人教版七年级下语法知识点及习题题集.doc

学习资料收集于网络，仅供参考 人教版 七年级下各单元语法点掌握Units 1-2的语法内容。1. 情态动词can的用法【考题链接】1. _ he swim?Yes, he can.A. Does B. Do C. Can D. Is2. 用can或cant 填空1. I can play soccer, but I _ play basketball.2. Can you play chess?Yes, I _.3. Im sorry I _ speak English.4. _ you bring some strawberries to me?5. _ your father swim?No, he _.2. 冠词(1) 不定冠词：有a，an两种形式，一般用在单数可数名词之前，主要用来表示某一类人或事物中不肯定的“某一个或任何一个”的意思。a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，如：a bag，a university。an用在以元音音素开头的名词前，如：an orange，an hour。(2) 定冠词：定冠词只有the一种形式，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，可用在可数名词前，也可用在不可数名词前。the在辅音音素开头的单词前，读作；而在元音音素开头的单词前，读作。 【考题链接】1. _ boy under the tree is _ good student.A. The; a B. A; the C. A; a D. The; the2. He has _ cat. _ cat is very cute.A. a; A B. the; The C. a; The D. the; A3. I hope we can fly to _ moon one day. A. a B. an C. the D. /4. _ Wangs moved to a new house last week.A. A B. The C. / D. An5. _ young should take care of _ old.A. A; an B. The; an C. The; the D. A; the6. Whats in your bag?_ English book is in it. A. A B. An C. The D. /7. Which one is your daughter, Mr. White?Oh, that little girl in _ orange jacket.A. a B. an C. / D. some8. _ elephant is _ useful animal.A. A; an B. An; a C. An; an D. A; a9. I have _ egg and _hamburger for breakfast.A. an; the B. the; a C. the; the D. an; a10. He wants to have _ second try.A. a B. an C. the D. /11. _ Browns were having dinner when the telephone rang.A. A B. An C. The D. /12. Its reported that a terrible rainstorm hit _ south of our country.A. a B. the C. / D. an13. Of _ two, she is _ cleverer.A. a; the B. the; the C. / ; the D. the; /14. _ older he is, _ happier he feels.A. The; a B. An; the C. An; a D. The; the15. He was born in _ summer of 1970.3. 不用冠词的情况1. What is in your _ other hand? A. a B. an C. the D. /2. When do you have P.E.? On _ Tuesday and Friday.A. the B. a C. an D. 3. He cant play _ football, but he can play _ piano.A. the; theB. a; aC. /; theD. the; /4. I like _ science best of all the subjects.A. a B. an C. the D. /5. Do you go to school by _ bike?A. the B. / C. a D. an6. He is ill in _ hospital. His father is in _ hospital to look after him.A. a; a B. an; an C. the; / D. /; the4. 时间的表达法(1) 整点的表达法: 当时间是整点时，可以用钟点数或在钟点数后加oclock来表达。8:00 表示为：eight/ eight oclock(2) 不整点的表达法： 钟点数+分钟数表达法 8:25 表示为：eight twenty-five 分钟数+ to/ past+ 钟点数表达法A. 30分钟(包括30分钟)以内，用“分钟数+past +钟点数”表达。7:15表示为：fifteen past seven5: 28表示为：twenty-eight past fiveB. 30分钟以上，用“（60分钟数）+ to +下一个钟点数”表达。7:55表达为：five to eight【考题链接】写出下列时间的表达1. 7:30 _ 或_2. 11:45 _ 或_3. 9:10 _ 或_掌握Units 3-4的语法内容一、how引导的特殊疑问句【用法1】how引导的特殊疑问句，可用来询问做某事的方式或方法，也可用来询问某人或某物的状况。 how old 多大，提问年龄。 how many 多少，提问可数名词的量。 how much 多少，提问不可数名词的量。 多少钱；提问价格。 how long 多长时间，提问一段时间。 多长，提问物体的长度。 how far 多远，提问距离。【考题链接】1. _ is it to the train station? About six kilometers.A. How long B. How far C. How much D. How often2. _ do you live here?For about five months.A. How much B. How often C. How long D. How far3. _ are the socks?Theyre 10 yuan.A. How old B. How much C. How soon D. How many对画线部分提问 2. It takes me 15 minutes to walk to school._ _ _ it _ you to walk to school? 3. Its three miles from my home to school._ _ is it from your home to school?4. I go to school by car._ _ you go to school?5. I sleep nine hours every night._ _ _ do you sleep every night?6. His son is 11 years old._ _ is his son?7. The boy will finish his homework in 2 hours. _ _ will the boy finish his homework?8. I want two glasses of milk._ _ milk do you want?9. I think the book is interesting. _ do you _ the book?10. My skirt is 20 dollars. _ _ is your skirt?二、祈使句的用法1. 定义用来表示请求、命令、建议、号召、警告等的句子。说话的对象大多为第二人称you，且常被省略。句末用感叹号或句号，读时用降调。为了表示客气，常用please一词。放在句首时，其后不加逗号；放在句末时，其前通常加逗号。2. 构成祈使句分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句。(1) 肯定祈使句的构成： Do型，即以行为动词原形开头。 Be型，即以动词be开头。Be quiet please! 请安静！ Let型，即以let开头。Lets play basketball. 让咱们去打篮球吧(2) 否定祈使句的构成： Do型和Be型的否定式，在动词前加dont或never。Dont come in. 不要进来。Never be angry. 绝不生气。 Let型的有两种否定形式：在let前加dont 或在let sb. 后加not。Dont let them cry. = Let them not cry. 不要让他们哭。Let me not go there. = Dont let me go there. 不要让我去那儿。No +v.-ing形式/名词，用于警示人们不要做某事。3. 答语祈使句的动作通常是将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。【注意】在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意形式一致和意义相反。即：yes与will；no与wont要一致；yes意为“不”；no意为“是”。【例句】Dont go out. Its raining hard. 不要出去了。天正下着大雨。Yes, I will. Lily is waiting for me. 不，我要去。莉莉在等我呢4. 注意祈使句和陈述句的连用祈使句与陈述句连用，有两种形式：(1)祈使句+ and/ then + 陈述句，二者之间表示一种顺承关系。【例句】Study hard, and you can get good grades. 努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。(2)祈使句+ or +陈述句，二者之间表示一种否定条件【考题链接】1. Please _ the blackboard.A. look B. look at C. to look D. to look at2. Let Lily _ piano.A. play B. to play C. to play the D. play the1. _ late for school.A. Not be B. Not is C. Dont be D. Dont is2. _ smoking!A. Not B. Dont C. No D. DoesntPeter, dont step on the grass. _. A. It doesnt matter B. I cant do it C. Dont worry D. Sorry, I wont do it againHurry up, _ you will miss the early bus.A. or B. and C. so D. but句型转换1. You must come here early tomorrow. (改为祈使句)_ here early tomorrow!2. Look at the picture! (改为否定句)_ _ at the picture!3. Let her help you. (改为否定句)_ _her help you.4. You cant be late next time. (改为祈使句)_ _ late next time.5. You can drink and eat in the dining hall. (改为否定祈使句)_ drink _ eat in the dining hall.三、情态动词have to, must1. have to意为“不得不”，强调客观需要，能用于多种时态。本身有第三人称单数形式has to。【考点1】一般现在时态中，have to 的否定句要借助助动词dont / doesnt，再加have to。【例句】You dont have to come here so early. 你不必那么早来这儿。【考点2】一般现在时态中，have to的一般疑问句要借助于助动词do/ does放在开头，后接have to【考点3】一般现在时态中，特殊疑问句是：特殊疑问词+ do/ does+主语+have to +其他？2. must意为“必须；应当”，表示义务、命令或必要。强调主观看法，没有时态变化。否定式mustnt表示“禁止，严禁”。【考点4】以must开头的一般疑问句，简略肯定回答用must，简略否定回答用neednt或dont have to。neednt 相当于dont have to，意为“不必”。【例句】Must I do the dishes today? 我今天必须洗餐具吗？Yes, you must. / No, you neednt/ dont have to. 是的，必须。/ 不，你不必。【考题链接】Its too late. We _ go home.A. can B. have to C. may D. must1. May I go to the cinema, Mom?Certainly. But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A. can B. may C. must D. need2. Dad, must I finish my homework today?No, you _. You may do it tomorrow.A. neednt B. mustnt C. dont D. wont句型转换1. He has to eat in the dining hall. (改为否定句)He _ _ to eat in the dining hall.2. We must be on time. (改为一般疑问句)_ we _ on time?3. Bill has to listen to the music outside. (改为一般疑问句)_ Bill _ to listen to the music outside?4. Must they follow the rules? (作否定回答)_, they _.5. The students have to read books in the morning. (对画线部分提问)_ _ the students _ to read books?掌握Units 5-6的语法内容。1. why引导的特殊疑问句疑问词why意为“为什么”，用来询问原因。why引导的特殊疑问句的结构为：疑问词Why +一般疑问句？why引导的特殊疑问句，常用because引导的句子回答。【例句】Why do you like elephants? 你为什么喜欢大象？Because theyre very interesting. 因为它们很有趣。【注意】because和so不能用在同一个句子中，二者只能取其一。【考题链接】1. _ does she go to see the koalas?Because theyre smart and friendly.A. What B. Where C. How D. Why2. _ lions are very scary, _ I dont like them.A. Because; so B. So; because C. Because; / D. /; because【即学即练】句型转换1. Julie likes koalas because theyre interesting. (对画线部分提问)_ _ Julie _ koalas?2. Pandas are from China. (同义句转换)Pandas _ _ China.3. Why do you like cats? (用cute来回答)_.4. to, why, you, want, do, see, the, bears (连词成句)_5. like, I, because, they, are, very, lovely, pandas (连词成句)_2. 形容词在句中的位置和充当的成分【考点1】形容词在句中的位置（1）形容词在句中一般用来修饰名词，常放在名词之前。（2）形容词也可作系动词的表语，即放在系动词之后。（3）当形容词作定语修饰不定代词something, anything, nothing等时，要放在被修饰词的后面。【考点2】形容词充当的成分（1）作定语，修饰/限定名词/代词（2）作表语形容词作表语，与be动词或其他连系动词连用，说明主语的情况。（3）作宾语补足语形容词作宾语补足语，用来补充说明宾语。【考题链接】1. I have _ to tell you. A. nothing good B. good nothing C. good thing D. thing good2. Grace is a _girl. She doesnt like meeting new friends.A. smart B. shy C. strict D. cute【即学即练】把下列短语翻译成英语1. 一只小猫 _ 2. 三只害羞的大熊猫 _3. 五头友好的大象 _ 4. 两头懒惰的狮子 _5. 四只恐怖的老虎 _ 6. 七只美丽的长颈鹿 _7. 十只可爱的树袋熊 _ 8. 八只聪明的动物 _9. 新的事情 _10. 困难的事情 _3. 现在进行时态【考点1】基本用法：（1）表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。（2）表示当前一段时间的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。【考点2】句式(1) 否定句：be后加not；(2) 一般疑问句：be在主语前，且首字母大写，句末加问号。一般疑问句的简略肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ be。简略否定回答：No, 主语+be not。【考点3】现在分词的构成：（1）一般情况下，直接在动词末尾加-ing，如：play playing（2）以不发音的e结尾的动词，先去e再加-ing，如：come coming（3）以重读闭音节结尾的动词，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing，如：swim swimming（4）以ie结尾的动词，将ie变为y，再加-ing，如：lie lying【考点4】常用的标志词：（1）句中有now时，常表示动作正在进行。（2）当句首有提示性动词look, listen 等时，说明动作正在进行。（3）根据语境或上下文来判断。 【考点5】现在进行时和一般现在时的区别：概念不同感情色彩不同谓语动词形式不同现在进行时表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。表示的动作可带有感情色彩。助动词be +v-ing形式。一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作或状态。所表示的动作通常是事实。系动词和实义动词【考题链接】1. The children _ kites in the park now.A. making B. makes C. is making D. are making。2. Is your sister watching TV now? _.A. Yes, she is B. Yes, she does C. No, she is D. Shes watching TV3. Look! The old man _ under the big tree.A. talks B. talk C. are talking D. is talking4. _? Hes swimming at the pool.A. What does Tom do B. Is Tom swimmingC. What is Tom doing D. Where does Tom now5. Whats Lucy doing? She _ on the bed.A. lies B. lie C. is lying D. is lieing6. He often _on Sundays. Look! He _ at the pool. A. swim; swim B. is swimming; is swimmingC. swims; is swimming D. swims; swims【即学即练】. 写出下列动词的-ing形式1. read _ 2. swim _ 3. have _ 4. write _ 5. play _ 6. lie _7. shop _ 8. get _ 9. see _ 10. run _. 用括号内所给词的正确形式填空1. Listen! Who _(sing) in the classroom?2. Do you want _(buy) a dictionary?3. Look! They _(take) photos.4. He often _(write) to his mother on the weekend.5. Please be quiet. My sister _(sleep).6. The boy _(not study) English now.7. _ the students _(read) English?Yes, they are.8. What are you doing?I _(drink) tea.掌握7-8单元语法1. How 引导的特殊疑问句询问天气【考点1】Hows the weather? = Whats the weather like? 的天气如何？【例句】Hows the weather in Nanjing? 南京的天气怎样？Whats the weather like in Moscow? 莫斯科的天气怎样？【考点2】描述天气：Its + 描述天气的adj. / v.-ing。【考题链接】1. _ is the weather there? Its cloudy and windy.A. How B. When C. What D. Where2. Whats the weather like here?_.A. It likes rain B. It looks like rainC. Its snowy D. Its a ball【即学即练】句型转换1. Whats the weather like here in winter? （改为同义句）_ _ the weather here in winter?2. Its sunny in London today. （改为否定句）It _ _ in London today.3. Its snowing there. （对划线部分提问）_ the weather _ there?4. Hows the weather in Taiyuan? (补全答语)_ windy.5. Theres lots of rain in Shandong in summer. （改为同义句）It _ heavily in Shandong in summer.2. 现在进行时态的特殊用法现在进行时除了其基本用法外，还有一些特殊用法：（1）现在进行时可表示将来的动作。某些表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, fly 等可用现在进行时表示将来。（2）现在进行时可表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作。现在进行时与always, often, never等副词连用，可表示赞扬、厌烦等感情色彩。（3）一些词不用于现在进行时中。表示感觉或某种状态的动词，如love, like, hate, see, hear, know, want, need, sound等，通常不用于现在进行时态中。 【考题链接】_ you _ for Shanghai next week?A. Do; leave B. Are; leaving C. Am; leave D. Are; leave【即学即练】用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空1. My sister _(come) to see me tomorrow.2. He _ ( visit ) his grandparents this weekend.3. Listen! Someone_(sing) in the next room. 4. Xiao Ming _ always _(help) other students.5. His parents _(fly) to New York tomorrow morning.3. There be 句型【考点1】There be句型的构成：There areis某物人地点/（时间状语）。它既可以表示某地方/（某时）有什么东西，也可以表达某地方/（某时）有什么人。【考点2】谓语动词be单复数的确定：在there be句型中， there是引导词，本身没有词意，be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。be的单复数取决于其后的主语，单数主语用is，复数主语全用are；如有并列主语时，be随第一主语变，即“就近原则”。【考点3】There be 句型的句式：（1）否定句：be后加not。注意肯定句中的some变为any。（2）一般疑问句：将be提到there前，some变为any。简略肯定回答：Yes, there is/ are.简略否定回答：No, there isnt/ arent. （3）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？ 提问可数名词的量，用how many。 提问不可数名词的量，用how much。 提问主语用what/ who，谓语动词用单数is。【考点4】There be句型与have的区别（1）用法不同：there be 表示某个时间或地方“存在”某人或某物，强调空间上的存在；而have表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语的某人或某物属主语所有，强调所属关系。（2）结构不同：There be + sb./sth. +时间/地点(副词或介词短语)； Sb./Sth. + have/has +sb./sth. 。（3）若是部分与整体的关系，二者可以互换。【考题链接】1. There _ a book and two rulers in the pencil-box.A. is B. are C. be D. have2. There _ many birds in the tree. A. is B. are C. be D. have3. _ an Art Festival in your school this term?No, but there is an English party.A. Are there B. Is there C. Do we have D. Does he have【即学即练】句型转换1. Two baseballs are in the schoolbag. (改为同义句)_ _ two baseballs in the schoolbag.2. There is a pay phone near the bank. (改为一般疑问句)_ _ a pay phone near the bank?3. Is there a post office on Fifth Avenue? (作肯定回答)_, _ _.4. Are there any sports clubs in your school? (作否定回答)_, _ _.5. The Bank of China is near here. (对画线部分提问)_ _ the Bank of China?6. There are some children on the playground. (改为否定句)There _ _children on the playground.7. There is a picture on the wall. (对画线部分提问)_ _ _ are there on the wall?8. There is some water in the bowl. (对画线部分提问)_ _ water is there in the bowl?9. There is a table in the room. (对画线部分提问) _ _ in the room?10. A week has seven days. (改为同义句)_ _ seven days in a week.4. 如何问路指路【考点1】问路的交际用语：（1）Excuse me. Wheres ? 打扰一下。在哪里？（2）Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to ? 打扰一下。你能告诉我去的路吗？（3）Excuse me. How can I get to ? 打扰一下。我怎么才能到达？（4）Is therenear here? 这附近有吗？【考点2】指路的交际用语：(1) Go/ Walk along this street, and turn left/ right. 沿着这条路走，然后向左/右拐。(2) Its next to/ in front of/ across from/ near/ behind .它在旁边/前面/对面/附近/后面。(3) Its between and . 它在和之间。(4) Youd better take . 你最好乘。【考题链接】1. _. Is there a hotel near here?Look! Its just over there.A. Im sorry B. Thanks a lot C. I dont know D. Excuse me2. Wheres the post office?Walk _ this street and then turn _.You can find it.A. along; to left B. down; to rightC. along; the left D. down; right【即学即练】补全对话：从方框中选出适当的句子补全对话，有两项多余A. turn rightB. Go across the roadC. Over thereD. Youre welcomeE. where is the post officeF. Thanks very muchG. I dont knowA: Excuse me. Could you tell me how often No. 6 bus comes?B: 1 Im afraid. But there is another one in half an hour.A: Thank you. By the way, 2 ?B: Go down this street and 3 . The post office is on your right.A: 4 . And where is Fox Street?B: 5 ! Cant you see the sign over there?A: Oh, yeah! Thanks a lot.掌握9-10单元语法1. what引导的特殊疑问句询问某人的外貌【考点1】询问某人外貌的句型：(1) What+ do/ does +某人(主语) +look like? 侧重于询问人的长相或总体特征。(2) What + is + 某人(主语) +like? 侧重于询问某人的性格、气质、个性等内在的东西。【考点2】描述人物的外貌的句型：(1) 主语+be+形容词/介词短语.(2) 主语+have/ has +a/an+形容词+名词.【例句】What do they look like? 他们长什么样？They are of medium height. 他们中等身高。What is Miss Brown like? 布朗小姐是个什么样的人？Shes quite nice. 她相当和善。【考题链接】What does Alice look like?_.A. She is fine B. She is looking at a photo C. She likes action movies D. She has brown hair【即学即练】根据汉语意思完成下列句子1. 你的朋友长什么样？他中等体型，留着短发。What does your friend _ _?He is _ _ _ and _ short hair.2. 你们的英语老师长什么样？她个子不高，大眼睛。What _ your English teacher _ like?She is _ and _ big eyes.2. 多个形容词修饰同一个名词时的顺序【考点】多个形容词修饰同一个名词时的顺序为：县(限)官(观)行(形)令(龄)演(颜)国才(材)。(1)限定词，指冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、（先）序数词、（后）基数词等。【例句】Please look at the first two words. 请看一下开始的两个单词。(2)外观词，指描绘性形容词（多表主观看法）。 (3)形状词，指大小、长短、高低、方圆等，且表尺寸大小的要放在表形状的之前。【例句】He is a brave young man. 他是一个勇敢的年轻人。Can you see that small round table? 你看到那张小圆桌了吗？(4)年龄词，指新、旧等。(5)颜色词。 【例句】The dirty old brown skirt is not mine. 那条又脏又旧的棕色裙子不是我的。(6)国籍词。【例句】I have a beautiful new black Chinese car. 我有一辆漂亮的、新的、黑色的中国产小汽车。(7)材料词，指木头、皮革、羊毛等。【例句】There is a small yellow wooden desk in the room. 房间里有一张黄色小木头课桌。【考题链接】The boy has _hairs.A. three long curly B. three curly long C. long curly three D. curly long three【即学即练】单项选择1. Mike is tall and has _ hair.A. straight long blonde B. blonde long straightC. long straight blonde D. st