高考英语二轮复习 第四部分 阅读填句课件.ppt

第四部分阅读填句 2013 2015年高考新课标全国卷阅读填句考点统计表 考点统计看考向观变化 考情分析找热点寻规律 本题型主要考查考生的阅读理解能力 语篇分析能力以及上下文的逻辑关系判断能力 通过对近三年高考题的分析可知 1 此类题型题目设置难度不大 通过上下文的词汇或短语提示 均可找到明确的答案 但选项中有两项特征相似或相近 要求考生仔细阅读文段 确定合适的答案 2 考点分布合理 突出主题句 详述句 平行句及过渡句的考查 注重考查考生把握上下文的逻辑关系的能力 3 根据此类题型特点 预计2016年在考查形式上不会有太大的变化 文章的选材可能更加贴近考生的日常生活 更富灵活性 或者是有关科技 体育方面的话题 考点突破攻考点克难关 考点一 主题句 阅读填句在很大程度上考查考生对所读材料的理解和把握 主题句的设置就是一个很好的例证 此类题型设空往往在段落首或段落尾 偶尔也会在段落中出现 考生需通过对整个段落的细细推敲 提炼出其内在含义 才能较轻松地找出对应的选项 典例1 2015新课标全国 片段 38 havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwell being a learntoreallytrustyourself b itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone c stopregardingyourselfasthevictim d rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn e they vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan tbeartoletithappenagain f thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships g seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn tmeanyou reignoringwhathappened 剖析 a空格位于段首 根据文章结构分析 此空需填一个主题句 概括全段内容 由空格后的havingconfidenceinyourself可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己 因此选a 典例2 2015新课标全国 片段 39 ifyou vebeenbetrayed youarethevictimofyourcircumstance butthere sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha victimmentality atsomepointinallofourlives we llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated a learntoreallytrustyourself b itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone c stopregardingyourselfasthevictim d rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn e they vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan tbeartoletithappenagain f thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships g seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn tmeanyou reignoringwhathappened 剖析 c空格位于段首 根据文章结构分析 极有可能是祈使句 下文中ifyou vebeenbetrayed youarethevictimofyourcircumstance butthere sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha victimmentality 如果你遭遇了背叛 那么你就成为客观环境的受害者 但是成为受害者与以 受害者的心态 活着是有区别的 反复出现victim一词 而选项c中的关键词也为victim 形成原词复现 选项c stopregardingyourselfasthevictim 不要把自己当作受害者 起到总起本段的作用 考点二 详述句 解决此类题型的关键是考生应抓住与上文或下文之间的阐述和被阐述的关系 当然在文章中有时会有一些表示详述关系的词语 它们也可以起到帮助选题的作用 如namely inotherwords thatistosay orrather等 典例1 2015新课标全国 片段 unfortunately we veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal whetherwe vebeenstolenfrom liedto misled orcheatedon therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust sometimespeoplesimplycan ttrustanymore 37 it sunderstandable butifyou rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere a learntoreallytrustyourself b itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone c stopregardingyourselfasthevictim d rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn e they vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan tbeartoletithappenagain f thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships g seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn tmeanyou reignoringwhathappened 剖析 e选项e与上文能形成因果关系 they vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan tbeartoletithappenagain 他们曾经受过严重伤害 不能容忍这种事情再次发生 是对上一句sometimespeoplesimplycan ttrustanymore 有时候人们就是不能再信任别人 的解释说明 为详细叙述 典例2 2015新课标全国 片段 trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady gradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns 16 buythebest fitting best builtrunningshoesyoucanfind a aftersixdaysb foragoodmarathonrunnerc beforeyoubeginyourtrainingd witheachday increasethedistancebyahalfmilee iftheystillfeelgood youcanbeginrunninginthemf timespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingg nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime 剖析 c上文提到进行马拉松训练 下文说买一双合脚的鞋子 所以这里应该是训练前的准备工作 是对上文内容的详细描述 故选c 考点三 平行句 平行关系的题是相对容易的一种题型 考生只要抓住段落中一些表示平行关系的词语 如 and but or thefirst atfirst firstly then later atlast atthebeginning intheend等 然后再根据上下文之间的逻辑关系 便能得出正确选项 典例1 2015新课标全国 片段 trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences 36 trustisarisk butyoucan tbesuccessfulwhenthere salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake a learntoreallytrustyourself b itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone c stopregardingyourselfasthevictim d rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn e they vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan tbeartoletithappenagain f thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships g seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn tmeanyou reignoringwhathappened 剖析 b第一句trustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences 信任是我们从以往经历中获得的习得行为 是对trust的解释 选项b中的it指代上文出现的trust 并且继续解释trust的含义 与上句在含义及逻辑关系上为平行关系 典例2 2015新课标全国 片段 duringthefirstweek donotthinkaboutdistance butrunfiveminuteslongereachday 18 itiswisetotakeadayofftorest butduringthenextweek setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun 19 witheachday increasethedistancebyahalfmile aftertwoweeks starttimingyourself 20 nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace a aftersixdaysb foragoodmarathonrunnerc beforeyoubeginyourtrainingd witheachday increasethedistancebyahalfmilee iftheystillfeelgood youcanbeginrunninginthemf timespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingg nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime 剖析 a根据上文中的duringthefirstweek 及下文中的duringthenextweek 可知 在第一周里 每天比前一天多跑五分钟 六天后 休息一天 本段前两句话与第三 四句话在时间上构成平行关系 考点四 过渡句 此类题型是近几年高考设题最多的 考生应注重上下文的语句 词汇或短语提示 如表示递进 转折或让步关系的过渡词语 furthermore however onthecontrary although though while等 然后结合文章整体的结构特点确定正确选项 典例1 2015新课标全国 片段 youdidn tlose everything oncetrustislost whatisleft insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife 40 instead it sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness a learntoreallytrustyourself b itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone c stopregardingyourselfasthevictim d rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn e they vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan tbeartoletithappenagain f thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships g seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn tmeanyou reignoringwhathappened 剖析 g根据前一句insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife 和后一句instead it sahealthyway 可知 既要看到事情的积极面 也不要忽视所发生的事情 g项seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn tmeanyou reignoringwhathappened 看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见 起承上启下的作用 典例2 2015新课标全国 片段 noonecansaywhichbrandwillworkbestforyouorfeelbestonyourfeet soyouhavetorelyonyourexperienceandonthefeelofeachpairasyoushop whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright walkinthemforafewdaystodouble checkthefit 17 asalways youshouldstretch 伸展 atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries a aftersixdaysb foragoodmarathonrunnerc beforeyoubeginyourtrainingd witheachday increasethedistancebyahalfmilee iftheystillfeelgood youcanbeginrunninginthemf timespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingg nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime 剖析 e由该空前的语境whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright walkinthemforafewdaystodouble checkthefit 当你发现似乎合适的鞋子时 穿着走动几天 再次检查其舒适度 和下文中提到跑步前要伸展至少十分钟以避免受伤可知 这里应该说如果穿着的感觉很好 你就可以跑了 故e项起承上启下的作用 名师在线阅读填句多以议论文与说明文为主 因此 破解阅读填句可从体裁入手 1 解答议论文体的阅读填句题 首先要把握好所论述的中心问题 通常所挖空缺与选项都以一条主线为主 其次 此类文章中经常出现一些逻辑关系词 对于理解文章与判定答案很有帮助 如 1 并列与递进关系and indeed also besides almost even similarly like accordingly inthesameway meanwhile furthermore moreover too等 2 转折与让步关系but yet however although though while despite bycontrast onthecontrary nevertheless等 3 例证关系forexample forinstance foronething thatis namely等 2 解答说明文体的阅读填句题 首先要确定说明的事物 有时说明的事物并不单一 甚至一段一个项目 这就要求考生在理解短文内容的基础上 分辨出选项部分从结构和内容上看分别是属于文章的哪个部分 并和空白处的上下文有机地衔接起来 当然 此类文章也有一些可以帮助考生理清思路的逻辑关系词 如 1 总结说明关系thus therefore inconclusion asaresult inshort tosumup toconclude inaword等 2 定义关系namely inotherwords thatistosay orrather等 3 因果关系therefore thus asaresultof forthisreason hence等 对点训练 passage1 2014新课标全国 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented 1 byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds 1 curiosityyourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious 2 askkids whatingredients 配料 canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime andthentrythemout didthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetter whatcouldwetrynexttime 2 creativitytruecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit 3 thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem experimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheircreativity 3 interpersonalskillsunderstandinghowothersfeelcanbeachallengeforkids weknowwhat sgoingoninsideourownhead butwhataboutothers beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions 4 whydoyouthinkshe scrying canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou howwouldyoufeel 4 self expression5 therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas music acting drawing building photography youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother a encouragekidstocookwithyou b andwecan tforgetscienceeducation c wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways d sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon tyetexist e gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill f wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories g beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill 答案及剖析 1 d根据题空后的 byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds 可知是回答前面提出的问题 因此应选d项 2 a由下文的whatingredients 配料 canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime 可知应选a项 3 c由本段内容 尤其是下句thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem可知c项正确 首句意为 真正的创造性就是用现存的材料创造出新东西的能力 4 f根据下文的问题可知f项正确 5 g本段标题是 self expression 根据下句的 有很多表达想法的方式 可知 本空选g项 意为 能够用有意义的方式表达想法是一种珍贵的技巧 passage2 2015江西南昌第二中学高三四模 根据短文内容 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 选项中有两项为多余选项 howtosleepbetterifyou rehavingtroublegettinggoodsleepthroughthenight turning wakingupmorethanonce forexample thistextwilltellyouwhatyoucandotoensureapeacefulnight ssleep 1 getonschedule changingyoursleepingtimebymorethananhourcanseverelydisturbyoursleepquality 1 forexample ifyounormallywakeupat6amonweekdaystogettowork youmightgotobedaround10pm becausethat swhenyoustarttofeelsleepy andit salsoagoodtimetoensure8hoursofsleep if ontheweekend yousleepuntil9am youprobablywon tbeabletofallasleepthatnightuntil1am 2 2 waitatleastthreehoursafterdinnerbeforegoingtosleep digestionslowsdownwhileasleep andafullstomachmayinterruptsleep similarly youshouldavoidgoingtobedonanemptystomach asacompletelyemptystomachmayequallydisturbyoursleepingpatterns 3 3 exposuretolightduringthetimewhenyou resupposedtobesleepingcandisruptyourbody sintern