名词从句.doc

名 词 性 从 句 一、概念：连接带词和连接副词等引导的从句在句中充当名词的作用，称为名词性从句。名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接连词：that, whether, if , as if ,because（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词：when, where, how, why一）主语从句 That she was chosen made us very happy. that引导的从句充当主语， 我们称在句中充当主语的 从句为主语从句。 What cause the accident is a complete mystery. What引导的从句充当主语 Whoever comes to the party will receive a present. It depends on the climate whether they are going shopping today.注: 有时为了句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it 做形式主语，而把从句放在后面。二）表语从句 The fact is that they are cross with each other. that 引导的从句充当表语，我们称that引导的从句为 表语从句 The reason is that you dont trust her.Thats how I look at itThats why I object to the plan.The coat is where you left it.三）宾语从句 He said that he didnt want to know. that引导的从句充当句子的宾语从句。 She explained that she was late because of the heavy traffic.He asked me how I was getting along with my studies.注：有时要用it做形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.You may depend on it that they are valuable.2) do you think /believe/suppose /expect / imagine 后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，疑问词要放在句首。 What do you think is going on outside?四) 同位语从句一般位于名词的后面（fact, news, idea ,truth, hope, problem, information, suggestion, advice.引导词一般用that, 少数情况下会用（whether, if, who, which, what, where ）. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.that引导的从句对前面的名词起说明或解释的作用。而且，引导的从句也相当于名词的作用，他的作用与 idea 相同，所以我们称之为同位语从句。 They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.二、考察名词性从句的四个方面。1、名词性从句要使用陈述句语序。在名词性从句中，主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，名词性从句均要使用陈述句语序。No one will be sure what man will look like in a million years.Do you know how much money he spent? 2选词1) that 与what: that 所引导的从句中不从当任何成分.what 在它所引导从句中充当的是主语或是 宾语或是表语. What ( he needs) is money. 从句中缺少宾语.因此用what2) if 和whether whether或if引导的宾语从句，从句意思为“是否，能否”，这里的if从句不可混淆于以if (如果，假如)引导的条件状语从句。Whether 引导主语从句，表语从句,同位语从句和宾语从句。而if 只能引导宾语从句。如： He asked if (whether) you have received his letter. 他问你是否收到了他的来信。This depends on whether he is interested (or not). 这得看他是否感兴趣。注意：在宾语从局中，介词后的宾语从句须用whether引导，不可用if引导。whether可构成whether.or not或whether or not.结构，在非常不正式的场合下，也可能有if.or not结构，但无if or not.结构。3) Who 和 whoever。Whoeverany who, whoever不仅在从句中充当主语，而且充当主句的主语。而who 只能充当从句的主语。Whoever save the girl is worth praising.4)What 和whatever。What 和 whatever都在从句中充当的是主语，宾语和表语。Whatever 比what的语气要强烈些。Whatever= any that what 表示什么的，而whatever表示任何的。 What I need is money. You cant give whatever he wants.5) that 和why。that 表示原因时，引导表语从句。而why引导的从句充当reason 的定语。The reason for his absense is that he is ill.The reason why he left school is that his family is poor.注意：Because 一般不引导表语从句，除了下面的结构中 This/That/It is because -.3同位语从句与定语从句的区别。that引导名词性从句时，在句子中不充当任何成分。 而that 引导定语从句中充当的是主语或宾语。 The news that Mr.Brown will be our new English teacher is true. 从句that引导的 从句中，可以看出该从句不缺少任何成分。 The news that he told me yesterday is true. I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.从句中，可以看出that的从句缺少主语，因此that 引导的是定语从句。 The robot will do everything that we human do.4宾语从句的时态 (在宾语从句中的时态是前面用什么时态，后面就用什么时态。除了宾语从句表的是自然规律用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that the moon travels around the moon. 月亮围绕地球转，是客观事实。 Im certain (that) he is at home now. He made it clear that he didnt like the job.5. 注名词性从句的语气1) 在 It is important/necessary/ strange/natural that 引导的从句中，从句中的谓语动词用should+原形动词表虚拟语气，且should 可以省略。It is necessary that the problem should be settled at onceIt is strange that he should have gone away without telling us.2) 在表示“命令，要求，建议”的动词后的宾语从句和名词后的同位语从句的谓语动词用should+原形动词表虚拟语气，且should 可以省略。如动词advise, suggest, propose, demand, order, insist, recommend, require,以及相应的名词advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, insistence, recommendation, requirement。They suggested that the meeting be (should) put off until next week.We are all for the suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off until next week.高一名词性从句专练1. Well, _ I dont like the newcomer is none of your business.A. what B. that C. who D. how2.-Dad, can you give me some advice?-Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. A. where B. what C. when D. why 3.-Could you do me a favor, Mr. Brown?-It depends on it is.A. which B. that C. what D. who4. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself. A. how B. what C. which D. when5.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A. which B. what C. that D. whether6.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh, thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 7.Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. A. where B. when C. how D. what8. The order _ the political prisoner should be set free arrived too late. A. which B. whether C. that D. what 9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patients fear _ he would die of the disease. A. that B. as C. of which D. which10. He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when 11. Is _ the cowboy said really true? A. that B.what C. why D. whether12._the meeting should last two days or three days doesnt matter. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried my mother a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. what B. if C. that D. for14. _ more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen. A. Whether B. That C. Who D. If 15._ he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us. A. What B. That C. Whether D. If 16. We all know the truth _ there are air, water and sunlight there are living things.A. where B. wherever C. that D. that wherever 17. _ is not a dream that we can travel abroad easily. A. What B. As C. That D. It 18. _ is troubling me is _ I dont understand what he saidA. What; that B. What; what C. That; that D. Why; that 19. -Why does the seaside here draw tens of thousands of tourists every summer?-I think warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is.A. what B. which C. how D. where 20. _ stole the MP3 player is still a complete mystery. A. Who B. That C. How D. Whom21. Danny and John were on a trip to Canada. The thought _ they could cross the whole continent was exciting. A. which B. what C. that D. whether 22. The girls were surprised at the fact _ the ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. A. which B. what C. that D. whether23. A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. A. if B. when C. that D. which24. There is much chance _ Yao Ming will recover from his injury in time for the finals. A. that B. which C. until D. if25. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found. A. which B. that C. what D. whether26. The order _ we received yesterday was _ wed send some doctors to the flooded areas.A. which; which B. that; what C. which; that D. that; which27. The order _ we should send some doctors to the flooded areas was received yesterday. A. which B. that C. what D. whether28. _ moved us most was_ he looked after the old man for more than twenty years. A. That; that B. What; that C What; what D. That; what29. _ you did it is not known to all. A. Who B. What C. How D. Which30. It is widely believed _ smoking can cause cancer.A. that B. whether C. why D. how31. The reason I plan to go is _ she will be disappointed if I dont. A. because B. that C. thanks to D. what32. -I drove to Beijing for the air show last week. -Is that _ you had a few days off ?A. why B. when C. what D. where 33. Nobody believed his reason for being absent _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A. why B. thatC. where D. because34. _ is still a question _ will win. A. It; that B. It; who C. That; who D. This; that35. If you know _ it was that wrote A Tale of Two Cities, raise your hand. A. whom B. which C. who D. that36. -Its thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _we got lost on a rainy night.A. which B. that C. what D. when37. Thinking _ you know _ in fact you dont is a terrible mistake. A. that; that B. what; what C. that; what D. what; that38. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _ worries the public. A. why B. which C. that D. what39. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it? A. that B. what C. that D. it40._ David says sounds right to Helen. Thats _ shes made up her mind to marry him. A. Whatever; why B. No matter what; why C. What; because D. Whatever; how41. That is_ my grandfather was born and grew up. A. There B. in which C. where D. the place42. _ Jenny was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. What B. That C. When D. Because43. Yesterday my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A. as B. which C. what D. that44. -Have you found your book yet? -No, Im not sure _ I could have left it. A. whether B. where C. when D. why45. The doctor couldnt answer the question _ the patient could survive that night. A. if B. that C. whether D. what 46. -I dont know how to choose the right dictionary. -I think choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for.A. how B. why C. what D. whether47. -What were you trying to prove to the police? -_ I was last night. A. That B. When C. Where D. What48. I think, though I could be mistaken, _ he liked me. A. who B. which C. that D. what49. At the meeting, we discussed the problem _ we should employ more workers. A. if B. whether C. that D. /50. -Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales, please? -Hold on, please.A. anyone B. someone C. whoever D. no matter who51. I am sure _ he said is true.A. that B. about that C. of that D. that what52. Where do you think _?A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he53. -What did your parents think about your decision?-They always let me do _ I think I should.A. when B. that C. how D. what54. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if55. Last Sunday my father made a promise _ he was free he would take me to Shanghai.A. if B. that C. that if D. whether56. This is _ the question lies.A. what B. that C. where D. how57. _ people spend so much money on their pets _ us a lot.A. How; are surprised B. What; surprising C. That; surprises D. That; is surprised58. These shoes look very good. I wonder _. A. how much cost they are B. how much do they costC. how much they cost D. how much are they cost59. He is absent from school. It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason60. My suggestion is _ our teacher _ strict with us.A. what; should be B. that; be C. which; would be D. where; was61._ has a good education can apply for the job. A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Whomever62._ is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad. A. He B. It C. That D. What63._ worries me is _ were going to pay for all this.A. It; that B. That; how C. What; how D. As; that64. _ is widely believed that paper was invented in China. A. As B. Which C. It D. That65. -Do you remember _ he came? -Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if66. Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. when 67. _ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where68. Please tell me _ you would like to have your coffee-black or white?A. what B. where C. which D. how69. Great changes have taken place here, and _ wasnt possible years ago is now possible.A. where B. that C. what D. it70. Some of the scientists held the point _ the book said was right.A. what what B. what what C. that that D. that what71. The news _ Lincoln was murdered filled the American peoples hearts with deep sorrow. A. which B. when C. that D. how 72. I dont trust his promise _ he will buy me a new car. A. which B. what C. when D. that 73. She received the message _ he would come by plane. A. that B. which C. what D. when74. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It75. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 76. Mr. Brown finds his daughter is quite different from _ she was five years ago.A. whoB. what C. howD. which77. The news _ he was made Chairman of the Students Union surprised us greatly. A. what B. that C. why D. when78. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A. which B. that C. / D .it 79. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 80. The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A. when B. which C. what D. that 81. -Can you explain it came about that you were an hour late? -Sorry, sir. I overslept.A. where B. why C. how D. whether82. _ seems important to us is _ we should live in harmony with nature instead of destroying it.A. It; that B. What; what C. It; what D. What; that83. There was widespread relief when _ was discovered that a hospital had enough medicine.A. which B. it C. such D. what84. -So you havent read the information form?-_ makes the matter worse is that I dont have a single copy.A. It B. What C. That D. Which85. He has learned _, no matter what happens and how bad _ seems today, life goes on and it will be better. A. that; it B. it; that C. it; it D. that; that86. _ he told us is the news _ China has got 32 gold medals in the Athens Olympic Games.A. What; which B. That; that C. What; that D. That; that 87. Being determined is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything properly. A. why B. that C. what D. which88. In 1642, Columbus and his crew arrived _ was so-called the New World by the westerners.A. what B. in what C. where D. in which 89. You are saying that our teachers treat everyone equally, and this is I disagre