Asterisk的连接与管理.doc

Asterisk的管理方法很晚了，刚才稍微看了一下Asterisk的管理方法。现在想做一个记录。Asterisk有三种管理方法，最常用的当然是通过asterisk命令进入CLI模式对Asterisk进行管理。另外还有两种方法：1）用TCP协议，连接到5038端口，然后用AMI命令来管理Asterisk;2）用HTTP协议，连接到8080端口，通过WEB的形式对Asterisk进行管理；下面是基本的URL：http:/xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8088/static/config/index.html1. Asterisk命令行命令行是最常用的方法，执行的命令有两种：rootkernel asterisk# asterisk -rvvvvvv或者：rootkernel asterisk# rasterisk -vvvvvv其实都是通过UNIX的本地套接字连接到Asterisk的后台进程，然后进行管理。对应的套接字文件是：/var/run/asterisk/asterisk.ctl管理员可以配置cli_permissions.conf对操作系统用户登录asterisk进行授权。具体的授权方法就不在这里介绍，有兴趣的人可以看看cli_premissions.conf中的说明。rasterisk的作用基本上和asterisk r是一致的，不作特别介绍，只对Asterisk命令进行分析。下面是asterisk的帮助信息：rootkernel asterisk# asterisk -hAsterisk 11.0.0, Copyright (C) 1999 - 2012, Digium, Inc. and others.Usage: asterisk OPTIONSValid Options: -V Display version number and exit -C Use an alternate configuration file -G Run as a group other than the caller -U Run as a user other than the caller -c Provide console CLI -d Enable extra debugging -f Do not fork -F Always fork -g Dump core in case of a crash -h This help screen -i Initialize crypto keys at startup -I Enable internal timing if DAHDI timer is available -L Limit the maximum load average before rejecting new calls -M Limit the maximum number of calls to the specified value -m Mute debugging and console output on the console -n Disable console colorization -p Run as pseudo-realtime thread -q Quiet mode (suppress output) -r Connect to Asterisk on this machine -R Same as -r, except attempt to reconnect if disconnected -s Connect to Asterisk via socket (only valid with -r) -t Record soundfiles in /var/tmp and move them where they belong after they are done -T Display the time in Mmm dd hh:mm:ss format for each line of output to the CLI -v Increase verbosity (multiple vs = more verbose) -x Execute command (implies -r) -X Execute includes by default (allows #exec in asterisk.conf) -W Adjust terminal colors to compensate for a light background2. 使用AMI方法AMI方法是通过socket登录到Asterisk中，然后用AMI命令对Asterisk进行管理。通过这个管理接口，我们可以用某种编程语言开发出自己的Asterisk管理平台。实际上，很多基于GUI的管理平台也是通过这种方法对Asterisk进行管理。这种方法的配置文件是：manager.conf要使用这种方法，必须先要激活它，下面是配置文件中相关的配置内容：generalenabled = yeswebenabled = yesport = 5038bindaddr = adminsecret = adminread = system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,config,read,write,originatewrite = system,call,log,verbose,command,agent,config,read,write,originateadmin是AMI中定义的一个帐号，用户可以通过这个帐号登录到5038端口。Read/write是其读写权限，secret是帐号的密码。操作方式如下：rootkernel asterisk# telnet localhost 5038Trying .Connected to localhost.localdomain ().Escape character is .Asterisk Call Manager/1.3Action: LoginUsername: adminSecret: adminResponse: SuccessMessage: Authentication acceptedEvent: FullyBootedPrivilege: system,allStatus: Fully BootedAction: PingResponse: SuccessPing: PongTimestamp: 1355081826.774418红色部分是输入信息，命令结束时需要两次回车换行。3. WEB管理Web管理的配置文件是：http.conf要使用这种方法，需要修改下面配置内容：general; Whether HTTP/HTTPS interface is enabled or not. Default is no.; This also affects manager/rawman/mxml access (see manager.conf);enabled = yes; Address to bind to, both for HTTP and HTTPS. You MUST specify; a bindaddr in order for the HTTP server to run. There is no; default value.;bindaddr = 05; Port to bind to for HTTP sessions (default is 8088);bindport = 8088在Asterisk11这个版本中，WEB管理平台不能在IE9中正确运行，因此我使用了google浏览器。具体的登录路径类似于：http:/ xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:8088/static/config/index.html使用的帐号密码是manager.conf中定义的帐号密