江苏省扬州市宝应县安宜高级中学高考英语 考前辅导材料.doc

1 安宜高级中学安宜高级中学 20152015 届体艺部高考考前英语辅导材料届体艺部高考考前英语辅导材料 第一部分第一部分 听力部分听力部分 20152015 考纲要求 考纲要求 要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短对话和独白 考生应能 要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短对话和独白 考生应能 1 1 理解主旨要义 理解主旨要义 2 2 获取事实性的具体信息 获取事实性的具体信息 3 3 对所听内容作出简单推断 对所听内容作出简单推断 4 4 理解说话者的意图 观点或态度 理解说话者的意图 观点或态度 预测技巧预测技巧 充分利用听前时间和停顿时间 浏览题目和全部选项 预测可能涉及的内 容 如果是独白 一定要听好第一句和最后一句第一句和最后一句 在听语篇时要抓住要素即人物要抓住要素即人物 事件事件 时时 间间 地点地点 以便较好地理解和回忆全以便较好地理解和回忆全 篇篇 故事 保持良好的心态 切忌因急躁而影响故事 保持良好的心态 切忌因急躁而影响 听后面的内容 听后面的内容 识别关键词的技巧 识别关键词的技巧 透露说话人身份的关键词 透露地点场合的关键词 捕捉数 字 理解意义 在听录音时要注意转折 让步 否定和虚拟语气的特殊句型以及时态的 转换 以便把握说话者的真正意图 自上而下关注整篇内容的理解 速记技巧 速记技巧 许多材料中涉及数字 如年代 日期 价格 数量 并且会以基数词 序 数词 分数 小数 百分数等形式出现 有的听力题中还设置简单的计算 所以要求学 生熟悉各种数字形式并弄清其间关系 如 减价 20 off special offer special price 25 discount sale 原价 regular price normal price 增长 10 increase in 1 3 climb in sth 下降 10 decrease fall in 打七折 at a 30 discount one third off the normal price 时间运用技巧时间运用技巧 切记对于没有听清的题目 尤其是第一部分 采取及时放弃的原则 即随便选择一个然后把注意力集中到下一题 抢在下一题播放之前看完下一题的三个 全部选项 千万不可以纠缠于已播放完的前一题 第二部分第二部分 语言知识运用语言知识运用 20152015 考纲要求 考纲要求 要求考生能够运用基本的英语语法知识 掌握不少于要求考生能够运用基本的英语语法知识 掌握不少于 35003500 个英语单词和个英语单词和 400400 500500 个习个习 惯用语或固定搭配固定搭配 惯用语或固定搭配固定搭配 第一节第一节单项填空单项填空 答题应试技巧 答题应试技巧 认真分析句子结构 注意语境分析 克服思维定势 切记 语言是活的 而语法是死的 切记 语言是活的 而语法是死的 方法方法 多用排除法 遇上疑问句 强调句 定语从句 插入语等要对题干进行简化和还 原 单项填空做得好而快 不仅可以节省时间 而且还能增强信心 解题具体指导 解题具体指导 一 一 语境分析法语境分析法 语境即一定的语言环境 通过自然 巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐蔽某些有效的语境即一定的语言环境 通过自然 巧妙地设置一定的语言情景或故意隐蔽某些有效的 信息 稍不注意就会错选 信息 稍不注意就会错选 which of the twotwo ways shall i take to the village way as you please a each b every c any d either d are you sure you won t come for a drink with us if you insist a not at all b it depends c all right then d i don t care c 二 句子结构还原法二 句子结构还原法 还原或化简句子 题干以省略句 疑问句还原或化简句子 题干以省略句 疑问句 被动句 被动句 倒装句 强调句等形式 避开考 倒装句 强调句等形式 避开考 生所熟悉的陈述句结构 从而加大难度 有时题干较长生所熟悉的陈述句结构 从而加大难度 有时题干较长 加入了从句 插入语等修饰部加入了从句 插入语等修饰部 2 分 分 1 将疑问句 感叹句还原为陈述句 将疑问句 感叹句还原为陈述句 2013 年湖南卷 do not let any failures discourage you for you can never tell close you may be to victory a how b that c which d where a whom would you rather have with you a to go b go c gone d going b 还原为 you would rather have whom with you 2 将倒装句 强调句还原为正常语序将倒装句 强调句还原为正常语序 2013 年江西卷 only when he apologizes for his rudeness to him again a i will speak b will i speak c do i speak d i speak b it was the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home a repair b repairing c to repair d in repair b 还原为 the old man spent the whole morning the old clock at home i just wonder that made mark twain so famous a writer of course his early experiences a it was what b what he did c how he did d what it was d 3 将省略句还原为完整句将省略句还原为完整句 2013 江西卷 if to look after luggage for someone else inform the police at once a asked b to ask c asking d having asked a what made you so happy a because of my passing the exam b i passed the exam c because i passed the exam d my passing the exam d 还原成 made me so happy 4 4 将被动句改为主动句将被动句改为主动句 as a student every minute should be made full use hard at our lessons a of working b of to work c of work d of being work b 还原为 we should make full use of every minute our lesson well a cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen a smoke b smoking c to smoke d smoked b 5 将冗长题还原为简单题干将冗长题还原为简单题干 命题者往往有意设置一些无效附加信息 使题干复杂化 在解决这类题时 不妨将这些无效附加信息大胆合理地舍去 即将起干扰作用的定语从 句 非谓语动词 介词短语或插入语 如 i think suppose believe do you think suppose believe you know of course 等删除 从而更容易地选出正确答案 before you pay a visit to a place of interest look in your local library a book about it a on b at c for d to c mr smith in your eyes that affects the development of china s economy a what it is b what is it c how it is d where is it b it is global warming ratherrather thanthan otherother factors factors the extreme weather a that have led to b which has caused c which are causing d that has led to d 三 分析法三 分析法 解题时 考生必须分析句子结构 注意句子前后的一致性 如主谓一致 时态一致 代词 一致等 快速划分出意群 弄清句子结构并找出句子所缺的成分 才有利于问题的解 决 the room is empty except for a bookshelf in one corner a standing b to stand c stands d stood a 3 if nothing the oceans will turn into fish deserts a does b had been done c will do d is done d whom was it up to the matter a decide b to decide c deciding d decided b 四 突破思维定势法四 突破思维定势法 思维定势是学习过程中形成的一种习惯性思维定向 它在语言学习过程中可以起到积极 的作用 但也会误导学生不仔细分析问题 生搬硬套地去答题 因此 命题者会有意地 利用学生的思维定势 造成学生解题的失误 因此 学生应当灵活运用所学知识去分析 解决问题 the home improvements have taken what little there is my spare time a from b in c of d at c the country life he was used to greatly since 1992 2005 山东卷 a change b has changed c changingd have changed b 五 注重标点符号和连接词 注重标点符号和连接词 借助标点符号或连词 正确分析句子结构 它们往往决定句子后半部分是否是完整的句 子 从而判断所填答案是连词还是代词 是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 we are all embarrassed at the sight some chinese rubbish on the great wall followed by a foreigner up the litter a dropping picked b dropping picking c dropped picking d dropped picked b but he still didn t know what to do a though he had been told b he had been told c having been told d told b if an excellent chinese novel is translated into english means many more people in the world can enjoy it a as b which c what d that d 六 比较 排除法六 比较 排除法 比较法是对语法知识 词义 相似结构进行比较 排除法不能单独使用 他只是前几种比较法是对语法知识 词义 相似结构进行比较 排除法不能单独使用 他只是前几种 方法的补充 因为排除某一选项必须依据固定搭配和句子结构等来进行 方法的补充 因为排除某一选项必须依据固定搭配和句子结构等来进行 when i arrived bryan took me to the house i would be staying a what b when c where d which c a left luggage office is a place where bags be left for a short time especially at a railway station a should b can c must d will b 七 逻辑推理法七 逻辑推理法 根据前后文 进行逻辑推理 在四个选项都可以填入的情况下 要认真阅读全句 仔细 体会其语境 根据逻辑关系和常识 进行判断 选择最佳答案 no matter a full schedule you have only when you try really hard always fit some more things in it a how can you b what can you c which you can d when can you b do you think mom and dad late no swiss air is usually on time a were b will be c would be d have been b 八 规律可循法八 规律可循法 1 交际用语部分试题的选项中 错误选项不但错得比较明显 而且有一定的规律可循 错误选项的类型大体有 a 选项本身语法错误 b 选项议题与谈话主题无关 c 选项明显不符合英语文化习俗表达 d 选项虽然与谈话主题有关 但不能提供发问者要求的信息 态度或观点 it s more convenient to take a subway than drive a private car what s more it s also a good way to support the low carbon lifestyle 4 a quite sob so is itc by all means d all right a 2 通过对高考题的分析 可以发现交际用语的考查形式多样 给出第一句问语 选答 语的情况 给出答语 选第一句问语的情况 当然 居多 给出问语或答语的一部 分 让考生补充完整问语或答语 事实上 这就给了考生更多的提示 缩小了选择的范 围 在一定程度上降低了试题的难度 在做类似考题时 应抓住题干中已有的文字提供 的信息 选择最符合题意的选项 what a day nothing seems to be going my way susan you are killing yourself for all the work a take it easyb go right ahead c good luck d have great fun a 完形填空的解题指导完形填空的解题指导 解题步骤 一 研读首句 通览全文 抓准主旨 二 细读全文 注重语境 试选答案 1 注意上下文的内在联系 2 注意英汉两种语言的差异 不能简单地互译 3 研读细节 准确认定语境 4 发挥逻辑思维能力 挖掘文章寓意 隐意 三 复核全文 弥补疏漏 确保最佳 2 解题技巧 1 利用首句信息解题 首句是一个完整的句子 它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键 可以帮助我们判断全文 大意甚至全文主题 首句为 one afternoon i was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant waiting for the food i had ordered to arrive when the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the waiter and i 43 each other he seemed even more puzzled as 44 went on and it became 45 that all the waiters in the restaurant knew me finally he got up and went into the 46 41 a menu b bill c paper d food 42 a direct b familiar c strange d funny 43 a chatted with b looked at c laughed at d talked about 44 a the waiter b time c i d the dinner 45 a true b hopeful c clear d possible 46 a restaurant b washroom c office d kitchen d b a b c d 2 利用语法分析解题 例 51 do you suppose he asked for them 51 a what b how c who d which b 3 利用惯用法和词语辨析知识解题 例 these days only a few people continue to take the story of the abominable snowman 52 but if they ever succeed in catching one they may face a real problem would they put it in a zoo or give it a room in a hotel 52 a lightly b jokingly c seriously d properly c 例 the word spaghetti brought back the 36 memory of an evening at uncle allen s in belleville 37 all of us were seated around the table and aunt pat 37 a when b where c since d after a 4 利用语篇标志解题 5 语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位 如句群 段落 篇章等 语篇与语篇之间往往有表明 其内在联系的词语 这些词语被称为 语篇标志 如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有 firstly secondly thirdly finally 等 表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有 thus therefore so 等 表示改变话题的语篇标志语有 by the way 等 表示递进关系的语篇标志语有 besides what s more further 等 表示时间关系的语篇标志语有 before so far yet meanwhile later 等等 例 my mother believed i could 45 connect with the afterlife world she told a close friend she used to have me speak with my grandmother who died many years ago can i i don t think i can tracy said with a 1augh but i do 46 when things come to me 47 46 a events b chance c feelings d moments 47 a for no reason b from a distance c by accident d as gifts da 5 利用上下文线索排除干扰 如 1 traveling west you set your clock 1 traveling east you set it ahead a behind b forward c back d ahead 2 many old people don t have good 2 they can t watch tv but they can listen to the music a hearing b health c eyesight d time 3 many africans are very 3 and so they can t afford to eat much meat with their cereal a healthy b poor c rich d weak 4 mrs o neill asked 7 questions and she didn t scold us either a no b certain c many d more 5 20 the wallet found in the street be put into a pocket 21 turned over to the policeman should the extra change received at the store be forgotten or returned 20 a should b must c would d need 21 a and b or c then d but c c b a a b 6 利用文化背景和生活常识解题 1 in the summer vacation of 1997 i was fixed with a job i worked as a n 1 at mr green s fruit shop a operator b assistant c waiter d secretary 2 it was an early morning in summer in the street sleepy eyed people were moving quickly heading towards their 3 a homes b houses c restaurants d offices 3 the slave escaped from his master and fled to the 4 as he was wondering about there he came upon a lion a street b park c forest d field 4 immediately the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the 13 hospital a animal b biggest c plant d nearest 5 the space becomes bigger to let the rail expand 膨胀 when it gets 11 a hot b wet c cold d dry 6 in 1964 shirley graduated from gallaudet and looked for 44 she wanted to be 45 and work full time 44 a informationb help c a job d an assistant 45 a happy b independent c free d 6 confident b d c d a c b 7 利用逻辑判断解题 例 and they said that they had even caught yetis on two occasions though none has been produced as evidence 证据 but 50 no evidence has ever actually been produced 50 a so b besides c again d instead c 8 利用暗示和对应解题 例 mr adamson enjoys playing the violin in his spare time he is often carried away by his own 1 but it is a 2 time for his neighbors when mr adamson plays as he does so badly one day mr adamson sat by a 3 and began to play the violin as usual mr adamson seemed to be making 4 instead of music but he was so 5 that he almost forgot what he was doing just then some stones were thrown out of the window under which mr adamson was sitting 1 a violin b music c neighbors d hands 2 a terrible b useless c wonderful d long 3 a house b door c window d wall 4 a sound b something c noises d voices 5 a angry b excited c comfortable d disappeared baccb 9 摆脱思维定势 逆向思维排除干扰 例 it isn t really true that he was too 31 lazy to work in fact he had tried a few 32 jobs first of all he was a window cleaner and in his first week he managed to 33 at least 6 windows 33 a rub b drop c break d clean c 10 利用排除法解题 例 should the wallet found in the street be put into a pocket or turned over to the policeman should the 47 change received at the store be forgotten or returned nobody will know except you but you have to live with yourself and it is always better to live with someone you respect 47 a extra b small c some d necessary a 11 利用排比结构解题 排比结构 指的是结构相同或相似 意思密切关联 语法一致的句子或词组成串排列 的语言现象 例 many people now think that teachers give pupils too much homework they say that it is 51 for children to work at home in their free time 52 they argue that most teachers do not 53 plan the homework tasks they give to pupils 51 a unnecessary b uninteresting c unfortunate d unimportant 52 a nevertheless b however c therefore d moreover 53 a considerably b favorably c properly d pleasantly adc 12 利用词汇复现解题 例 and the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o clock three days from that day since he was 44 in three days andy didn t lose anytime 44 a moving b returning c staying d leaving d 利用对比结构解题 例 a pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 59 room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small noisy 7 room with the television on 59 a furnished b expensive c comfortable d suitable c 另外 考生考试时的良好的心态也是做好完形填空的关键 我们在做完形填空时应该做 到 不急不躁不急不躁 不厌不惧不厌不惧 成竹在胸成竹在胸 冷静答题 冷静答题 第三部分第三部分 阅读理解阅读理解 20152015 考纲要求 考纲要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品 科普文章 公告 说明 广告以及书 报 杂志要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品 科普文章 公告 说明 广告以及书 报 杂志 及各类媒体中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题 考生应能 及各类媒体中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题 考生应能 1 1 理解语篇的主旨要义 理解语篇的主旨要义 2 2 理解文中具体信息 理解文中具体信息 3 3 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义 4 4 根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理 根据文中事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理 5 5 理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系 理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系 6 6 理解作者的观点 意图和态度 理解作者的观点 意图和态度 7 7 提炼文章提纲 概括主要内容 理解关键信息 提炼文章提纲 概括主要内容 理解关键信息 答题应试技巧 答题应试技巧 题型 主旨大意题 事实细节题 猜测词义题 推理判断 观点态度类 文章脉络结构题 作者写作手法 1 关注文章脉络结构 2 关注每一小节的主题句 也就是说读完每小节就要弄清它的 main idea 3 采取 skimming 关注主题句 其余 supporting information 扫视即可 4 如题目是细节题则通过 scanning 有针对性地对读过的某小节仔细辨别具体信息 5 通过上下文保证猜词题不失分 6 文章 the best title 或 main idea 即文章主旨题 不能以偏概全也不能范围太大 7 关注题目题干 即要求 与选项的匹配 如题目为推理题 而如果选了事实题 那就 不对了 8 对一些推测作者接下来要写的段落内容或第一节前面所写的内容可通过文章承上启下 的特点关注文章最后一节或第一节的内容 关于涂卡 关于涂卡 最好在做完一卷后先涂卡 以防做完 ii 卷后时间紧张 解题步骤可以总结为一套解题程序 也就是解题步骤可以总结为一套解题程序 也就是 三步走三步走 即 即 第一步 读题目 主要是题干 第一步 读题目 主要是题干 找关键词 找关键词 先仔细阅读题目 找出题干中的关键词 关键词一般是题干主谓宾的实词或者特征 明显的词 人名 地名 时间 数字等 根据题目的关键词 读原文 找命题点 有目的地在原文中搜索相关信息 将题 目中的关键词先定位到原文中的一个段落 进而定位到相关句子 要注意顺序性 即题目的顺序和原文内容的顺序基本一致 关键词的确定也有技巧 如果题目或选项中有专有名词 人名 地名等 数字 年 代 时间等 要将此定位为关键词 因为这些词有特点 在文章中很容易找到 所 以很快就可以定位相应的细节 从而找到正确答案 如果题目或选项中没有明显的 词 可以定位主要的名词或动词为关键词 第二步 对照题目和命题点 选择最佳答案第二步 对照题目和命题点 选择最佳答案 常见的正确选项是对原文命题点的原文再现 同义转述或二者的结合 高档题可能 还需要考生进行一定的归纳 总结 推理或概括 但一切都要严格依照原文命题点 避免主观判断 一 归纳题 主旨大意题 一 归纳题 主旨大意题 对于归纳题 很多考生总觉得有 花非花 雾非雾 的朦胧迷乱感 其实 只要 盯住一篇文章的四个角落 首段首句 首段尾句 尾段首句 尾段尾句 首段首句 首段尾句 尾段首句 尾段尾句 就基本上不会 出现方向上的偏离 这里的 句 即可以是一个完整的句子 也可以是复杂句中的主句 打油诗 主要看开头 偶尔看结尾 首尾需呼应 打油诗 主要看开头 偶尔看结尾 首尾需呼应 does everyone want a challenging job in spite of all the attention focused by the media academician and social scientists on human potential and the needs of individuals there is no evidence to support that the vast majority of workers want challenging jobs some individuals prefer complex 8 and challenging jobs others develop in simple routine work q which is the best title for the passage a everyone doesn t want a challenging jobs b complex jobs offer growth opportunities c employers should create challenging jobs d challenging jobs give a sense of recognition 二 推理判断题二 推理判断题 推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上 做出一定判断和推论 从而得到文 章的隐含意义和深层意义 推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话 也可是某几句话 但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据 既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理 也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理 所以 推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信 息一步推出的答案 即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写 paraphrase 或综合 he was a widower 鳏夫 always looking sad he looked tailor made for a librarian silent as his books or a romantic poet but a mathematics teacher was the last guess anyone could make about him q what does the underlined part mean a his dream was to be a poet b he wasn t equal to teaching math c he didn t look like a math teacher d he was silent and used to be a librarian 三 猜测词义题猜测词义题 这种技巧大体可分为两大类 1 1 通过上下文推测词义通过上下文推测词义 通过上下文猜词就是根据一个词所处的具体的语言环境 运用有关线索 如同 义词 反义词 举例 重述或定义等推测词义 也可以运用逻辑推理和其他的知识 如 生活经验 普通常识等推断词 2 2 牢牢抓住推测词义的前一句话或后一句话 牢牢抓住推测词义的前一句话或后一句话 to make worse a growing body of research suggests that the negative effects of sitting too much cannot be countered with a good diet and regular exercise according to an article in the new york times q what does the underlined word mean a made up for b had access to c added up to d stood up for 第四部分第四部分 任务型阅读任务型阅读 任务型阅读答题技巧 任务型阅读答题技巧 任务型阅读应试策略 1 通读全文 了解全文大意 2 把握文章主体结构和写作思路 3 根据已有的表格内容的提示来确定短文的类型和图表的设计线索 理清短文图表 的设计原理 4 依据关键词语利用近义 反义 上下义等关系在短文中或文外寻找并确定答案 利用常用文章结构 主要意义和写作等方面的概括词确定文章以外的填词 5 浏览填好的图表 审读答案 6 注意答题要求 语言规范 词形变化和书写工整 拼写错误 拼写不完整 拼写不 规范 大小写错误 单词没有填写在指定的位置 没有按题目要求正确运用单词的时 态 语态等形式均为错误 常见概括性词有 常见概括性词有 原因 the reason s forfor the cause s ofof 结果 result s s consequence s 影响 have effect s effect s on upon have influece s influece s on upon have impact s impact s on upon 目的 purpose s aim s goal s 措施 take measure s measure s steps steps to do 方法 solution s solution s to doing sth way s way s to do of doing sth approach es approach es to 9 doing sth 解决办法 solution s to the problem solve the problem 观点 opinion s opinion s on about view s view s on about idea s idea s on about 态度 attitude s attitude s to towards 异同 differences similarities 优劣 advantages 和 disadvantages 强弱 强弱 strength s 和 weakness es 建议 suggestion s suggestion s tip s tip s adviceadvice on about sth 重要意义 significance impor