高考英语二轮专题复习 提分训练“阅读理解”文化教育类（真题含解析）(1).doc

2014高考英语二轮专题复习 提分训练“阅读理解”文化教育类（2012年真题，含解析）passage 1 (2012北京b)peanuts to thisproudly reading my words,i glanced around the room,only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.confused,i glanced toward my stone-faced teacher.having no choice,i slowly raised the report i had slaved over,hoping to hide myself.“what could be causing everyone to act this way?”quickly,i flashed back to the day miss lancelot gave me the task.this was the first real talk i received in my new school.it seemed simple:go on the internet and find information about a man named george washington.since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country,i had never heard of that name before.as i searched the name of this fellow,it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! one invented hundreds of uses for peanuts,while the other led some sort of army across america.i stared at the screen,wondering which one my teacher meant.i called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice:flip(掷) a coin.headsthe commander,and tailsthe peanuts guy.ah!tails,my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter,george washington carver.weeks later,standing before this unfriendly mass,i was totally lost.oh well,i lowered the paper and sat down at my desk,burning to find out what i had done wrong.as a classmate began his report,it all became clear,“my report is on george washington,the man who started the american revolution.”the whole world became quiet! how could i know that she meant that george washington?obviously,my grade was awful.heartbroken but fearless,i decided to turn this around,i talked to miss lancelot,but she insisted:no re-dos;no new grade.i felt that the punishment was not justified,and i believed i deserved a second chance.consequently,i threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year.ten months later,that chance unfolded as i found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather,now having an entirely different conversation.i smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade.justice is sweet!【文章大意】作者初来美国新学校时,由于对美国历史不熟悉,学习成绩极差,面临留级的危险,但作者并没有消极地接受现实,而是发愤图强,终于获得了成功。60.what did the authors classmates think about his report?a.controversial.b.ridiculous.c.boring.d.puzzling.【解析】选b。细节理解题。由第一段第一句的.only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.可知,同学们觉得他的报告非常滑稽。61.why was the author confused about the task?a.he was unfamiliar with american history.b.he followed the advice and flipped a coin.c.he forgot his teachers instruction.d.he was new at the school.【解析】选a。细节理解题。由第二段第四句since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home country, i had never heard of that name before.可知,作者对美国历史不熟悉。62.the underlined word “burning” in para.3 probably means .a.annoyedb.ashamedc.readyd.eager【解析】选d。词义猜测题。由上文可知,作者很困惑,不知道同学们和老师为什么会有那样的反应,所以当他坐回座位上时,非常渴望知道自己哪儿做错了。annoyed苦恼的;ashamed羞愧的;ready乐意的;eager渴望的。63.in the end,the author turned things around .a.by redoing his taskb.through his own effortsc.with the help of his grandfather d.under the guidance of his headmaster【解析】选b。推理判断题。由最后一段可知,在学年开始时,校长曾通知作者要留级,但经过作者十个月的全身心地努力学习之后,校长与作者又有了截然不同的谈话。由此可知,作者通过自身的努力扭转了形势。【长难句分析】as i searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different!分析：本句是个复合句。as引导的是时间状语从句;it为形式主语,that引导的是主语从句;在that引导的主语从句中,还有一个who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词people。译文：当我搜这个家伙的名字时,很显然有两个人的名字一样,而这两个人看起来是截然不同的。passage 2 (2012湖北卷b)when my brother and i were young, my mom would take us on transportation days.it goes like this:you cant take any means of transportation more than once.we would start from home,walking two blocks to the rail station.wed take the train into the city center,then a bus,switching to the tram,then maybe a taxi.we always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district,but we didnt like the way the horses were treated,so we never did.at the end of the day,we took the subway to our closest station,where moms friend was waiting to give us a ride homeour first car ride of the day.the good thing about transportation days is not only that mom taught us how to get around.she was born to be multimodal(多方式的).she understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidencethe product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform,nothing is frightening anymore.new cities are just light-rail lines to be explored.and your personal car,if you have one,becomes just one more tool in the toolboxand often an inadequate one,limiting both your mobility and your wallet.on transportation days,we might stop for lunch on chestnut street or buy a new book or toy,but the transportation was the point.first,it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window.as i got older,my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself:how do i know where to get off?how do i know how much it costs?how do i know when i need tickets,and where to get them?what track,what line,which direction,wheres the stop,and will i get wet when we go under the river?im writing this right now on an airplane,a means we didnt try on our transportation days and,we now know,the dirtiest and most polluting of them all.my flight routed me through philadelphia.my multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport.she took a train to meet me.【文章大意】在我们小的时候,妈妈经常带我们进行“transportation days”,即在一次旅程中任何交通工具的使用都不能超过一次。我们从中获益甚多。55. which was forbidden by mom on transportation days?a. having a car ride.b. taking the train twice.c. buying more than one toy.d. touring the historic district.【解析】选b。细节理解题。文章第二段第一句it goes like this: you cant take any means of transportation more than once.可知,任何交通工具的使用都不能超过一次。所以正确选项为b。56. according to the writer, what was the greatest benefit of her transportation days?a. building confidence in herself.b. reducing her use of private cars.c. developing her sense of direction.d. giving her knowledge about vehicles.【解析】选a。细节理解题。由文章第三段内容可知transportation days的益处不仅仅是教会我们怎样四处游逛,更重要的是妈妈认为只依靠轿车这一种交通工具会造成孩子想像力和自信的丧失。由此可知正确选项为a。57.the underlined word “paralyzed”(in para.5) is closest in meaning to “”.a.displayed b.justified c.ignored d.ruined【解析】选d。词义猜测题。根据语境as i got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself.可知选d。display陈列,展示;justify证明合法;ignore忽视;ruin毁坏。58. which means of transportation does the writer probably disapprove of?a.airplane. b.subway. c.tram. d. car.【解析】选a。推理判断题。由文中最后一段中im writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didnt try on our transportation days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all.可知,作者认为飞机是目前所知道的最脏的,也是所有的交通工具中最具污染的一种交通方式,进一步推知在airplane,subway,tram和car中作者很可能不赞成乘坐的交通工具应该是airplane。【长难句分析】at the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where moms friend was waiting to give us a ride homeour first car ride of the day.分析：句中where moms friend was waiting to give us a ride homeour first car ride of the day.是由where引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词station;其中破折号起进一步解释说明的作用。译文：在这一天结束的时候,我们乘坐地铁到达最近的车站,在那里妈妈的朋友等着开车送我们回家这是我们一天中第一次坐上轿车。passage 3 (2012湖北卷c)it was a simple letter asking for a place to study at scotlands oldest university which helped start a revolution in higher education.a 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at st andrews university has been discovered by researchers.written by sophia jex-blake in 1873,the seven-page document,which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution,was released yesterday on international womens day.the document was discovered buried in the university archives(档案)by part-time history student lis smith,who is completing her phd at st andrews institute of scottish historical research.she said:“we knew that sophia jex-blake and her supporters,in their effort to open up university medical education for women,had written to the senatus academicus(校评议委员会)at st andrews in an attempt to gain permission to attend classes there,but we didnt know documentary evidence existed.while searching the archives for information about the universitys higher certificate for women,i was astonished to come across what must be the very letter jex-blake wrote.”in the letter,sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at st andrews.although her letter was not successful,it eventually led to the establishment of the ladies literate in arts at st andrews,a distance-learning degree for women.the qualification,which ran from 1877 until the 1930s,gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students.it was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to st andrews in 1892.ms jex-blake went on to help establish the london school of medicine for women in 1874.she was accepted by the university of berne,where she was awarded a medical degree in january 1877.eventually,she moved back to edinburgh and opened her own practice.【文章大意】圣安德鲁斯大学一名学生无意中在档案中发现了一封140年前的信,为我们打开了创办女子医学院的历史大门。59.sophia wrote a letter to st andrews university because she wanted.a.to carry out a research project thereb.to set up a medical institute therec.to study medicine thered.to deliver lectures there【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据文中第一段的a 140-year-old letter written by a lady calling for her to be allowed to study medicine at st andrews university.以及written by sophia jex-blake in 1873.可知sophia jex-blake写信的目的是希望得到允许在圣安德鲁斯大学学习医学。60.lis smith found sophias letter to st andrews university.a.by pure chanceb.in the school officec.with her supporters helpd.while reading history books【解析】选a。推理判断题。根据文中第二段的the document was discovered buried in the university archives by part-time history student lis smith.及该段中的.but we didnt know documentary evidence existed.可知,人们根本不知道这封信的存在,可推知发现这封信纯粹是偶然,故正确选项为a。61.sophias letter resulted in the establishment of.a.the london school of medicine for womenb.a degree programme for womenc.a system of medical educationd.the university of berne【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据第三段的although her letter was not successful, it eventually led to the establishment of the ladies literate in arts at st andrews, a distance-learning degree for women.可知那封信虽然没达到预先的目的,但是促成了the ladies literate in arts的成立。62. when did st andrews university begin to take full-time women students?a. in 1873. b. in 1874. c. in 1877. d. in 1892.【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句的.after women were admitted as full students to st andrews in 1892.可知女子可作为该校的full students始于1892年。【长难句分析】written by sophia jex-blake in 1873, the seven-page document, which urged the university to allow women to study medicine at the institution, was released yesterday on international womens day.分析：句中written by sophia jex-blake in 1873是过去分词短语作定语,which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词document。译文：sophia jex-blake于1873年写的那份七页的文件,在昨天国际三八妇女节这天披露出来,该文件强烈要求允许女子在圣安德鲁斯大学学习医学。passage 4 (2012江苏d)franz kafka wrote that “a book must be the ax (斧子) for the frozen sea inside us.”i once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders, and it didnt seem to require any explanation.wed just finished john steinbecks novel of mice and men.when we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did i.“are you crying?”one girl asked, as she got out of her chair to take a closer look. “i am,”i told her, “and the funny thing is ive read it many times.”but they understood.when george shoots lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen.in my 14 years of teaching in a new york city public middle school, ive taught kids with imprisoned parents, abusive parents, irresponsible parents; kids who are parents themselves; kids who are homeless; kids who grew up in violent neighborhoods.they understand, more than i ever will, the novels terrible logicthe giving way of dreams to fate (命运).for the last seven years, i have worked as a reading enrichment teacher, reading classic works of literature with small groups of students from grades six to eight.i originally proposed this idea to my headmaster after learning that a former excellent student of mine had transferred out of a selective high schoolone that often attracts the literary-minded children of manhattans upper classesinto a less competitive setting.the daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates.i thought additional “cultural capital” could help students like her develop better in high school, where they would unavoidably meet, perhaps for the first time, students who came from homes lined with bookshelves, whose parents had earned ph.d.s.along with of mice and men, my groups read: sounder, the red pony, lord of the flies, romeo and juliet and macbeth.the students didnt always read from the expected point of view. about the red pony, one student said,“its about being a man, its about manliness.”i had never before seen the parallels between scarface and macbeth, nor had i heard lady macbeths soliloquies (独白) read as raps (说唱), but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious. once introduced to steinbecks writing, one boy went on to read the grapes of wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that “all these people hate each other, and theyre all white.”his historical view was broadening, his sense of his own country deepening.year after year, former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes.year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests.we are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts, not for emotional punch (碰撞) but for text complexity.yet, we cannot enrich (充实) the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts.we are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse.we may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.【文章大意】文章主要讲老师教学生文学阅读的感受。老师介绍以前教学生文学阅读时对学生的情感触动,指出现在一些注重字词与测试的文学阅读教学方法不利于学生的发展。66.the underlined words in paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to.a.realize our dreamsb.give support to our lifec.smooth away difficultiesd.awake our emotions【解析】选d。推理判断题。本句运用了明喻和暗喻的写作手法,从第一段推测难度较大,根据最后一段中的 we cannot enrich the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts可知作者在之前谈到的教授文学阅读时侧重于学生的情感体验,因此可以推断出答案为d。67.why were the students able to understand the novel of mice and men?a.because they spent much time reading it.b.because they had read the novel before.c.because they came from a public school.d.because they had similar life experiences.【解析】选d。推理判断题。根据第三段可以推断出。68.the girl left the selective high school possibly because.a.she was a literary-minded girlb.her parents were immigrantsc.she couldnt fit in with her classd.her father was then in prison【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第四段中的she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates可知她不能适应班级。69.to the authors surprise, the students read the novels.a.creativelyb.passivelyc.repeatedlyd.carelessly【解析】选a。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段the students didnt always read from the expected point of view. about the red pony, one student said, “its about being a man, its about manliness.” i had never before seen the parallels between scarface and macbeth, nor had i heard lady macbeths soliloquies read as raps 可以推断出学生进行创造性阅读,提出了一些老师自己没有想到的观点。70.the author writes the passage mainly to.a.introduce classic works of literatureb.advocate teaching literature to touch the heartc.argue for equality among high school studentsd.defend the current testing system【解析】选b。主旨大意题。根据文章大意,尤其是首尾两段可以推断出作者提倡文学阅读教学应该触动学生心灵。【长难句分析】1.when we read the end together out loud in class, my toughest boy, a star basketball player, wept a little, and so did i.分析：so did i为倒装句,表示“我也如此”。译文：当我们一起在课堂上大声朗读故事的结尾时,班级里最调皮的男孩一个篮球明星哭了,我也哭了。2. we may succeed in raising test scores, but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them.分析：that. and that. 是teach them的并列宾语从句。译文：我们也许能够成功地提高学生的考试成绩,但是我们不能使学生明白阅读具有改造作用,阅读属于他们。passage 5 (2012辽宁c)if confucius(孔子)were still alive today and could celebrate his september 28 birthday with a big cake,there would be a lot of candles.hed need a fan or a strong wind to help him put them out.while many people in china will remember confucius on his special day,few people in the united states will give him a passing thought.its nothing personal.most americans dont even remember the birthdays of their own national heroes.but this doesnt mean that americans dont care about confucius.in many ways he has become a bridge that foreigners must cross if they want to reach a deeper understanding of china.in the past two decades,the chinese studies programs have gained huge popularity in western universities.more recently,the chinese government has set up confucius institutes in more than 80 countries.these schools teach both chinese language and culture.the main courses of chinese culture usually include chinese art,history and philosophy(哲学).some social scientists suggest that westerners should take advan