土木工程常用词汇.doc

土木科目bridge engineering 桥梁工学mechanics of materials 材料力学theoretical mechanics 理论力学architectural engineering 建筑工程municipal engineering 市政工程sructural engineering 结构工程geotechnical engeering 岩土工程transportation engineering 交通工程construction engineering 建设工程engineering management 工程管理architecture 建筑学设计单位academy of architecture 建筑学会Architectural design institute 建筑设计院architects association 建筑师协会chief engineer 总工程师civil engineer 土木工程师building trade 建筑业design decision 设计方案建筑学规划occupancy rate 居住率dwelling environment 居住环境planning standard specification 设计标准技术规范architectural planning 建筑规划architectural complex 建筑群building core 建筑物的核心带building costs 建筑成本building density 建筑密度architectural appearance 建筑外观architectural concept 建筑构思architectural lighting 建筑照明daylighting area 天然采光面积afforestation of city 城市绿化boulevard 林荫大道industrial development area 工业发展区agricultural buildings 农业建筑agricultural town 农业城镇建筑制图standard drawing 标准图drafting department 绘图室draftman 绘图员rough drawing 草图airview 鸟瞰图Architectural plan(view)建筑平面图Architectural elevation drawing 建筑立面图Architectural section剖面图detail drawing 详图sectional detail drawing 剖面详图Construction detail drawing 施工详图建筑类别apartment building 公寓大楼apartment house 公共住宅housing construction 住宅建筑industrial building 工厂厂房dwelling construction 住宅建筑high rise building 高层建筑物dwelling unit 居住单元house building industry 房屋建筑工业建筑构件architectural space 建筑空间access 入口balcony 阳台base 基础hung ceiling 吊顶parapet 女儿墙secondary stairs 辅助楼梯gable wall 山墙eaves trough 檐沟accommodations 居住设施damp proof course 防水层emergency door 太平门alarm system 警报系统fireproof material 耐火材料fire water supply 消防给水fireproof door 耐火门access hole 检查孔architectural hardware 建筑小五金装饰interior designer 屋内设计者interior finish 室内装修architectural constructional materials 装饰建筑材料architectural decoration 建筑装饰initial investment 初期投资gradation of the fire safety 火灾安全分类混凝土air entrained concrete 加气混凝土air tight concrete 气密混凝土build concrete 建筑用混凝土prestressing force 预应力prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土expansive concrete 膨胀混凝土reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土precast reinforced concrete 预制钢筋混凝土high strength concrete 高强度混凝土high pressure steam curing 高压蒸汽养护concrete strength 混凝土强度concrete stress 混凝土应力concrete test cube 混凝土立方体试块ingredients of concrete 混凝土成分post stressed concrete 后张法预应力混凝土standard cube of concrete 混凝土标准立方体constituents of concrete 混凝土成分cube strength of 28 days 二十八天龄方块强度cube strength test 立方体强度试验design of concrete 混凝土配合比设计design of mix proportion 配合比设计in place slump test 现场坍落度试验crack formation 裂缝形成concrete curing 混凝土养护concrete pump 混凝土泵concrete worker 混凝土工agitating truck 混凝土搅拌汽车reinforcement placement 钢筋布置reinforcement ratio 配筋率reinforcement stirrup 箍筋reinforcing 配筋steel concrete shuttering 钢筋混凝土模板置two way reinforced concrete 双向配筋的钢筋混凝土reinforcement assembly 配筋bent reinforcement bar 上弯钢筋bent up bar 上弯钢筋bar arrangement drawing 布筋图bar bender 钢筋弯具bar bending machine 钢筋弯具bar cropping machine 钢筋切断器bar cross section 钢筋横截面water/binder ratio 水灰比all concrete frame 全混凝土框架cavity brick 空心砖cement 水泥cement block 水泥砌块cement brand 水泥牌号final set 终凝fine concrete 细骨料混凝土mix proportions 混合比modulus of elasticity 弹性模量建筑施工管理quatation 投标contract documents 合同文件contract agreement 承包合同contract condition 合同条件contract construction 发包工程general contract 总合同general contractor 总承包者cost of design 设计费用cost of maintenance 养护费cost of operation 运转费cost of production 生产成本cost of transportation 运输费cost of upkeep 维持费cost per unit 单价final acceptance 最终验收final payment 结算supervision of works 施工监督building economy 建筑经济aacceptance of work 工程验收accident prevention 事故预防施工图和人员general view 总图building office 施工办公室general arrangement drawing 总布置图assembling drawing 装配图production drawings 施工图building drawing 施工图constructional detail 构造详图constructional drawing 构造图constructor 施工人员demoulding 脱模foreman 工长general foreman 总工长carpenter 木工build labourer 建筑工人builder 建造者assembler 装配工field bending 场地钢筋弯曲加工施工现场field control 现场管理field assembly 现场装配building yard 建筑场地building operations 建筑施工construction schedule 施工程序表construction sequence 施工程序construction site 建筑场地rate of progress of the construction 建筑施工速度shrinkage joint 收缩缝constuction joint 施工缝crane 起重机fill 填土form release agent 脱模剂formwork 模板filler 填充物ground works 土方工程staging 脚手架carrying wall 承重墙conveyor 传送带lacing wire 绑扎用铁丝pump concrete 泵送混凝土actual strength 实际强度carrying capacity 承载能力excavated volume 开挖量力学计算stress 应力stress alternation 应力变换stress calculation 应力计算stress circle 应力图stress components 应力分量effective stress 有效应力stress concentration 应力集中stress condition 应力状态stress diagram 应力图stress distribution 应力分布stress state 应力状态stress strain curve 应力 应变关系曲线allowable stress 容许应力allowable stresses method 容许应力法peak stress最大应力弯曲bending 弯曲bending failure 弯曲破坏bending moment 弯矩bending moment diagram 弯矩图bending strength 抗弯强度flexural stiffness 抗挠刚度flexural strength 抗弯强度flexural stress 弯曲应力受拉tension 拉张tensile capacity 受拉承载能力tensile failure 拉伸破坏tensile forces 拉力tensile reinforcement 受拉钢筋tensile strength 抗拉强度tensile stress 抗拉应力tensile zone 受拉区域tension area 张拉面积tension stress 抗拉应力earthquake 地震earthquake acceleration 地震加速度earthquake epicentre 震中earthquake focus 震源earthquake forces 地震力earthquake intensity 地震烈度earthquake magnitude 地震震级earthquake period 地震周期earthquake proofing construction 抗震earthquake region 地震区earthquake resistant structure 抗震结构earthquake response spectrum 地震响应谱dynamic loading 动力荷载aseismic joint 防震缝aseismic structures 抗震结构aseismatic construction 抗震措施amplification 增幅amplitude 振幅amplitude of ground motion 地面地震振动振幅amplitude of vibration 振幅破坏factor of safety 安全系数failing moment 破坏力矩failure hypotheses 破坏假说failure limit state 破坏极限状态failure load 破坏载荷failure mechanism 破坏机理failure moment 破坏力矩failure stage 破坏阶段failure strain 破坏应变failure stress 破坏应力fatigue 疲劳fatigue failure 疲劳破坏fracture load 破坏荷载fracture strength 破坏强度shear 剪切shear diagram 剪力图shear failure 剪切破坏shear force diagram 剪力图shear modulus 剪变模量shear strain 剪切变形shear strength 剪切强度shear stress 剪应力torsion 扭转torsion failure 扭转破坏torsion strength 扭转强度torsional capacity 扭转载力torsional cracking 扭转开裂torsional load 扭转载荷torsional moment 扭转力矩torsional stiffness 扭转刚度torsional stress 扭转应力moment 力矩moment area 力矩面积moment area method 弯矩面积法moment at fixed end 支承挠矩moment at support 弯矩钢筋moment bar 弯矩杆moment distribution 弯矩分配moment distribution method 力矩分配法moment equation 力矩方程moment influence line 力矩影响线图moment of couple 力偶矩moment of deflection 弯曲力矩moment of load 负载矩moment of resistance 抗力矩moment reinforcement 弯曲钢筋方向longitudinal bar 纵钢筋longitudinal strain 纵向变形longitudinal tensile stress 纵向拉应力lateral bending 横向弯曲lateral force 横向力lateral restraint 侧向约束lateral sway 侧移axial stress 轴应力axial tension 轴向拉力axial tensioning 轴向预加应力力系平衡equilibrium conditions 平衡条件equilibrium of forces 力的平衡external force 外力external loading 外部负载external prestress 外部预应力positive bending moment 正弯矩positive moment 正力矩hogging bending 负弯曲hogging moment 负弯矩part in bending 受弯部分part in compression 受压部分part in tension 受拉部分restraint conditions 束缚条件restraint forces 约束力restraint moment 约束力矩influence line of reactions 支座 反力影响线influence line 影响线force of reaction 反力fringe conditions 边界条件full restraint 完全约束unit load 单位荷载unit of area 面积单位unit pressure 单位压力poissons ratio 泊松比荷载additional load 附加载荷self weight 自重rapartition of load 荷载分布hydrostatic load 静水荷载moving load 活动荷载mobile load 活动荷载live load 活荷载load application 施加荷long duration load 长期荷载hydrostatic pressure 静水压力critical load 临界载荷alternating loading 更迭载荷static load 静载荷point load 集中荷载rupture load 破坏荷载剩余center of gravity 重心cross section 横截面explanatory note 注释factor of proportionality 比例系数parameter 参数curvature 曲率illustration 图解说明reference data 参考数据area of section 截面积parallelogram of forces 力平行四边形graphical analysis 图解limit design 极限状态计算limit load design 极限荷载设计critical limit state 临界极限状态结构工程statically determinate structrue 静定结构statically indeterminable construction 超静定结构steel structure 钢结构strength analysis 强度分析structural concept 结构方案structural drawings 结构图纸beam cal