笔译材料(课上).doc

翻译技巧篇 1、 被动语态英汉相比，英语多用被动语态，而汉语则少用，其愿因之一也许是汉语系意合语言，这个“被”字完全可以被“融化”掉。此外，汉语表达被动的方式比较丰富。下段共计14个谓语动词，竟用了13个被动语态。As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rocks structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck, a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.2、 长句练习（1）There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.（2）Multitudes of bees used to bury themselves in the yellow blossoms of the summer squashes. This, too, was a deep satisfaction; although, when they had laden themselves with sweets, they flew away to some unknown hive, which could give back nothing in requital of what my garden had contributed.（3）Coupled with the growing quantity of information is the rapid development of technologies which enable the storage and delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations than has ever been possible before.（4）The thought that she would be separated from husband during his long and dangerous journey saddened Mrs. Brown.技巧练习段落Ononeofthosesoberandrathermelancholydays，inthelatterpartofAutumn，whentheshadowsofmorningandeveningalmostmingletogether，andthrowagloomoverthedeclineoftheyear，IpassedseveralhoursinramblingaboutWestminsterAbbey.Therewassomethingcongenialtotheseasoninthemournfulmagnificenceoftheoldpile；and，asIpasseditsthreshold，seemedlikesteppingbackintotheregionsofantiquity，andlosingmyselfamongtheshadesofformerages技巧练习篇章Globalization and Diversity, What Do They Mean for Translators?-Speech at the Opening Ceremony of FIT Fourth Asian Translators ForumFirst, I want to thank you, in my own name and in the name of the FIT Executive Committee, for your kind invitation. We come from different countries. Please let me introduce my colleagues of the executive committee of FIT: Ms. Bente Christensen from Norway, Vice President of FIT; Mr. Peter Krawutschke from the U.S., Treasure of FIT; Ms. Miriam Lee from Ireland, Secretary-General of FIT; Ms. Sheryl Hinkkanen from Finland, hostess of the next FIT World Congress in 2005. I am also happy to introduce Mr. Ari Penttil, President of the Finnish Association of Translators and Interpreters. He will also wait for you at Tampere, Finland next year. We are all thrilled to be here, in a part of the world we do not visit very often. Our profession is growing. It is growing everywhere. The demand for our services is growing in volume because of globalization, and it is also growing in the number of languages translated because of emerging economies like yours, in China. For instance, Chinese is more and more in demand in the West Coast of Canada and a brand new TV Channel aimed at the Chinese community in France just hired 14 translators from Chinese to French. I really think this is a sign of vigor and health for the profession and, considering what has been done so far in China, it is probably not the last time we see each other. Globalization is not coming. It is upon us and we see it in the news everyday. It has meant, for our profession, the creation of international providers of translation services and of a new discipline called localization. These big translation companies have also created or are using new tools which enhance the translators performance, sometimes for the good, sometimes not. Sometimes, the translator is torn between conflicting requirements and is not given the right conditions to do a proper professional work. That is where professional associations and FIT have a role to play. They have to set guidelines for their members and their members clients so that translation is carried out professionally in order to avoid errors that can sometimes be fatal. We do not say it often enough, but a mistake in, say, assembly instructions of an electric device, can be very damaging, as can be an error in the numbers of a very important financial report. Professional translation is crucial as it is the warranty of good international communications, hence efficient trade and exchanges between countries and economies. It is our role, as associations, to make the public aware of the necessity of professional translation and to fight the belief that anyone who is bilingual can be a translator. If it were so easy, we would not have created university degrees, would we? We have to do it, and we have to do it together. That is the strength of FIT. All together, we have to convey the same message of quality and professionalism, through our associations, through the regional centers and through FIT as an international body. But globalization does not mean that we have to leave out culture and diversity. UNESCO has issued a Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity which, in the UNESCO General Secretarys own words “aims both to preserve cultural diversity as a living, and thus renewable treasure that must not be perceived as being unchanging heritage but as a process guaranteeing the survival of humanity”. To me, diversity means first and foremost people understanding each other and exchanging. And how are they going to understand each other if not through translation and translators?Translation and translators are therefore going to be increasingly in demand in the years to come. That is why I am talking of a golden age for our profession. Never in history have we been so indispensable to trade, culture, peace, and humanity. However, translators in general are very discreet people and do not know how to market their skills. The nature of our work requires from us to render a message and disappear, so that the final reader does not realize it is a translation. We are so accustomed to disappear that we forget how indispensable we are.Just imagine one day in the world without translation. The United Nations, the World Trade Organization and all the NGOs, the transnational companies, TV channels, newspapers, etc. would all be mute. We are like the electricity in the wires and the water in the tap. They are so natural to most of us that it is only when they are unavailable that we realize how useful they are. Keep that in mind and spread the word!I want to wish you all a very fruitful and successful meeting, and thank again the Translators Association of China for their warm welcome and exquisite hospitality. Betty CohenPresident of the International Federation of Translators （FIT）直译与意译rules every achiever knowsThis might involve routine daily decisionssomething as simple as skipping a favorite late-night TV show and getting to bed early, to be wide awake for a meeting the next morning. Or it might involve longer-term resolves. A young widow with three children decided to invest her insurance settlement in a college education for herself. She considered the realities of tight budget and little free time, but these seemed small sacrifices in return for the doors that a degree would open. Today she is a highly paid financial consultant.The secret of such commitment is getting past the drudgery and seeing the delight. “The fact is that many worthwhile endeavors arent fun,” say one syndicated radio and TV commentator. “True, all work and no play makes Johnny a dull boy. But trying to turn everything we do into play makes for terrible frustrations because lifeeven the most rewarding oneincludes circumstances that arent fun at all. I like my job as a journalist. Its personally satisfying, but it isnt always fun.”翻译文体篇A：It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are requested to remind themselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.B: The number of books in the library has been going down. Please make sure you know the rules for borrowing, and dont forget that the library is for everyones convenience. So from now on, were going to enforce the rules strictly. You have been warned!本文作者是一位美国报纸专栏作家，幽默大师。文章由三封文体不同的求职信及回信组成。本文重在文体，译文必须有所体现Job Hunting1、Vice President of DevelopmentGlucksville DynamicsGlucksville, CaliforniaDear Sir,I am writing in regard to employment with your firm. I have a BS from USC and Ph.D in physics from the California Institute of Technology.In my previous position I was in charge of research and development for the Harrington Chemical Company. We did work in thermonuclear energy, laser beam refraction, hydrogen molecule development, and heavy-water computer data.Several of our research discoveries have been adapted for commercial use, and one particular breakthrough in linear hydraulics is now being used by every oil company in the country.Because of a cutback in defense orders, the Harrington Company decided to shut down its research and development department. It is for this reason I am available for immediate employment.Hoping to hear from you in the near future, I remain Sincerely yours, Edward KaseDear Mr. Kase,We regret to inform you that we have no positions available for someone of your excellent qualifications. The truth of the matter is that we find you are “overqualified” for any position we might offer you in our organization. Thank you for thinking of us, and if anything comes up in the near future, we will be getting in touch with you. Yours truly, Merriman Haslbald Administrative Vice-President 2、Pesonnel DirectorJessel Insternational SystemsCrewcut, Mich.Dear Sir,I am applying for a position with your company in any responsible capacity. I have had a college education and fiddled around in research and development. Occasionally we have come up with some moneymaking ideas. I would be willing to start off at a minimal salary to prove my value to your firm. Sincerely yours, Edward KaseDear Mr. Kase,Thank you for your letter of the 15 th. Unfortunately we have no positions at the moment for someone with a college education. Frankly it is the feelings of everyone here that you are “overqualified”, and your experience indicates you would be much happier with a company that could make full use of your talents. It was kind of you to think of us. Hardy Landsdowne Personnel Dept.3、To Whom It May ConcernGeis & Waterman Inc.Ziegfried, III.Dere ser,Id like a job with your outfit. I can do anything you want me to. You name it Kase will do it. I aint got no education and no experience, but Im strong and moxy an I get along great with peeple. Im ready to start any time because I need the bread. Let me know when you want me. Cheers Edward Kase Dear Mr. Kase,You are just the person we have been looking for. We need a truck driver, and your qualifications are perfect for us. You can begin working in our Westminister plant on Monday. Welcome aboard. Carson Peters Personnel文学篇Chinas Seniors-The Growing Age ProblemI have solved one of the mysteries about China and its people - to be more specific, its senior citizens. When I first came here 16 months ago, I wondered where the oldies were. Everywhere I looked, young people dominated the streetscape, walking briskly to work, riding their bikes to universities near my apartment in the Haidian District, but few elderly people appeared among them.When I asked a local resident, she explained: They come out early in the morning, and youll see them again at night, often exercising. Were they some kind of nocturnal species, I wondered, unable to face the light and pace of day? I decided to investigate. Across the road from the Friendship Hotel is a set of exercise bars and swings. I had seen them during the day, mostly unused. Like Sherlock Holmes trying to crack a most puzzling case, I sneaked over to see for myself on a warm summer evening. It was about 8 oclock and as I crept closer, there they were. People in their 60s, 70s and probably 80s, stretching, bending and exercising in ways that would cause creaks and groans in their much younger offspring. This was indeed grey power in action. As I watched, I could hear distant music in the still night air - not rock or pop but something more melodic. Heading towards it, I found myself outside a paved open space near the Beijing Modern Plaza, filled with about 60 mature-aged women holding fans and stepping out in a most elegant way as an instructor guided them through a traditional dance routine. Since then I have found even more, especially in the early morning, on my way to work at CCTV. As the car passed the Zizhuyuan (Black Bamboo) Park, seniors danced together and by themselves, moving effortlessly. My biggest surprise was while walking with friends around the Houhai Lake on a fine but bitterly cold Saturday afternoon last winter. Still the detective, I was alerted to what sounded like water splashing, followed by people cheering. This lead to an even more amazing sight - elderly men wearing only their bathing costumes, as onlookers rugged up in thick coats, applauded. I stood open-mouthed, pulling my own coat tighter against my chilled skin, watching these thick-skinned seniors dive and survive their near-naked plunge into the freezing water. I had indeed found the Beijing equivalent of the Bondi Icebergs in Sydney and the Brighton Icebergs of Melbourne, elderly men who swim in those cities famous beaches throughout winter. But the water in Houhai Lake must have been much colder than the Australian beaches because it was only days away from freezing over. My detective work had paid off. I had now uncovered the evidence and found the answer to my mystery: Elderly people are alive and well in China. But in finding the answer, questions arise as the population not only ages longer, but grows to numbers that put added pressure on the society to which we all belong. It is not just a problem here, but in many countries, developed and developing. In China, these problems seem exacerbated in urban areas where the load of looking after ageing parents is now falling on their one-child offspring, many being handed opportunities greater than their parents ever envisaged when they were young. Some of these young people are friends of mine. One who was offered a post overseas last year, said: I feel guilty. When I asked why, she replied: Because my parents cannot come with me and I will worry about their health all the time. I assured her that everyone who leaves home shares the same concerns, but for her, the only child, there are no siblings to help. It weighs heavily even at a time when Mum and Dad are in good health, not yet needing special care. Only a few days ago, another friend explained that keeping both parents literally under his own family roof, will provide an environment of love and warmth. It is my duty, he added emphatically. While Western countries may promote family independence by offering a range of options for those who can afford it, Chinas tradition of keeping the family together through interdependence seems as important today as ever, no matter how wealthy individual members may become. In the West, retirement homes are a favoured option by a growing section of the community, often for sound reasons. They provide various levels of care ranging from independent accommodation in small villas where residents look after themselves, to dependent care in which everything from meals to medical facilities is provided within the complex. At the same time, it is a big business with huge money to be made, and a set of conditions to ensure residents will back each dwelling to the operators. My mother-in-law has just entered one of these homes in New Zealand after a series of falls which made living alone a worry not only for herself, but her family living in the same city. A few years ago she told me: I will never live in one of those places. But while her body is now not as sound as her mind, she admits the previous situation was untenable. As father of two sons and a daughter, I presently have no plans