广东省深圳市三人文化发展有限公司高三英语《非谓语动词专题》标准教案.doc

广东省深圳市三人文化发展有限公司高三英语非谓语动词专题标准教案key point 1：非谓语动词种类：(1) to do (2) doing (3) done(1)不定式的形式：主 动被 动一般式 to write to be written进行式to be writing/完成式 to have writtento have been written否定式 not + (to) doeg. he wants to be an artist. the teacher ordered the work to be done. he seems to be reading in his room. i happened to have seen the film.(2)动名词的形式： 语 态 式主动语态被动语态一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done否定式 not + doingeg. seeing is believing. he came to the party without being invited. we remembered having seen the film. he forgot having been taken to guangzhou when he was five years old. i regret not following his advice.notes:复合结构：ones doinghe suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。his not knowing english troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。(3)现在分词的形式：现在及 物 动 词 write不及物动词go分词主动语态被动语态主动语态一般式 writing being written going完成式having written having been writtenhaving gone否定式 not + doingthey went to the park, singing and talking. having done his homework, he played basket-ball. the problem being discussed is very important.having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. notes:一般式表明动作伴随于谓语动作；完成式表明动作先于谓语动作。key point 2：非谓v & 谓语v1.非谓v与谓语v的相同点(主(逻辑)宾状+时态语态)2.非谓v与谓语v的不同点：(非谓v=n/adj/adv) (1)n: to do/doing (2)adj:to do/doing/done (3)adv:to do/doing/donekey point 3:非谓语动词的句法功能： 句子成分非谓语 主语表语宾语补语定语状语不定式动名词（极少）现在分词过去分词(1)作主语: (not) to do/doing+v+. 1.to finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 2.to lose your heart means failure.(尾重原则)动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语：it is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.it means failure to lose your heart.its no use quarrelling.做表语：s+lv+(not) to do/doing/done 1. her job is to clean the hall. 2. he appears to have caught a cold. 3. in the ant city, the queens job is laying eggs. 4. the film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 5. the present situation is inspiring. notes: be + doing (1)表进行 (2)系表结构(s=o) 6. the were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。 notes:be + done (1)系表结构 (2)表被动语态。 the window is broken.（系表） the window was broken by the boy.（被动） 7.vi的done不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiled waterfallen leaves newly arrived goodsthe risen sunthe changed world（变了的世界）这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。(3)作宾语：vt+to do/doing a. to do (want/hope/wish/offer/fail/plan/learn/pretend/refuse/manage/help-) b. wh to do (know/decide/find out/forget/learn/remember/ /think/understand, wonder) s+vt + c. it adj to do (find) d.doing (deny/endure/escape/resist/suggest/enjoy/finish/avoid/excuse/ -) e. it noun doing (find)notes:a. (+to do) want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer. (s+v+it+o补+to do) marx found it important to study the situation in russia. he gave us some advice on how to learn english. b.(+doing)deny, endure, escape, resist, suggest，enjoy, finish, avoid, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit，deny, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent(from),keep from,stop（from）,protectfrom,set about, be engaged in, spend(in), succeed in, be used to, object to, insist on, feel like，get down to; pay attention to; look forward to; stick to; turn to; be used to (doing sth); prefer to; devote oneself to; see to. they havent finished building the dam. we have to prevent the air from being polluted. (s+v+it+o补+doing) we found it no good making fun of others.c.(+to do/doing) 忘记悔意。忍不住继续尝试。d.want/need/require/deserve(be worth)+v-ing = v+ to be done (主动表被动)(4)作宾补：s+vt+sb+do/to do/doing/done a. to do（谓语：want/wish/ask/tell/order/beg/permit/help/advise,） b. do（谓语：see/watch/hear/feel/find/get/keep/notice/observe/have/let/make-） s+vt +sb + c. doing（谓语：see/watch/hear/feel/find/get/keep/notice/observe-） d. done（谓语：see/watch/hear/feel/find/get/keep/notice/observe-） notes:a.(+to do) want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如： with a lot of work to do, he didnt go to the cinema. (+do)make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have. i saw him cross the road. he was seen to cross the road.b.(+doing)see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch。 can you hear her singing the song in the next room? he kept the car waiting at the gate. c.(+done) i heard the song sung several times last week. 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语： with the work done, they went out to play. (5)作定语：n.+to do/doing/done a. to do (主谓/动宾+将来) b. doing (主谓+进行) n + c. done (动宾+完成) d. being done (动宾+进行) e. to be done (动宾+将来)notes:(1)a,e的区别：选a在句中有do的逻辑主语，选d在句中无do的逻辑主语。 n+to do(v+o)： 1. i have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词 2. he found a good house to live in. 3. the child has nothing to worry about. 4. what did you open it with? (n为time/place/wa, 可以省略介词) 5. he has no place to live. 6. this is the best way to work out this problem. 如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式： 7. have you got anything to sent? 8. have you got anything to be sent?(s+v)： 10. he is the first to get here.(3)动名词(定)+n. a walking-stick a swimming pool a sleeping bag现在分词(定)+n & n + doing he changing world in the following years he worked even harder. the man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. done+n & n+donethe changed world developed countries a crowded room illness caused by the accident the photos taken in the zoo；作状语：1.状语前置：a. (not )to do（主谓/目的）b. (not )doing（主谓/时间，原因，条件和让步）c. (not )having done（主谓/谓语之前的动作） + s + v + .d. (not )done（动宾/原因，时间，条件，让步和伴随）e. (not )having been done（动宾/谓语之前的动作）notes:de的区别为e的动作明显在主句动作之前。而d并不强调。(2)与逻辑主语构成独立主格（doing/done）：i waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.all the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. time permitting, well do another two exercises.有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式with the lights burning, he fell asleep.all books returned at the end of the term, the library assistant was satisfied. the field ploughed, he began to spread seed.2.状语后置： a. (not )to do （主谓/目的不用逗号隔开/结果） s + v+ . b. (not )doing （主谓/伴随，结果和目的） c. (not )done （动宾/伴随，结果和目的） notes:这种句式不用ce做状语key point 4:非谓语动词使用注意事项1. to do中to的省略： (phrase+do)：had better, would rather, why not, cannot help but, rather than, other than等。in that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait.a. moreb. otherc. betterd. anyrather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle.a. ride; rideb. riding; ridec. ride; to rided. to ride; riding2. to do中do的省略： (1)(be adj to): happy, glad, ready, eager, anxious等。 ill be away on a business trip. would you mind looking after my cat? not at all. _. a. ive no timeb. id rather notc. id like itd. id be happy to (2)(vt+sb+to)：ask, tell, order, persuade, advise, wish, permit, allow等。 the boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. a. not tob. not to doc. not do itd. do not to (3)(vi+to)：like, love, wish, mean, want, refuse, try, advise, persuade等。 will you go to the theatre, miss brown? sorry, _. a. i want b. i dont want toc. im glad tod. id like (4)(. to)，如：ought to, have to, used to, be able to, be going to等后也可省略不定式。 alice, why didnt you come yesterday? i _, but i had an unexpected visitor. a. hadb. wouldc. was going tod. did3.doing/done作独立成分(gps+consider)given (that)意为“假设；如果；考虑到”；providing / provided (that) 意为“假定”；supposing / suppose (that)意为“假如”；considering (that) 意为“考虑到”；seeing (that) 意为“既然”等。_ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.a. givenb. to givec. givingd. having given做非谓语动词题的实用技巧技巧一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式1. when asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (2007江西卷)a. training b. being trained c. to have trained d. to be trained【解析】答案选d。由于被训练进行航空飞行是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除a和b。另外，由于“他”与“训练”之间为被动关系，故选d。2. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugarand 175 g flour.(2006广东卷)a. having madeb. make c. to maked. making【解析】答案选c。由于是表示目的，故要用不定式，句意为：为了要做这块蛋糕，你需要2只鸡蛋、175克糖和175克面粉。技巧二：用于名词后作定语时，使用非谓语动词的原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用现在分词，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义1. the chinese are proud of the 29th olympic games _ in beijing in 2008. (2006四川卷)a. holdb. holding c.held d. to be held【解析】答案选d。由于2008年奥运会尚未举行，故要用不定式。2. there are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the art gallery to have a look at van goghs paintings. (2006上海卷)a. waited b. to wait c. waiting d. wait【解析】答案选c。由于表示“正在等”，故用现在分词作定语。3. “things _never come again!” i couldnt help talking to myself. (2007湖南卷)a. lostb. losing c. to lostd. have lost【解析】答案选a。因things与动词lose之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。注：受the first, the secondthe last修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。如：the last one _pays the meal.agreed! (2007全国i)a. arrived b. arrives c. to arrive d. arriving【解析】答案选c。因为在the first, the second, the third, , the last等结构后习惯上要接不定式作定语，又如：id be the first to admit i might be wrong.我愿第一个承认我可能错了。you are the second to make that mistake.你是第二个犯这错误的人。 技巧三：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词1. as the light turned green, i stood for a moment, not _, and asked myself what i was going todo. (2007湖南卷)a. movedb. moving c. to move d. being moved【解析】答案选b。由于与句子主语i之间为主动关系，且表示当时持续了一会儿，故用现在分词。句意为：当信号灯变绿时，我站在那儿一会儿没动，心想自己该怎么办。2. peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon. (2007四川卷)a. said b. saysc. saying d. to say【解析】答案选c。此处用现在分词表伴随，又如：a card came yesterday saying sue will arrive tomorrow.昨天收到的明信片上说，休明天到。alan received a telegram saying his father was ill.埃伦收到一封电报，说是他父亲生病了。3. whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. (2006江苏卷)a. sayingb. saidc. to sayd. having said【解析】答案选a。现在分词saying在此表示伴随。4. we often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. (2006全国iii)a. thinkingb. thinkc. to thinkd. thought【解析】答案选a。现在分词thinking在此表示伴随。技巧四：用作结果状语时，可用现在分词或不定式，其原则区别是：一般要用现在分词，不定式用作结果状语主要用于某些特定句式中1. the glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _ in the natural light during the day. (2007天津卷)a. to letb. letting c. let d. having let【解析】答案选b。此处用现在分词表示结果。又如：it rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that place.大雨滂沱，造成了那个地方洪水泛滥。2. oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record us$ 57.65 a barrel on april 4. (2005山东卷)a. have reachedb. reachingc. to reach d. to be reaching【解析】答案选b。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作结果状语。注：在enough to do sth,tooto do sth, only to do sth等特定句式中，习惯上要用不定式表示结果。如：1. he hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out. (2006陕西卷)a. totell b. to betold c.telling d. told【解析】答案选b。only to do sth在此表示出人意料的结果。2. he hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. (2005广东卷)a. to find b. finding c. foundd. to have found【解析】答案选a。only to do sth在此表示出人意料的结果。技巧五：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用现在分词的被动式1. the children talked so loudly at dinner table that i had to struggle _. (2007浙江卷)a. to be heard b. to have heardc. hearingd. being heard【解析】答案选a。根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被动式，因此可排除b和c。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作在当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选a。2.the repairs cost a lot, but its money well _. (2005湖北卷)a. to spendb. spentc. being spent d.spending【解析】答案选b。由于money与spend之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。3. five people won the “chinas green figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. (2006山东卷)a. being given b. is givenc. given d. was given【解析】答案选c。由于title与give之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。技巧六：谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致1. faced with a bill for $10, 000, _.(2006陕西卷)a. john has taken an extra jobb. the boss has given john an extra jobc. an extra job has been takend. an extra job has been given to john【解