高中英语 第一单元过关检测 新人教版必修5.doc

第一单元过关检测(时间:90满分:120).阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共12小题;每小题2.5分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从各题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中,选出最佳选项。alisameitnerin 1939 an english physicist received a strange cable(电报)named maud ray from sweden,and it seemed to make no sense.but he knew the woman who sent the cableshe was lisa meitner,a famous physicist.she had a doctors degree and in 1908 shed gone to work in berlin.there was another young physicist named otto hahn,her close colleague.women werent allowed to work in the laboratory,so hahn and meitner had created their own lab in a carpenters shop.they worked on nuclear fission(裂变)until ww.then meitner joined the austrian army as an x-ray technician.but she kept working with hahn whenever they both could get away on leave.by 1918 theyd created a new element they called protactinium(镤).by the end of the war,meitner was made head of the physics department at a college in berlin.there she and hahn went to work on radiation(放射).it was finally meitner who realized what great energy was released in uranium(铀)nuclear fission.but she was jewish.she found a twisted path out of germany.she fled first to holland,then to copenhagen,and finally got to sweden.there she published a clear explanation of nuclear fission energy in 1939.her aims had nothing to do with bombs,but her paper started to draw the attention of bomb-making efforts among the warring nations.later in 1939 she sent that strange cable to her friend in england.and he understood the name maud ray to be the code for radium,which warned him that the germans were storing radium.years later,meitner became the first woman to receive a share of the fermi award for her physics contributions to the bomb she never wanted to make.she was 88 and begged offsaid she wasnt up to the trip,so glenn seaborg,a chemist,went to london and brought the prize to her.1.who is english physicist that received the strange cable sent by lisa meitner?a.maud ray.b.without mention.c.otto hahn.d.glenn seaborg.提示:细节理解题。文章只提到有位英国物理学家得到了电报,但没有提到他的名字,所以选b项;而maudray是电报的名字,ottohahn是她的同事,glennseaborg是帮她领奖的人,都不是接受电报的那位科学家。答案:b2.what is the greatest contribution made by lisa meitner in her field?a.the creation of protactinium.b.the warning of the ww.c.the discovery of nuclear fission.d.the instruction of bomb making.提示:推理判断题。文章提到她在科学领域的发明和贡献是发现了核裂变,这由第三段的末句“itwasfinallymeitnerwhorealizedwhatgreatenergywasreleasedinuranium(铀)nuclearfission.”可以推断,有关镤元素的合成以及一战的警告,不能作为最大的贡献,所以排除a项和b项;由文章提到的“forherphysicscontributionstothebombsheneverwantedtomake”可以推断选项d的叙述不对。答案:c3.according to the writer,what kind of person is lisa meitner out of the field of the science?a.a peace lover.b.a friendly person.c.a brave fighter.d.a skilled technician.提示:主旨大意题。从作者的写作意图,尤其她发电报提醒说德国正在储备核原料,警告战争的爆发来判断,作者想要突出表现的是她“爱好和平”的品德。答案:a4.what can we infer from the passage?a.lisa meitner sent the cable to tell about her paper of nuclear fission.b.lisa meitner got much help from the government of germany and sweden.c.lisa meitner was forced to leave from her homeland for the racial reason.d.lisa meitner was very proud of being given the fermi award prize.提示:推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段的“andheunderstoodthenamemaudraytobethecodeforradium,whichwarnedhimthatthegermanswerestoringradium.”可以推断选项a错误。电报的内容是告知德国储存核原料;由第二段中的“womenwerentallowedtoworkinthelaboratory”推断选项b错误;由文章末段首句推断选项d错误,而由第四段的“butshewasjewish.shefoundatwistedpathoutofgermany.shefledfirsttoholland,thentocopenhagen,andfinallygottosweden.”可以推断由于种族原因,她不得不搬迁,所以选c项。答案:cbscience cant explain the power of pets,but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack,reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings.for some,an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife.a 2002 study by karen allen of the state university of new york measured stress(紧张) levels and blood pressure in peoplehalf of them pet ownerswhile they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic(心算) or held a hand in ice water.subjects completed the tasks alone,with a husband/wife,a close friend or with a pet.people with pets did it best.those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates.with pets in the room,people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions.it seems people feel more relaxed around pets,says allen,who thinks it may be because pets dont judge.a study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits.researchers at northwestern memorial hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program.on average,people lost about 11 pounds,or 5%of their body weight.dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but,say researchers,got more exercise overallmostly with their dogsand found it worth doing.5.the underlined word “subjects” refers to .a.what students learned at schoolb.people that were studiedc.those who had pets with themd.those people without pets提示:词义猜测题。由上下文意义可知,此处的subjects应该指参加这项研究的人。答案:b6.why did the people do better with pets around when facing stressful tasks?a.because they have lower blood pressure.b.because they become more patient.c.because they are less nervous.d.because they are in higher spirits.提示:细节理解题。由第二段最后一句话“itseemspeoplefeelmorerelaxedaroundpets,saysallen,whothinksitmaybebecausepetsdontjudge.”可知,人们在宠物面前似乎更放松,不那么紧张。答案:c7.the research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that .a.people with dogs did more exerciseb.dogs lost the same weight as people didc.dogs liked exercise much more than people didd.people without dogs found the program unhelpful提示:细节理解题。由文章第三段的“dogownersdidntloseanymoreweightthanthosewithoutdogsbut,sayresearchers,gotmoreexerciseoverallmostlywiththeirdogsandfounditworthdoing.”可知答案。答案:a8.what does the text mainly discuss?a.what pets bring to their owners.b.how pets help people calm down.c.peoples opinions of keeping pets.d.pets value in medical research.提示:主旨大意题。文章第一段就告诉我们宠物的陪伴能降血压、增加心脏病康复的机会,降低孤独感等等,这应该是宠物给我们带来的东西。答案:aclinus pauling,the only person who has won two undivided nobel prizes,was born in portland,oregon.he attended washington high school but because of an unimportant detail he did not receive his diploma until 1962,long after he had received his bachelors degree in chemical engineering from oregon state college in 1922.he had chosen to study this major because he could get a good job with it.he won the nobel prize for chemistry in 1954 for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the explanation of the structure of complex substances.his interest in the “behaviour” of molecules(分子) led him from physical chemistry to biological chemistry,especially of the human body.he began with proteins and their main parts,the amino acids(氨基酸),which are called the “building blocks of life”.in 1950,he constructed the first satisfactory model of a protein molecule,a discovery very important to the understanding of the living cell.during world war,pauling was a member of the research board for national security,for which he was awarded the presidential medal of merit in 1948.however,the use of the atomic bomb near the end of the war turned pauling in a new direction.having long worked on the structure of molecules,he took an immediate interest in the deadly effects of nuclear fallout on human molecular structures.from then on,pauling protested the production of the hydrogen bomb and supported the prevention of the spread of nuclear weapons.through his efforts,thenuclear-test-bantreaty,declaring all nuclear tests to be illegal except underground ones,came into effect on october 10,1963,the same day linus pauling was awarded the nobel prize for peace.9.from the first paragraph,we learn that linus pauling.a.didnt study hard while in washington high schoolb.is the only scientist who has won two nobel prizesc.was once badly treated in washington high schoold.chose to study chemical engineering to earn his living提示:细节理解题。选项a的错误在于第一段中提到linuspauling一开始没有获得washingtonhighschool的毕业证书是因为一个无关紧要的细节,这并不能说明他学习不好,同时这也不代表学校对他不好,因此选项a、c两项错误;根据第一句可知linuspauling是唯一一个独立获得两项诺贝尔奖的科学家,而不是唯一获得过两个诺贝尔奖的人,因此b项错误。根据第一段中的“hehadchosentostudythismajorbecausehecouldgetagoodjobwithit.”可知d项正确。答案:d10.which of the following things did pauling pay much attention to at first?a.the “behaviour” of molecules.b.physical chemistry.c.biological chemistry.d.the human body.提示:细节推断题。根据第二段中的“hisinterestinthe“behaviour”ofmolecules(分子)ledhimfromphysicalchemistrytobiologicalchemistry,especiallyofthehumanbody.”可知他最初的研究主题是物理化学。答案:b11.during world war ,linus pauling.a.had to stop his research because of the warb.made great contributions to the safety of the countryc.joined the army to fight for the safety of the countryd.took part in researching nuclear bombs提示:推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知linuspauling在战争期间为国家的安全作出过很大的贡献,因此获得了总统颁发的勋章。注意d项,linuspauling研究的是核弹对人体分子结构的致命危害,而不是研究核弹。答案:b12.which of the following is legal according to thenuclear-test-bantreaty?a.the use of nuclear weapons.b.testing hydrogen bomb on the ground.c.testing nuclear weapons underground.d.the production of hydrogen bombs.提示:细节推断题。根据最后一段中的“throughhisefforts,thenuclear-test-bantreaty,declaringallnuclearteststobeillegalexceptundergroundones.”可知禁止核试验条约宣称除了可以进行地下核武器试验,其他的都被认为是违法的。答案:c第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。for over one hundred and fifty years,americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans.13 whether they are worn for work or for fashion today.strauss invention continues to be popular not only among americans but also among people around the world.levi strauss was born in germany in 1829.14he grew up in kentucky before moving to new york in 1847.before becoming an american citizen and moving to the west in 1853,strauss worked in his brothers dry goods business.this gave him a chance to produce his famous invention.after the gold rush of 1949,strauss decided to move to the west to seek his fortune.strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals.instead,he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners.at first,he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth.15when he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining,he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners.these pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more.in 1873,strauss received a letter from a jewish tailor named jacob davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets(铆钉).this made the pants last a long time.because davis did not have the money to patent his idea,he offered to share it with strauss if strauss would agree to pay for the patent.16by the time strauss died in 1902,he had made a great contribution to american fashion.17the business has been growing ever since and levi strauss & company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world.a.as a young boy,he moved with his family to the united states.b.nobody knew what kind of material was suitable.c.he did and levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since.d.however,he did not get much business from those products.e.he also made a great contribution to americas clothing industry.f.since they were invented by levi strauss,they have become a symbol of american consumer culture.g.as the business grew,strauss got much money from it.答案:1317 fadce.英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(a、b、c和d)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。a successful scientist is generally a good observer.he makes full 18 of the facts he observes.he doesnt accept ideas which are not 19 on obvious facts,and therefore refuses to accept authority(权威) as the only 20 for truth.he always 21 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.the rise of 22 science may perhaps be considered to 23as far back as the 24 of roger bacon,the wonderful philosopher(哲学家) of oxford,who lived 25 the years 1214 and 1292.he was probably the first in the middle 26 to suggest that we must learn science 27 observing and experimenting on the things around us,and he himself 28 many important discoveries.galileo,however,who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642),was the greatest of several great men,29 in italy,france,germany,or england,began by 30to show how many important 31 could be discovered by observation.before galileo,learned men believed that large bodies fell more 32 towards the earth than small ones,33 aristotle said so.but galileo went to the 34 of the leaning tower of pisa,dropped two 35 stones and proved aristotle was wrong.it was galileos 36 of going direct to nature,and proving our 37 and theories by experiments,that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.18.a.useb.timec.speedd.trust提示:固定搭配。makeuseof“利用;使用”;makefulluseof“充分利用”。答案:a19.a.workedb.basedc.livedd.written提示:bebasedon/upon“以为基础;基于”。答案:b20.a.reasonb.causec.adviced.result提示:reason是指能够对一个事物的发生或它的性质作出解释的东西;cause是导致一个事物发生的条件或原因。根据句子意思,是指“不能接受某种权威来说明真理的合法性”,应用reason。答案:a21.a.thinksb.checksc.hasd.learn提示:check“证明无误,核对无误”。由下文“makesexperimentstoprovethem”可推测check意思最恰当。答案:b22.a.naturalb.physicalc.ancientd.modern提示:根据下文的内容,modernscience“现代科学”意思最恰当。答案:d23.a.dateb.keepc.lookd.take提示:dateback词组,意为“回溯至”。答案:a24.a.studyb.timec.yeard.birth提示:time这里指“时代,年代”。句意为回溯到rogerbacon的时代。答案:b25.a.bothb.eachc.betweend.among提示:between与and连用,表示“在和之间”。答案:c26.a.schoolsb.agesc.daysd.countries提示:themiddleages“中世纪;中古时代”。答案:b27.a.inb.toc.ond.by提示:by表示“通过方法”,此处意为“通过观察和做实验来了解科学”。答案:d28.a.didb.madec.tookd.gave提示:makeadiscovery为固定短语,意为“发现”。答案:b29.a.whob.whenc.thatd.where提示:who引导了一个省略了谓语的定语从句,修饰greatmen。完整的从句是wholived/wasin.。答案:a30.a.waysb.degreesc.levelsd.chance提示:bydegrees词组,相当于副词,意为“逐渐地”。答案:b31.a.truthsb.problemsc.peopled.subjects提示:根据上文意思可知科学家们不接受权威而是通过观察和实验来发现事实,因而此处应为truth“事实,真理,原理”。答案:a32.a.slowlyb.rapidlyc.lightlyd.heavily提示:rapidly“快,迅速地”。由伽利略著名的验证实验可推知此处前人的观点认为重量大的会比重量小的落地快。答案:b33.a.althoughb.becausec.whend.if提示:根据句子意思,应为because“因为”。答案:b34.a.placeb.footc.topd.ceiling提示:top“顶,顶端”。由上文物体落下可知应是在高处做实验,故选top,在比萨斜塔的顶端,ceiling“天花板”,不符合句意。答案:c35.a.bigb.smallc.equald.unequal提示:unequal“不相等的;不对称的”。依据上文可知此处应是两个重量不等的石块。答案:d36.a.spiritb.skillc.theoryd.discovery提示:根据句意“正是伽利略直接接触大自然的精神”而不应是技巧(skill)、理论(theory)、发现(discovery)。答案:a37.a.plansb.opinionsc.worldd.ability提示:opinion“观点”。伽利略用实验向人们证实观点和理论,故选b项。答案:b第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。the ancient greeks said,“tell me who you admire 38. ill tell you who you are.” according to this logic,39.(choose) heroes is important because who you choose often 40.(determine) the character of a person and a people.we are in constant search of 41.(hero).collectively and individually we continue 42.(be) anxious and eager to find people 43. are worthy of our love and loyalty.heroes can 44.(find) in daily life,from parents to teachers,from important people to an unexpected angel who helps you change a tire during a dark and 45.(rain) night.as one historian 46.(write),“no great man lives in vain.the history of 47. world is but the biography of great men.” real heroes take us one step closer to fulfilling our human potential.答案:38.and39.choosing40.determines41.heroes42.to be/being43.who/that44.be found45.rainy46.wrote47.the.写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一