观赏植物与花卉试题2013.doc

2013观赏植物与花卉试题 说明:（1）选课的同学有下列题目供选择，从下列题目（1-13题）中任选一题，每一道题目要求同学查阅相关资料后回答，在论述的过程中必须阐明自己的观点和观点的理由或依据。可以引用别人的观点，但要加以评论。最好列出参考文献。第14题是必答题，请认真作答。（2）采用论文的形式（3）内容为2000字左右。要求手写于答题纸上。 （4）论文在第16周课堂上收齐，过期不候。 1. 彩色的主要观赏树种有哪些？你对它们了解多少？在景观设计和园林建设方面有哪些作用？2. 论述观赏植物叶的类型与观赏特性3. 论述观赏植物花的类型与观赏特性4. 论述观赏植物果的类型与观赏特性5. 如果对学校绿化（人行道、广场、小树林等、食堂等）进行重新改造，谈谈你的设想，说出理由。6. 结合所学主要观赏树木的特点（树形、颜色、生理特点等）请设计一套玛珈山的绿化方案。 7. 结合观赏植物与环境因子的关系，谈谈花卉养殖中应注意的问题。 8. 谈谈你对中国是世界园林之母的看法 9. 谈谈现代花卉的现状和发展趋势。 10. 阅读下面文字从某一角度论述中国传统文化与观赏花卉的关系。花文化根植于中国传统文化之中，人品和花格的相互渗透是这一文化现象的集中体现。人格寄托于花格，花格依附于人格，二者不可分离。中国文人赏花时并不是单单欣赏花儿美丽的外表，他们常常把花木当作与人类在本质上具有一致性的灵性之物来对待。因此，他们在对花木的审美过程中，往往会自觉或不自觉地把自己的心情、感受借助花木表达出来。我国是花的国度，也是诗的国度。自古爱花的趣闻轶事不胜枚举。屈原以兰喻己，陶潜采菊东篱，诗仙醉卧花阴，杜甫感花溅泪。在众多中国文人心中，花是诗词歌赋取之不尽的吟咏题材，是名词佳句闪耀灵光的源头所在。花的出现成就了一个文学的国度，使得文学的殿堂姹紫嫣红、精彩纷呈。文人不仅以花入诗，很多词牌名、曲牌名也与花相关联。采莲子、醉花阴、山花子、荷叶杯、木兰花、一剪梅、桂枝香等等，由此可见花与诗词的深厚渊源。 中国观花观果植物的文化内涵同时也通过绘画、雕塑、摄影、建筑、文学等艺术形式以及造园工艺、民间花市活动、宗教、文人墨客轶事等多层面表现出来。红楼梦第六十二回当中就有“憨湘云醉卧芍药茵，呆香菱情解石榴裙”来以花隐喻人物的性格。而在北宋年间则有著名的四相簪花宴的故事，四朵金带围芍药花戴在韩琦、王硅、王安石、陈升之四人头上，后来他们四人都先后成为宋朝的宰相。人们通过对花卉的欣赏、拟人化描述及以花卉果实为主题跨时空的联想，来阐述对社会、人生和整个世界的看法以及政治观点和道德价值取向。11. 下面是“The story of the tulip”一篇文章，你阅读后有哪些感想！ 附： The tulip, symbol of Holland. But did you know that this flower has its roots in the mountains of Kazakhstan? Even in Holland most people do not know that this is the real place where their national symbol originated. Most Dutch people will tell you that the original tulip was growing in Turkey but in fact traders from Turkey brought it at the end of the 16th century from the Central Asian mountain ranges to Western Europe. In that period, the Turkish Empire was much larger than the current country Turkey. The first reports of tulips in Europe date from 1560 and it crossed the Dutch border around 1570. The first tulips in the Hortus Botanicus of the Leiden University were planted there in 1593 by the botanist Carolus Clusius. He wanted to show this special plant only to botanist but after a burglary in the Hortus the bulb spread over the country. The prices paid for a tulip rose quickly and a single bulb of the Semper August changed owner for prices of 3000 Dutch guilders. At that time you could buy for the same price a decent house in Amsterdam. A similar tulip species was sold a short time later for 4500 guilders, a horse and a carriage. Because there were less bulbs than could be traded, businessmen started to sell future contracts for bulbs that were still in the soil. These contracts were sold with enormous profits and more and more people wanted to buy these contracts. An orphanage that sold some tulip bulbs from the inheritance of orphans earned 90000 Dutch guilders, equivalent to millions of euros in present days. To compare, at almost the same moment the famous painter Rembrandt only asked 1600 guilders for his painting The Night watch. In 1637, the prices for tulips didnt rise anymore and there were rumours that the end of the profit was near. An implosion of the market followed and thousands of businessmen were ruined. The Dutch have created hundreds of different types of tulips in the last centuries. But not only the Dutch were good in creating new types. Nature did also a good job in Kazakhstan where you can find 34 different species of this flower in the wild today. 6 of these species are present in the Aksu-Jabagly nature reserve. If you are comming from Holland or are interested in this flower, a walking trip in the Aksu-Jabagly nature reserve will be the best opportunity to see this flower in its own habitat. While walking in the nature reserve, you will find many tulip species lik