Unit 4 Public transport Grammar 教学设计 3.doc

Unit 4 Public transport Grammar 教学设计 3Step 1: General introductionLets have a try, everyone! Can you give me correct answers to the following sentences?高考链接1. My cousin came to see me from the country， me a full basket of fresh fruits(2006安徽)A. brought B. bringingC. to bring D. had brought2. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy， saying that he was not the one . (2006安徽)A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed3. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things， think again.(2006湖南)A. getsB. got C. to get D. getting4. As the twentieth century came to a close， the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand， waiting _.(2006湖南)A. to useB. to be used C. to have used D. to be using5. To a room above the store， where a party _， some workers were busily setting the table. (2006湖南) A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held6. Dont respond to any e-mails personal information， no matter how official they look.(2006天津)A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning7. _for the breakdown of the school computer network， Alice was in low spirits.(2006福建)A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed8. It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration.(2006陕西)A. to acceptB. acceptC. acceptingD. accepted答案：1-5 BCDBA 6-8 CBCWell done！ Today well learn a new Grammar itemPARTICIPLESThe grammar item in this unit focuses on verb-ed and verb-ing， both of which are also called participles. You will review the functions of verb-ed and verb-ing in different situations. You are expected to apply what you learn to practice by fulfilling some written tasks.Step 2: Explanation:1. 分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词构成为V+ing， 过去分词构成为V+ed。分词也有一般式、过去式、完成式及主动和被动等各种形式。2. 现在分词和过去分词的区别1) 在时态上，现在分词表示正在进行，而过去分词表示已经完成。 Developing countries 发展中国家 The developed countries 发达国家Boiling water 沸腾的水 Boiled water 开水2) 在语态上，现在分词表示主动，而过去分词表示被动。The oppressing class 压迫阶级 The oppressed class 被压迫阶级 Burning fire 燃烧的火焰 Burned skin 烧伤的皮肤3. 分词的时态与语态1) 一般式(主动、被动)分词的一般式的主动式所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。其被动式表示这个动作正在发生或与谓语动作同时发生，主要作定语、状语或宾补。E.g. When I entered the room， I found him reading. 当我进入房间时，我发现他在读书。 I found the flowers watered. 我发现花已浇过了。 The building being repaired is a hospital. 正在修建的建筑物是一家医院。 He found the matter being talked everywhere. 他发现到处都在谈论这件事。 Being surrounded， the enemy were forced to put down their guns. 敌人被包围，不得不缴械投降。2) 完成式(主动、被动)分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。完成时态的分词在句中常作状语，一般不作定语。E.g. Not having made adequate preparation， we postponed the sports meet. 由于没做好充分的准备，我们推迟了运动会。 Having been given such a good chance， how could he give it up？ 给了这样好的机会，他怎能放弃呢？3) 现在分词的被动式与过去分词的区别过去分词表示动作已完成，不强调时间概念，而现在分词的被动式强调某一动作正在进行中。E.g. The building repaired is library. 修建过的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。 The building being repaired is our library. 正在修建的那个建筑物是我们的图书馆。4) 延续性动词和终止性动词的现在分词在时间含义上的区别延续性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个过去进行时时态的句子，而终止性动词的现在分词结构相当于一个一般过去时的从句。E.g. Walking in the street the other day (=While I was walking in the street the other day)， I came across an old friend of mine. 那天我在马路上走时，突然碰到了我的一个老朋友。 Arriving at the airport (=When I arrived at the airport)， I found my light had taken off. 到达机场时，我发现我的班机已经起飞了。4. 分词的独立结构分词(短语)作状语时，尽管在形式上它没有主语，但其逻辑上的主语必须和谓语动词的主语保持一致。E.g. Studying in the college (=When I studied in the college)， I learned a lot from my teachers.在大学学习时，我从老师那里学到了很多东西。但是，分词有时也有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为分词的独立结构。它可以表示时间，原因，条件，伴随的动作，有时还可用介词with， without 来引导。E.g. His mother being ill， he is absent today. 他的母亲病了，他今天没来。(原因)Time permitting， they will start to do a new job. 如果时间允许，他们会开始做一项新工作。(条件)He rushed into the room， his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地冲进了房间。(伴随) They traveled a whole day， without any food eaten. 他们饿着肚子旅行了一整天。(伴随)注意：分词用于独立结构时，如果分词是being， having been done形式时，没有实际意义的being或having been可以省略。E.g. The old man was in a bad condition， his temperature (being) over 40 and his pulse (being) weak and rapid. 那位老人处于不好的状况，他的体温超过40，脉搏既弱又快。 The report (having been) read， a discussion began. 读完报告，开始讨论。 The experiment (having been) finished， we left the lab and went home. 实验结束后，我们离开了实验室回家了。Step 3: Practice:1. Lets look at Part A on page 57. In this part， youll read a newspaper article about car pollution. You need to find out the participles used in the article and identify their functions. Write attr for an attribute and adv for an adverbial above each participle phrase.Answersleading attr released attr increasing attr breathing attrnoticing adv breathing related attr caused attr realizing adv2. Now， please turn to Part B on page 57. By doing this part， youll have another chance to practise using the participles. Answers(1) pleased (2) interesting (3) confusing (4) annoying (5) amused(6) tired (7) surprising (8) relaxing (9) excited (10) disappointedStep 4: Exercises:A. Complete the following English sentences according to the Chinese given in the brackets.1. _ (由于已经被翻译成多种外语)， the book is popular all over the world.2. The students went out of the examination spot with _ (失望的表情).3. The tower _ (矗立在山顶之上) was built more than 200 years ago.4. When _ (穿越街道)， you can never be too careful.5. _ (由于还没有收到) his mothers letter， he was very worried and wrote another.B. Fill in the blanks with the words in the brackets in their proper forms.1. _ (give) more time， he will make a first class tennis player.2. _ (hear) that Li Yuchun will give a performance in the city， he got very excited.3. My grandfather always tells me that the _ (labour) people are the wisest people in the world.4. _ (be) a student in the new century， we should know what is honourable behavior and what is shameful.5. When hearing the news that France was defeated in the World Cup， he felt _ (disappoint) because he likes the team very much.6. He sent the company another e-mail， _ (hope) to get further information about the job.7. Unless _ (invite) to speak， you should remain silent at the conference.8. Generally speaking， when _ (take) according to the directions， the drug has no side effect.9. Dont use words， expressions， or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.10. _ (depend) on the nature of materials， some waste can be thrown into the sea， but some cant.C. Multiple choice:1. _ at failing in the math exam， John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents. A. DisappointedB. To be disappointedC. DisappointingD. Having disappointed2. The performance of the host， _ to please the audience and draw their attention， was greeted with a cold silence， however. A. had intendedB. intendedC. intendingD. to intend3. What did the doctor say yesterday afternoon？ -He said， “_ on time， this medicine will be quite effective.” A. TakingB. Being takenC. TakenD. Having taken4. The eighteen-storied building， when _， will shut out the sun _ up the rooms in my house. A. completed； lighted B. completing； lightingC. completing； lighted D. completed； lighting 5. At the end of 2002， there were around 3，000 foreign printing companies in China， _ up around 2 percent of national total. A. madeB. to makeC. makingD. having made6. _ into use in April 2000， the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. PutB. PuttingC. Having putD. Being put7. _ in the mountains for a week， the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing8. It shames me to say it， but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioningB. having C. questionedD. to be questioned9. Alice returned from the managers office， _ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. A. having told B. tellsC. to tellD. telling10. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worryAnswers A.1. Having been translated into several foreign languages2. disappointed expression3. standing on top of the hill 4. crossing the street5. Not having receivedB.1. Given2. Hearing3. labouring4. Being5. disappointed6. hoping 7. invited 8. taken9. known10. DependingC. 1-5 ABCDD 6-10 ABCDAStep 5: Consolidation:高考链接1. Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _？(2004上海春)A. to be buying B. to buyC. for buying D. bought2. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004上海春)A. his being not ableC. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able3. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. (2006湖南)A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover4. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class， he would answer carelessly， always _ the same thing. (2006江苏) A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said5. Generally speaking， _ according to the directions， the drug has no side effect(2003上海)A. when taking B. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken6. _ the meeting himself gave himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.(2003上海春)A. The president will attendB. The president to attendC. The president attendedD. The presidents attending7. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live.(2003上海)A. to have playedB. to playC. to be playedD. to be playing8. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.(2002全国)A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it9. _ with so much trouble， we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川) A. FacedB. Face C. Facing D. To face10. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. (2006上海)A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait11. With a lot of difficult problems _， the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002上海)A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled12. - There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.(2006江苏) - My goodness！ I cant imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been 13. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.(2001上海)A. to have had time B. having timeC. to have timeD. to having time14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (2002全国) A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out15. Mary， _ here-everybody else， stay where you are. (2006年全国I)A. comeB. comesC. to comeD. coming16. Faced with a bill for $10，000， _.(2006陕西)A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job17. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets has been sold out.(2006陕西)A. to be toldB. to tellC. toldD. telling18. When _ different cultures， we often pay attention only to