综合教程4 Book 4 Unit 1教案.doc

Book Four (Integrated Course 4)Unit 1 Man and Nature Language Points1. realm: n. a country ruled over by a king or queen; a general area of knowledge, activity, or thoughte.g. The king had to call representatives of different classes of the realm into consultation upon the national economic crisis. T: The movie has brought children to a realm of imagination.影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。Collocations:public realm 公众领域e.g. He always projects an image of success in public realm.T: 他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。within the realms of possibility 有可能的It was actually within the realms of possibility. T: 这是完全有可能的。2. interact: vi. if people or things interact with each other, they affect each othere.g. Lucy interacts well with other children in the class.T: 所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。All things are interrelated and interact with each other.3. transform: vt. to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves it e.g. Increased population has transformed the landscape.T: 这部戏几乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演艺巨星。The play transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar.CF: change, convert & transform这些动词均有“变化，改变”之意。change 指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。 convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。transform 指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.(1) In order to transform their environment, he drew up the project. (2) Carbon dioxide can be converted into oxygen through the agency of plant. (3) Why do the leaves on trees change colour in autumn? (4) He always attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or belief. 4. convert: v. to change something into a different form of thing, or to change something so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different way e.g. They converted the spare bedroom into an office.In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.T: 他成功地让我接受了他的观点。He succeeded in converting me to his point of view.5. subdue: vt. gain control of, esp. by defeating e.g. For a century we laboured to settle and to subdue the continent.T: 警方设法制服了愤怒的人群。Police managed to subdue the angry crowd.NB: 该词的过去分词subdued可作形容词，意为“柔和的，减弱的，无精打采的”。例如：In the bar, there is subdued light and soft music. Richard seems very subdued tonight.6. discipline:(1) vt. train or develop, esp. in obedience and self-controle.g. Disciplining children takes patience and consistency.T: 不同文化中对于孩子的训导方式是不一样的。Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children.(2) n.1) a way of training someone so that they learn to control their behaviour and obey rules e.g. The book gives parents advice on discipline.2) an area of knowledge or teachinge.g. The information that has evolved in one discipline may permit exciting advancement in another.T: 她对营销这门学科的实践知识和强烈的求知欲给我留下了深刻的印象。I was greatly impressed by her practical knowledge of the discipline of marketing and her strong desire to learn more.Collocations: discipline problem纪律问题; discipline oneself自律; instill discipline into sb.灌输纪律观念7. compel: vt.make (a person or thing) do sth., by force, moral persuasion, or orders that must be obeyede.g. Our minds are so constructed that they compel us to view the external world in only one way.T: 法律要求雇主必须提供健康保险。The law compels employers to provide health insurance.CF: compel, force & oblige这些动词均含“迫使”之意。compel指在法律、权力、力量或行动等的驱使下被迫而为。例如:A parent may compel his child to do his lessons by threatening to suspend his allowance. T: 家长可能会采用威胁暂停津贴的办法迫使其子女学习。force指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做的事。例如:Government troops have forced the rebels to surrender. T: 政府军已经迫使叛乱者投降。oblige 指由于生理或道德上的需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威的人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫作出的反应。例如:Circumstances had obliged him to sell the business.T: 形势逼迫他卖掉公司。8. transfer: (1) v. move from one place, job, position, etc., to another e.g. Michael transferred from Company 6 to the Security Service.(2) n. e.g. Most of the bills are paid by electronic transfer.T: 权力的移交迅速而又和平地得以实现。The transfer of power was effected swiftly and peacefully.9. in fear of: in a state of fear aboute.g. Ordinary people lived in fear of being arrested by the secret police.T: 他们生活在不断的饥饿恐惧中。They live in continual fear of starvation.10. attain: vt. to succeed in achieving something after trying for a long timee.g. More women are attaining positions of power in public life.T: 他们最后一定能获得解放。Theyre sure to attain emancipation in the end.11. hostile: a. showing extreme dislike or disapproval; unfriendlye.g. Senator Lydon was hostile to our proposals.T: 工程进展得很慢，因为不少学者对普通人持敌对态度。The project proceeded slowly because many scholars were hostile to the common people.12. retreat: vi. move back or leave a center of fighting or other activity, esp. when forced to do soe.g. Perry lit the fuse and retreated to a safe distance.T: 从公众生活中隐退是不明智的。It was not a sensible choice to retreat from public life.CF: retire, retreat & withdraw这些动词均含“退下，退却”之意。retire指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。例如:I retired from teaching three years ago. T: 三年前我就不再教书了。retreat含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。The enemy was forced to retreat. T: 敌军被迫撤退了。withdraw强调因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指军队的撤退。As the troops withdraw , the entire city celebrated the liberation.T: 部队撤退时,整个城市欢庆解放。13. concerned: a. affected by something or worried about it; believing something is importante.g. All the people present are concerned with childrens education.T: 很多政客更关注的是权力和控制而不是人民的利益。Many politicians are more concerned with power and control than with the good of the people.Collocations: concerned with关注，关心；与相关; concerned about / for担心，关爱; concerned to do sth.专注于做某事; as far as is concerned 就而言14. ominous: a. making you feel that something bad is going to happene.g. The car is making an ominous rattling sound.T: 不祥的黑云预示着雷暴的到来。The ominous black clouds predicted the coming thunderstorm.15. acute: a. severe; very greate.g. The housing shortage is more acute than first thought.T: 一颗蛀牙可以引起强烈的疼痛。A bad tooth can cause acute pain.Collocations: acute disease 急性病; acute anxiety急剧焦虑; acute shortage严重短缺; acute sense敏锐的感觉; acute mind 机智的头脑16. substance: n. a material; type of matter e.g. The leaves were covered with a strange sticky substance.T: 大气中的有害物质威胁着人们的健康。Harmful substances in the atmosphere are threatening peoples health.17. complex: (1) a. consisting of many different parts and often difficult to understande.g. A complex highway system is to be established in order to enhance the national transportation. T: 随着我们的工业和社会环境变得更加错综复杂,供电可靠性方面的要求也与日俱增。The demands for reliability of power supply increase daily as our industrial and social environment becomes more complex.(2) n. a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purposee.g. They live in a three-story apartment complex.CF: complex, complicated, sophisticated & intricate这些形容词均含“复杂的”意思。complex 强调内在关系的复杂，需通过仔细研究与了解才能掌握和运用。complicated与complex的含义接近，但语气更强，着重极其复杂，很难分析、分辨或解释。sophisticated强调事物达到高级的程度所体现出的复杂性。intricate着重指错综复杂，令人迷惑不解。Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.1) Peter seemed to have a good understanding of the most complex/complicated issues. 2) Joan shows me the highly sophisticated computer software. 3) Mental illness is a very complicated subject. 4) The plot of the novel is intricate and fascinating. 5) The higher the level of competition, the more sophisticated the timing systems. 18. distinguish: v. makes someone or something different or speciale.g. The factor that distinguishes this company from the competition is customer service.His attorney argued that he could not distinguish between right and wrong.T: 他们找到了一种方法将癌细胞从正常组织中区分开来。They have found a method of distinguishing cancer cells from normal tissue.19. synthetic: a. produced by synthesizing; not naturally produced; artificiale.g. Among the synthetic fibres used in furnishing fabrics are nylon, polyester and acrylic.T: 我们已经学会了从自然界提取原材料创造新的合成材料。 We have learned to extract raw materials from nature to create new synthetic materials.20. glitter: vi. shine brightly with flashing points of lighte.g. The river glittered in the sunlight.T: 晨露在阳光下闪烁。The morning dews glitter in the sun.CF: flash, gleam & glitter这些动词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”之意。flash指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。例如：Lightning flashed overhead.T: 闪电在头顶闪光。gleam指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。例如：Day was by this time approaching, the west was dim, the east beginning to gleam. T: 这时，白昼逐渐到来，西面一片朦胧，东边开始熠熠发光。glitter指连续发出的闪烁不定的光。例如：His blue eyes glittered with anger.T: 他的蓝眼睛闪烁着愤怒的光芒。21. cycle:(1) n. a number of related events happening in a regularly repeated ordere.g. Sometimes the only way to break the cycle of violence in the home is for the wife to leave.(2) v. travel by bicycle; go through a series of related events again and againe.g. He cycles to work everyday.T: 水通过机器循环再利用。The water is cycled through the machine and reused.Collocations: break the cycle打破循环; cycling tour骑车环游; cycle lane / path / route自行车道; life cycle生命周期22. as yet: until nowe.g. The meeting will be held on an as yet undecided date.T: 我们到现在还没有科林的消息。Weve had no word from Colin as yet.23. theme: n. the main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film, etce.g. The books theme is the conflict between love and duty.T: 林奇的大部分画作是关于同一主题的不同变体。Most of Lynchs pictures were variations on the same theme.CF: issue, theme & topic这些名词均有“主题、话题”之意。issue指有争论、急需讨论研究的热点话题。theme正式用词，多指文学、艺术作品的主题或论文、演说的主题。topic 普