必修2-unit1限制性和非限制性定语从句.doc

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1、 定语的概念：定语通常由形容词来担任，起限定和修饰名词或代词的作用。 She is a beautiful girl.（beautiful是定语）二、定语从句的概念：由一个句子来担任定语的功能，相当于一个形容词，用来限定和修饰名词或代词。 She is a girl who is beautiful.（who is beautiful这整个句子做定语）3、 定语从句中的概念例： This is an old computer. It works much slower. （这是两个简单句，其中后一句中的it代替an old computer) This is an old computer which/that works much slower. （这是一个复合句，which/that代替an old computer 引导定语从句） The CD is very good. I bought the CD. The CD that/which I bought is very good. This is the house.We lived in the house two years ago. This is the house where we lived two years ago.A. 先行词：是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词B. 关系词：引导定语从句的词关系词主要起三个作用：1.代替先行词 2.在定语从句中作句子成分引导从句 3.把从句和主句连接起来 四、定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号和主句隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，去掉后句意不完整是对先行词的补充说明，删除后句子意思仍完整译法上翻译成先行词的定语，“的”通常翻译成主句的并列句先行词只能是名词或代词可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子关系词A. 作宾语时可省略;B.可用that;C.可用who代替whom;D.可用whyA. 不可省；B.不用that; C.不用who代替whom; D.why要换为for which 形式不同： 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，与先行词之间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词。非限制性定语从句仅作为补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个句子。Eg:This is the house which we bought last month. （限制性） The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. （非限制性）功能不同： 限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清。而非限定性定语从句与先行词关系不失分密切，只是对于其做一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限定性定语从句省略，主句的意义仍然完整。Eg:People who take physical exercise live longer.（若把从句去掉句子就失去意义。） His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week.（若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整。）翻译不同： 在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词前面，而把非限定性语从句与主句分开。翻译下列句子，注意体会限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句在表达意义上的区别。1. He has a brother who is a physicist.他有一个当医生的兄弟。（不止一个兄弟，其中一个是医生） He has a brother, who is a physicist.他有一个兄弟，是个医生。（只有一个兄弟）2. He returned all the books which are written in English.他把所有的英文书都归还了。（还有别的书没归还） He returned all the books, which are written in English.他把所有的书都归还了；这些书都是英文书。*想一想： 为什么当先行词是专有名词或由物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的 ？【随即随练】翻译下列句子1. The man who lives next door is a doctor. 住在我隔壁的那个人是个医生。2. My sister, who lives next door, is a doctor. 我姐姐是个医生，住在我的隔壁。3. In our school there are eight foreign teachers who come from Australia. 我们学校有八位来自澳大利亚的外籍教师。4. In our school there are eight foreign teachers, who come from Australia. 我们学校共有八位外籍教师，他们来自澳大利亚。关系词的使用情况有所不同关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose关系副词：when, where, why限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中关系代词的使用对比表： 限制性定语从句代指人代指物作主语who, thatthat, which作宾语who, whom, that,(可省略)which, that(可省略）作定语whosewhose 非限制性定语从句代指人代指物作主语whowhich作宾语whom（不可省略）which（不可省略）作定语whose whose（1） 关系代词使用情况不同例1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.例2. A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.1） 指人时，作宾语，在限制性定语从句中，who可用，但在非限制性定语从句中who不可用。 判断以上两个例句哪个可以用who2）that 不可以用于引导非限制性定语从句（同上判断）3）关系代词省略情况不同（判断）【牛刀小试】 在下列横线上填入适当的关系代词 1. The is the book whose cover is blue2. The woman who/whom/that we talked about is my sister.3. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 4. A company whose profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunity.5. The man who/that lives next door is a doctor.6. Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be.7. He met with a pretty girl in the park, whom he fell in love at first sight.8. He has a brother, who is a physicist.（2）关系副词有when,where，why三个，在定语从句中一般做状语例1.Well graduate in July when we will be free.（限制性） Well graduate in July, when we will be free.（非限制性） 2.Last Sunday they reached Nanjing where a conference to be held.（限制性） Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, where a conference to be held.（非限制性） 3.I didnt know the reason why he was late.(限制性） 在非限制性定语从句中不能用why【随即随练】在下列横线上填入适当的关系副词 1.The rainbow cant be seen at noon, when the sun is high in the sky. 2.We played in the garden till sunset, when is began to rain. 3.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. 4.Ill give you my friends address, where I can be reached most evenings. 5.I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting.先行词不同：限制性定语从句中的先行词只能是名词或代词。在非限制性定语从句中，关系词which也可指代整个主句。如： The book that/which I bought is very interesting. (that/which 指the book) He returned all the books, which are written in English.（which指all the books) Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.（which 指整个主句)He changed his mind, which made me very angry. （which指整个主句）【随堂练习】1、 单项选择1.Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school A I met in the English speech contest last year. A.who B.where C.when D.which2. The old town has narrow streets and small houses D are built close to each other. A.they B.where C.what D.that3. All the neighbors admire this family, B the parents are treating their child as a friend. A.why B.where C.which D.that4. The visitor D passport was stolen was on his way to the US. A.which B.that C.who D.whose5. Everyone has periods in their lives A everything seems very hard. A.when B.where C.which D.that6.Well reach the sales targets in a month A we set at the beginning of the year. A.which B.where C.when D.what二、把下面的几个简单句合并为一个复合句：1. He is a young man. His parents are both doctors. He is a young man whose parents are both doctors.2. This is a boy. He is very clever. This is a boy who/that is very clever.3. Ningbo is a beautiful city.Some famous film stars have been to Ningbo. Ningbo that/which some famous film stars have been to is a beautiful city.4. Mr.smith has many friends.These friends came from all over the world. Mr.smith has many friends that/which came from all over the world.5.This is a factory. My parents work in this factory. This is a factory where my parents work.【课后练习】一、单项选择1. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, B turned out to be a wise decision. A.that B. which C.when D.where2. Women drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those dont. A.who;不填 B.不填；who C.who;who D.不填；不填3. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, B , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A.which B.who C.where D.whom4. Sales director is a position D communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A.which B.that C.when D.where5. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, A the audience can buy ice-cream.A.when B.where C.that D.which6. The exact year D Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. A.when B.where C.why D.which7. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment D they live.A.what B.which C.when D.where8.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work D a good impression is a must.A.which B.when C.as D.where9.Many children, B parents are away working in a big cities, are taken good care of in the village.A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom10.Until now, we have raised 50000 pounds for the poor children, B is quite unexpected.A.that B.which C.who D.it11.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those