备战3013新课标高考 甘肃高考研讨会英语资料10 动词时态.doc

（一）一般现在时1、 表示将来的动作1） 通常用在状语从句中。如：Ill give it to him as soon as he comes back.Ill go with you to the cinema this afternoon if Im free.2） 用于表将来意义的宾语从句中。如：Ill make sure that you dont get lost.2、表计划内将发生的动作或状态。如：come, go, leave, start, set off等。句中须有表示将来的时间状语。如：The plane arrives at six.The delegation leaves for America tomorrow.Next Christmas falls on a Thursday.3、在图片说明、剧本动作说明等句子里，或在体育解说中。如：Mary puts down the telephone.4、表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：Here comes the bus.There goes the bell.Now comes your turn.5、客观真理。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.6、可以用来表示过去的动作。如：I hear that your brother has written another book.Oh, I forget your address.句中hear和forget的动作发生在过去，但在说话人头脑中动作发生的时间显得不很重要。可以这样使用的动词还有：say, tell, learn, see, read, find等。（二）一般过去时。主要用在虚拟语气中。如：I wish I knew the answer.She loves the child as if he were her own.Its time you had a holiday.Id rather you went now.（三） 现在进行时1、表示计划、安排中近期将发生的动作。如：go, come, leave, arrive, return, start等。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：We are leaving on Sunday afternoon.Are you staying here till next month?Mr. Johnson is leaving for Chicago tomorrow.2、表示某种带有感情色彩的现阶段经常发生的动作。句中常有always, continually, frequently等词。如：You are always saying Im growing so fast.You are continually finding fault with me.3、表示刚刚发生的动作，这种用法只限于口语中的tell, say, talk等。 如：I dont know what you are talking about.You know I am telling the truth.4、一时的表现。如：You are not being modest.He is being silly.She is being friendly.（四） 过去完成时1、在虚拟句中表示和过去实事相反的意思。如：They talked as if they had been friends for years.If only she had known about it.2、用于I wish, Id rather等结构后的分句中。I wish I had known the answer.I would rather you had told her the truth.3、用于某些动词，如：expect, think, intend, mean, suppose中，表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图等。I had thought that he had died at least twenty years ago.I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time.（五）一般将来时除shall/will以外，还可以用以下结构来表示将来。Shall用于第一人称，will用于所有人称。它们表示“单纯的将来”或“带意愿色彩的将来”。如：I shall/will be 20 tomorrow.I wont do it.1、be going toWho is going to speak first?There is going to be a new film tonight.2、be+to do All these things are to be answered for.He is to fail.3、be about toHe is about to retire.（六）现在完成时1、可以用在表示时间或条件的状语从句中，表示将来某时业已完成的动作。Well start at five oclock if it has stopped raining by then.I will give my opinion when I have read the book through.Youll get to know the subject after you have studied it for some time.2、可以预知连用的状语（1）不确定的过去时间状语，如：already, yet, before, recently, just等。（2）包括说话时刻在内的一段过去时间的状语，如：today, this morning, this week, this month等。（3）频度副词，如：always, often, never, ever, once, twice等。I have already explained that to you.Have you seen her today?He has always liked her.3、现在完成时中瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用。如：His father has died for three years.My elder brother has joined the party for two months.He has come here for two weeks.She has married for six years.以上句子可以用其它方式来表达：1. His father died three years ago. It is three years since his father died. His father has been dead for three years.2. My elder brother joined the party two months ago. It is two months since my elder brother joined the party. My elder brother has been a party member for two months.3. He came here two weeks ago. It is two weeks since he came here. He has been here for two weeks.4. She married six years ago. It is six years since she married. She has been married for six years.但在否定句中，瞬间动词可以和一段时间状语连用。如：I havent come here for two weeks.She hasnt married for six years.（七）从句时态不受约束的几种情况：1、从句表达的是客观真理或自然现象。如：Long ago, people did not know that the earth goes around the sun.2、从句表示经常性、