江苏省徐州市王杰中学高中英语 Book7 Unit3 Grammar学案（无答案）牛津译林版选修7.doc

m7u3 grammar and usage auxiliary verb1 预习热身they were_watching tv when i got there.the window was_broken by tom.her plan is_to_be a failure.by the end of last month，they had_finished half of their work.i have_been_studying english for ten years.english has_been_taught in china for many years.does she get_up early in the morning?i do_not_want to be criticized.a meeting will_be_held next monday morning.he said she would_meet him at the airport.自我总结be现在分词，构成_。be过去分词，构成被动语态。be动词不定式，表示注定要发生的事情。have_，构成完成时态。havebeen现在分词，构成_。havebeen过去分词，构成完成时态的被动语态。“do/does动词原形”构成_。“donot”构成否定句。will与动词原形一起构成一般将来时。would与动词原形一起构成_。助动词一、定义协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(auxiliary verb)。被协助的动词称作主要动词(main verb)。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。he doesnt like english.他不喜欢英语。(doesnt是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)二、助动词的用法1表示时态。he is singing.他在唱歌。he has got married.他已结婚。2表示语态。he was sent to england.他被派往英国。3构成疑问句。do you like college life？你喜欢大学生活吗？did you study english before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？4与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。i dont like him.我不喜欢他。5加强语气。do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。he did know that.他的确知道那件事。三、几种助动词的用法基本助动词只有三个：be，do，have，它们没有词汇意义，只有语法作用，如协助构成进行时、完成时、被动语态、否定句、疑问句等。he is giving a lecture.他在做报告。he has made a plan.他已经订了计划。the small animals are kept in the cages.小动物都关在笼子里。he doesnt smoke.他不吸烟。1助动词be：am，is/was，are/were的用法(1)“be现在分词”构成进行时态。they are having a meeting.他们正在开会。english is becoming more and more important.英语现在越来越重要。(2)“be过去分词”构成被动语态。the window was broken by tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。english is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。(3)“be动词不定式”可表示下列内容：用现在时表示最近、未来的计划或安排，这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态的表达法。he is to go to new york next week.他下周要去纽约。we are to teach the fresh students.我们要教新生。表示命令。you are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。he is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。征求意见。how am i to answer him？我该怎样答复他？who is to go there？谁该去那儿呢？表示相约、商定。we are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning.我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。2助动词do的用法(1)构成一般疑问句。do you want to pass the cet?你想通过大学英语测试吗？did you study german？你们学过德语吗？(2)donot构成否定句。i do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。he doesnt want to study.他不想学习。in the past，many students did not know the importance of english.过去，许多学生不知道英语的重要性。(3)构成否定祈使句。构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。dont go there.不要去那里。dont be so absentminded.不要这么心不在焉。(4)放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气。do come to my birthday party，please.请一定来参加我的生日聚会。i did go there.我确实去那儿了。i do miss you.我确实想你。/我真想你了。(5)用于倒装句。引导此类倒装句的副词有never，seldom，rarely，little，only，so等。never did i hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of english.只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。(6)用作代动词。do you like beijing？你喜欢北京吗？yes，i do.是的，喜欢。(do用作代动词，代替like beijing)he knows how to drive a car，doesnt he?他知道如何开车，对吧？3助动词have/had的用法(1)“have/had过去分词”构成完成时态。he has left for london.他已去了伦敦。(2)“have/hadbeen现在分词”构成完成进行时。i have been studying english for ten years.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。(3)“have/hadbeen过去分词”构成完成时态的被动语态。english has been taught in china for many years.中国教英语已经多年。4情态助动词(1)情态助动词包括will/would，shall/should，can/could，may/might，must，need，dare，ought to，used to，had better等，后接动词原形。(2)情态助动词不受主语的人称和数的限制。(3)两个情态助动词不能连用。随堂检测1.idontcarewhatmyteachersthink. well, you_.a. couldb. wouldc. shouldd. might2. hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_agoal. a. hadscoredb. scoredc. wouldscored. wouldhavescored3.in the past 30 years china _ great advances in the socialist revolution and socialist construction. a. having madeb. has madec. had maded. have made4. someoneisknockingatthedoor.isitann? it_beher.sheisgivingaperformanceatthetheaternow. a.mayb.mustc.cantd.mustnt5.difficultiesalwaysgowithme! cheer up! if god closes door in front of you, there _ be a window opened for you. a.wouldb.mustc.couldd.can6. no sooner _ he arrived home than he _ to start on another journey. a. had; was askedb. have; were askedc. had; is askedd. has; was asked 7.could we put off our camping? not really. we _ go on as planned. a. can as wellb. will as wellc. shall as welld. may as well 8. she is too thin. she _ gain some weight but she _ too little.a. would; ateb. will; eatc. would; eatsd. will; ate9.twohundredyearsforsuchat-shirt!you_bejoking! imnotjoking.itsmadeofsilk. a.cantb.canc.needd.must10.if you behave well from now on, you _ have a computer for your 18th birthday. a.willb.shallc.cand.must11.idontreallylikejames.whydidyouinvitehim? dont worry. he _ come. he said he wasnt certain what his plans were. a. must notb. need notc. might notd. would not12.i_soonerbutididntknowthattheywerewaitingforme. a. hadcomeb. wascomingc. wouldcomed. wouldhavecome13. ihearyou_ina pub. whats itlike? well, itsveryhandworkandimalwaystired,butidontmind. a. areworkingb. willworkc. wereworkingd. willbeworking14.she was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children _ everything! a. had been eatingb. had eatenc. have eatend. have been