2006年职称英语考试理工类(A级)试题及答案.doc

无忧网校 2006年职称英语考试理工类(A级)试题及答案2006年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。1She was a puzzleAgirl BwomanCproblem Dmystery2Her speciality is heart surgery.Aregion BsiteCfield Dplatform3France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.Afriendly BprivateCstrong Dsecret4You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughlyAspread B mixedCbeaten D covered5The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society,Adestroyed B brokeCsmashed D changed6Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.Aposted B sentCgiven D handed7The change in that village was miraculous.Aconservative B amazingCinsignificant D unforgettable8Customers often defer payment for as long as possibleA make B demandC postpone D obtain9Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year.A ban B removeC eliminate D expel10 She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.Adeclares B assertsC describes D announces11 From my standpoint, this thing is just ridiculousA field B point of viewC knowledge D information12 The latest census is encouragingAstatement B assessmentCevaluation D count13 The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasyAdifferent B proudCuncomfortable D unconscious14 Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.Aable B fortunateCqualified D competent15 He was elevated to the post of prime minister.Apulled B promotedClifted D treated第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Monarch without a Kingdom This November, a hundred million butterflies will drop from the sky over Mexico, like autumn leaves. But for how long? Genetically modified maize (玉米) could mean extinction for this beautiful butterfly, Rafael Ruiz reports. Although its body is about 3 cm long and it only weighs 1 gin, the Monarch butterfly manages to travel 5,000 km each year. It seems to be so fragile, but its long journeys are proof of its amazing ability to survive. This autumn, the Monarch butterfly will once more set out on its journey from the US. It will keep going until it reaches Mexico. It travels these huge distances to escape the cold weather in the north. In November, millions of Monarchs fall like bright, golden rain onto the forests in the mountains of central Mexico. In the silence of these mountains you can hear a strange flapping (拍动) of wings, as the Monarchs arrive at their destination. In the mountains, which reach a height of 3,000 metres, the butterflies are safe. Before reaching their journeys end they have faced strong winds, rain and snowstorms and they do not all manage to reach their destination. When the winters are really bad, perhaps 70 per cent of them will not survive. Their long journey to Mexico is thought to be one of the most amazing events in the whole of the American continent. When they get there they will stay until the beginning of April, when their internal calendar tells them that it is time to go back. The long journey, with all its dangers, begins again. These delicate creatures now face danger of another kind - from scientific progress. In the US, millions of farms grow genetically modified maize which is pure poison for the butterfly. Laboratory experiments have shown that half of the butterflies which feed on the leaves of genetically modified maize die within 48 hours. Not all experts agree that this variety of maize is responsible for the threat to the Monarchs. In spite of these doubts, the European Union has refused to approve new crops of genetically modified maize until further investigations have been carried out. Greenpeace is campaigning against genetically modified products (in Spain, there are already 20,000 hectares of modified maize). The environmental organization recently published a list of 100 species of butterfly in Europe alone which are threatened with extinction.16 The Monarch butterfly travels 5,000 km each year.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned17 The Monarch butterfly looks fragile.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned18 The Mexicans like butterflies very much.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned19 in bad winters, about 70 per cent of the butterflies can stay aliveA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned20 In early April, the butterflies leave their winter homes flying back northA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned21 Genetically modified maize isnt poisonous to the butterflies.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned22 Genetically modified products are not popular in MexicoA Right B Wrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。The Science of Sport1At the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens, the Chinese athlete Liu Xiang equaled the world record for the 110 metres hurdles (跨栏) when he ran the race in 12.91 seconds.This record time had been set in 1993 by British sprinter (短跑运动员) Colin Jackson and 9 years went by before another athlete was able to run as fast.2Record-breaking in all track events is Slowing clown and we appear to be moving much closer to the limits of human performance. Nevertheless, every four years, records which were previously thought to be unbeatable are broken. So whats behind this never-ending improvement in performance? And how long can we keep breaking records? Is there a limit to human performance or will athletes continue to gain seconds?3Most experts agree that it isnt the athletes bodies which have changed but the huge advances in sport science which have enabled them to improve their performances. The individual athlete obviously has to have the necessary skill and determination to succeed, but the help of science and technology can be significant. Research has brought a better understanding of the athletes body and mind but the advances in sports equipment technology have also had an important impact on human performance.4Scientists have shown that an athletes bodys needs vary according to the type of sport. This research has helped top sports people to adapt their training programme and diet better to their particular needs. Running the marathon and cycling, for example, are endurance (耐力) sports and require a different parathion (硝苯硫磷脂) to that of a 100-metre sprinter. In some sports, changes in techniques have significantly improved performance.5But in any sport, a players success or failure results from a combination of both physical and mental abilities. Most coaches use psychological techniques to help their athletes cope with stress and concentrate on their performance For example, the English football team listens to music in the changing rooms before a game to help the players relax and not feel so nervous. Before a difficult match, tennis players are encouraged to use visualization (想象) techniques to build confidence and this is almost as good as practice.6But as science begins to dominate sport, are we in danger of losing sight of the heart of the competition, the sporting challenge? Whats more, are all these advantages fair?23 Paragraph 224 Paragraph 325 Paragraph 426 Paragraph 5ADifferent sports require different training programs.BScience may be too important today.CSports equipment has been improved a lot.DAthletes are still breaking records.ESport science helps improve athletes performances.FMental training is as important as physicaltraining.27 It is more difficult for todays athletes28 We dont know if there is a limit29 Research has helped coaches30 Scientific advances are suspectedAto avoid psychological techniquesBto break recordsCto better understand the athletes body and mindDto time and spaceEto be replacing the sporting challengeFto human performance第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。第一篇Is the Tie a Necessity? Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties? Maybe. Last week, the UKs Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be tree of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives. In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities （知名人士） without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past. For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tile was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party - almost every social occasion. But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions. The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a band. The term could mean anything around a mans neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear （颈饰）impressed Charles II, the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660, he brought this new fashion item along with him. It wasnt, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearers membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.31 The tie symbolizes all of the following except A respect B elegance C politenessD democracy32 Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie? A Because he wants to make a show B Because he wants to attract attention. C Because ties are costly.D Because he wants to live in a casual way.33 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion? A Going to church. B Going to work in the office. C Staying at home.D Going to a party.34 Who brought the Frenchmens neckwear to Britain? A Tony Blair. B Charles ll. C Jim Callaghan.D Andrew Turnbull.35 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly? A After the late 19th century. B In the 1630s. C In 1660.D In the late 18th century.第二篇 Where Have All the Frogs Gone? In the 1980s, scientists around the world began to notice something strange: Frogs were disappearing. More recent research has shown that many kinds of amphibians (两栖动物) are declining or have become extinct. They have been around for a long time - over 350 million years. Why are they dying out now? Scientists are seriously concerned about this question. First of all, amphibians are an important source of scientific and medical knowledge. By studying amphibians, scientists have learned about new substances that could be very useful for treating human diseases. Further research could lead to many more discoveries, but that will be impossible if the amphibians disappear. The most serious aspect of amphibian loss, however, goes beyond the amphibians themselves. Scientists are beginning to think about what amphibian decline means for the planet as a whole. If the earth is becoming unlivable for amphibians, is it also becoming unlivable for other kinds of animals and human beings as well? Scientists now believe that amphibian decline is due to several environmental factors. One of these factors is the destruction of habitat, the natural area where an animal lives. Amphibians are very sensitive to changes in their habitat. If they cannot find the right conditions, they will not lay their eggs. These days, as wild areas are covered with houses, roads, farms, or factories, many kinds of amphibians are no longer laying eggs. For example, the arroyo toad (蟾蜍) of southern California will only lay its eggs on the sandy bottom of a slow-moving stream. There are very few streams left in southern California, and those streams are often muddy because of building projects. Not surprisingly, the arroyo toad is now in danger of extinction. There are a number of other factors in amphibian decline. Pollution is one of them. In many industrial areas, air pollution has poisoned the rain, which then falls on ponds and kills the frogs and toads that live there. In farming areas, the heavy use of chemicals on crops has also killed off amphibians. Another factor is that air pollution has led to increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) light. This endangers amphibians, which seem to be especially sensitive to UV light. And finally, scientists have discovered a new disease that seems to be killing many species of amphibians in different parts of the world. All these reasons for the disappearance of amphibians are also good reasons for more general concern. The destruction of land, the pollution of the air and the water, the changes in our atmosphere, the spread of diseases - these factors affect human beings, too. Amphibians are especially sensitive to environmental change. Perhaps they are like the canary (金丝雀) bird that coal miners once used to take down into the mines to detect poisonous gases. When the canary became ill or died, the miners knew that dangerous gases were near and their own lives were in danger.36 Losing amphibians means losing Aknowledge about fatal human diseases. Bknowledge about air and water pollution. Ca chance to discover new medicines.Dan opportunity to detect poisonous gases.37 Amphibians lay their eggs Ain any stream they can find, Bin places without UV light, Conly on sand.Donly in the right conditions38 The arroyo toad is disappearing because Ait has been threatened by frogs. Bit is losing its habitat. Ca disease has been killing its eggs.Dit cant bear the cold of winter.39 Coal miners once used the canary bird to detect Apoisonous gases. Bair pollution. Cwater leakage.Dradiation.40 Scientists think that the decline of amphibians could Acause environmental change. Bcause a decline in other kinds of animals. Cbe a warning signal for human beings. Dbe a good sign for human beings.第三篇Controlling Robots with the Mind Belle, our tiny monkey, was seated in her special chair inside a chamber at our Duke University lab. Her right hand grasped a joystick (操纵杆) as she watched a horizontal series of lights on a display panel. She knew that if a light suddenly shone and she moved the joystick left or right to correspond to its position, she would be sent a drop of fruit juice into her mouth. Belle wore a cap glued to her head. Under it were four plastic connectors, which fed arrays of microwires-each wire finer than the finest sewing thread- into different regions of Belles motor cortex (脑皮层), tile brain tissue that plans movements and sends instructions. Each of the 100 microwires lay beside a single motor neuron (神经元). When a neuron produced an electrical discharge, the adjacent microwire would capture the current and send it up through a small wiring bundle that ran from Belles cap to a box of electronics on a table next to the booth. The box, in turn, was linked to two computers, one next door and the other half a country away. After months of hard work, we were about to test the idea that we could reliablytranslate the raw electrical activity in a living beings brain-Belles mere thoughts-into signals that could direct the actions of a robot. We had assembled a multijointed robot arm in this room, away from Belles view, which she would control for the first time. As soon as Belles brain sensed a lit spot on the panel, electronics in the box running two real-time mathematical models would rapidly analyze the tiny action potentials produced by her brain cells. Our lab computer would convert the electrical patterns into instructions that would direct the robot arm. Six hundred miles north, in Cambridge, Mass, a different computer would produce the same actions in another robot arm built by Mandayam A. Srinivasan. If we had done everything correctly, the two robot arms would behave as Belles arm did, at exactly the same time. Finally the moment came. We randomly switched on lights in front of Belle, and she immediately moved her joystick back and forth to correspond to them. Our robot arm moved similarly to Belles real arm. So did Sriniwlsans. Belle and the robots moved in synchrony (同步), like dancers choreographed (设计舞蹈动作) by the