sleep dreaming, and meditation.意识状态。一个在很大程度上没有得到解决的概念，意识是用在这本书的意思意识，不断变化的，在己方什么通头脑。意识的另一种状态是一个是被视为与普通明显的不同，醒来意识。熟悉的备用状态白日梦，睡觉做梦，和冥想。Symbol System. In drawing, a set of symbols that are consistentlyused together to form an image, for example, afigure. The symbols are usually used in sequence, oneappearing to call forth another, much in the manner ofwriting familiar words, in which writing one letter leadsto writing the next. Symbol systems in drawn forms areusually set in childhood and often persist throughoutadulthood unless modified by learning new wa